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mybatis(1)

一、MyBatis简介

MyBatis 是支持普通 SQL 查询,存储过程和高级映射的优秀持久层框架。MyBatis 消除了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码和参数的手工设置以及结果集的检索。MyBatis 使用简单的 XML 或注解用于配置和原始映射,将接口和 Java 的 POJOs(Plan Old Java Objects,普通的 Java 对象)映射成数据库中的记录。

orm工具的基本思想

无论是用过的 hibernate,Mybatis,你都可以法相他们有一个共同点:

  1. 从配置文件(通常是 XML 配置文件中)得到 sessionfactory.
  2. 由 sessionfactory 产生 session
  3. 在 session 中完成对数据的增删改查和事务提交等.
  4. 在用完之后关闭 session 。
  5. 在 Java 对象和 数据库之间有做 mapping 的配置文件,也通常是 xml 文件。

二、HelloWorld

创建用户表:

Create TABLE `user` (  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  `userName` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,  `userAge` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,  `userAddress` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;Insert INTO `user` VALUES (1, summer, 100, shanghai,pudong);

结构图如下:

技术分享

Configuration.xml: 这里使用mariadb作为开发环境

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"><configuration>    <typeAliases>        <typeAlias alias="User" type="demo.mybatis.helloworld.model.User"/>    </typeAliases>    <environments default="development">        <environment id="development">            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>            <dataSource type="POOLED">                <property name="driver" value="org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver"/>                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mariadb://192.168.1.202:3306/demo" />                <property name="username" value="root"/>                <property name="password" value="111111"/>            </dataSource>        </environment>    </environments>    <mappers>        <mapper resource="mapper/User.xml"/>    </mappers></configuration>

pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>demo</groupId>    <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>    <dependencies>        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>            <version>3.2.8</version>        </dependency>        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mariadb.jdbc/mariadb-java-client -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.mariadb.jdbc</groupId>            <artifactId>mariadb-java-client</artifactId>            <version>1.4.6</version>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>                <version>3.1</version>                <configuration>                    <source>1.8</source>                    <target>1.8</target>                </configuration>            </plugin>        </plugins>    </build></project>

User.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"><mapper namespace="demo.mybatis.helloworld.mapper.UserMapper">    <select id="selectUserByID" parameterType="int" resultType="User">        select * from `user` where id = #{id}    </select></mapper>

User.java:

public class User {    private int id;    private String userName;    private Integer userAge;    private String userAddress;    //get and set...}

UserMapper:

public interface UserMapper {    User selectUserByID(int id);}

Test.java:

import java.io.Reader;import demo.mybatis.helloworld.mapper.UserMapper;import demo.mybatis.helloworld.model.User;import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;/** * Created by carl.yu on 2016/12/8. */public class Test {    private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;    private static Reader reader;    static {        try {            reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader("Configuration.xml");            sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(reader);        } catch (Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }    public static SqlSessionFactory getSession() {        return sqlSessionFactory;    }    public static void main(String[] args) {        SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();        try {            UserMapper userOperation=session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);            User user = userOperation.selectUserByID(1);            System.out.println(user.getUserAddress());            System.out.println(user.getUserName());        } finally {            session.close();        }    }}

三、CRUD

这里直接用接口的方式编程。这种方式,要注意的一个地方就是。在 User.xml 的配置文件中,mapper namespace="demo.mybatis.helloworld.mapper.UserMapper" ,命名空间非常重要,不能有错,必须与我们定义的 package 和 接口一致。如果不一致就会出错,这一章主要在上一讲基于接口编程的基础上完成如下事情:

  1. 用 mybatis 查询数据,包括列表
  2. 用 mybatis 增加数据
  3. 用 mybatis 更新数据
  4. 用 mybatis 删除数据

1. 查询数据,前面已经讲过简单的,主要看查询出列表的

查询出列表,也就是返回 list, 在我们这个例子中也就是 List , 这种方式返回数据,需要在 User.xml 里面配置返回的类型 resultMap, 注意不是 resultType, 而这个 resultMap 所对应的应该是我们自己配置的

<!-- 为了返回list 类型而定义的returnMap -->    <resultMap type="User" id="resultListUser">        <id column="id" property="id" />        <result column="userName" property="userName" />        <result column="userAge" property="userAge" />        <result column="userAddress" property="userAddress" />    </resultMap>

查询列表的语句在 User.xml 中

<!-- 返回list 的select 语句,注意 resultMap 的值是指向前面定义好的 -->    <select id="selectUsers" parameterType="string" resultMap="resultListUser">        select * from user where userName like #{userName}    </select>

在 UserMapper接口中增加方法:public List selectUsers(String userName);

现在在 Test 类中做测试

public void getUserList(String userName){        SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();        try {            UserMapper userOperation=session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);                       List<User> users = userOperation.selectUsers(userName);            for(User user:users){                System.out.println(user.getId()+":"+user.getUserName()+":"+user.getUserAddress());            }        } finally {            session.close();        }    }

现在在 main 方法中可以测试:

public static void main(String[] args) {        Test testUser=new Test();        testUser.getUserList("%");    }

 

可以看到,结果成功查询出来。如果是查询单个数据的话,用第二讲用过的方法就可以了。

2. 用 mybatis 增加数据

在 UseMapper接口中增加方法:

public void addUser(User user);

在 User.xml 中配置

<!--执行增加操作的SQL语句。id和parameterType         分别与UserMapper接口中的addUser方法的名字和         参数类型一致。以#{name}的形式引用Student参数         的name属性,MyBatis将使用反射读取Student参数         的此属性。#{name}中name大小写敏感。引用其他         的gender等属性与此一致。seGeneratedKeys设置         为"true"表明要MyBatis获取由数据库自动生成的主         键;keyProperty="id"指定把获取到的主键值注入         到Student的id属性-->     <insert id="addUser" parameterType="User"         useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">         insert into user(userName,userAge,userAddress)               values(#{userName},#{userAge},#{userAddress})      </insert>

然后在 Test 中写测试方法:

/**     * 测试增加,增加后,必须提交事务,否则不会写入到数据库.     */    public void addUser(){        User user=new User();        user.setUserAddress("人民广场");        user.setUserName("飞鸟");        user.setUserAge(80);        SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();        try {            UserMapper userOperation=session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);            userOperation.addUser(user);            session.commit();            System.out.println("当前增加的用户 id为:"+user.getId());        } finally {            session.close();        }    }

3. 用 mybatis 更新数据

方法类似,先在 UserMapper中增加方法:

public void updateUser(User user);

然后配置 User.xml

<update id="updateUser" parameterType="User" >        update user set userName=#{userName},userAge=#{userAge},userAddress=#{userAddress} where id=#{id}   </update>

Test 类总的测试方法如下:

public void updateUser(){        //先得到用户,然后修改,提交。        SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();        try {            UserMapper userOperation=session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);            User user = userOperation.selectUserByID(4);                        user.setUserAddress("原来是魔都的浦东创新园区");            userOperation.updateUser(user);            session.commit();        } finally {            session.close();        }    }

4. 用 mybatis 删除数据

同理,UserMapper增加方法:public void deleteUser(int id);

配置 User.xml

<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">        delete from user where id=#{id}    </delete>

然后在 Test 类中写测试方法:

 /**     * 删除数据,删除一定要 commit.     * @param id     */    public void deleteUser(int id){        SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();        try {            IUserOperation userOperation=session.getMapper(IUserOperation.class);                       userOperation.deleteUser(id);            session.commit();                    } finally {            session.close();        }    }

这样,所有增删改查都完成了,注意在增加,更改,删除的时候要调用 session.commit(),这样才会真正对数据库进行操作,否则是没有提交的。

到此为止,简单的单表操作,应该都会了,接下来的时间了,我会讲多表联合查询,以及结果集的选取。

四、spring boot 配置mybatis

参考文章:http://www.mybatis.org/spring-boot-starter/mybatis-spring-boot-autoconfigure/

MyBatis-Spring-Boot-Starter will:

  • 自动探测 DataSource.
  • 自动根据探测到的DataSource创建SqlSessionFactoryBean .
  • Will create and register an instance of a SqlSessionTemplate got out of the SqlSessionFactoryBean.
  • Autoscan your mappers, link them to the SqlSessionTemplate and register them to Spring context so they can be injected into your beans.

可以配置的信息有:

PropertyDescription
config-locationMyBatis xml config file (optional)
mapper-locationsMapper xml config files (optional)
type-aliases-packagePackage to search for type aliases (optional)
type-handlers-packagePackage to search for type aliases (optional)
executor-typeExecutor type: SIMPLE, REUSE, BATCH (optional)

文件图:

技术分享

pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>demo</groupId>    <artifactId>demo.mybatis</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <packaging>jar</packaging>    <name>demo</name>    <description>mybatis spring boot demo</description>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version>        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->    </parent>    <properties>        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>        <java.version>1.8</java.version>    </properties>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>            <version>1.1.1</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>        </dependency>        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid -->        <dependency>            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>            <version>1.0.18</version>        </dependency>        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mariadb.jdbc/mariadb-java-client -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.mariadb.jdbc</groupId>            <artifactId>mariadb-java-client</artifactId>            <version>1.4.6</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>            </plugin>        </plugins>    </build></project>

application.properties:

jdbc.driverClassName=org.mariadb.jdbc.Driverjdbc.url=jdbc:mariadb://192.168.1.202:3306/demojdbc.username=rootjdbc.password=111111mybatis.config-location=classpath:mybatis-config.xmllogging.level.root=WARNlogging.level.sample.mybatis.mapper=TRACE

mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE configuration        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"><configuration>    <typeAliases>        <!--<package name="sample.mybatis.domain"/>-->        <typeAlias alias="User" type="demo.domain.User"/>    </typeAliases>    <mappers>        <mapper resource="mapper/User.xml"/>    </mappers></configuration>

MyBatisConfig: 配置数据源

package demo;import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;import javax.sql.DataSource;import java.util.Properties;/** * Created by carl.yu on 2016/12/8. */@Configurationpublic class MyBatisConfig {    @Autowired    private Environment env;    /**     * 创建数据源     *     * @Primary 该注解表示在同一个接口有多个实现类可以注入的时候,默认选择哪一个,而不是让@autowire注解报错     */    @Bean    //@Primary    public DataSource getDataSource() throws Exception {        Properties props = new Properties();        props.put("driverClassName", env.getProperty("jdbc.driverClassName"));        props.put("url", env.getProperty("jdbc.url"));        props.put("username", env.getProperty("jdbc.username"));        props.put("password", env.getProperty("jdbc.password"));        props.put("testWhileIdle", "false");        return DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(props);    }}

配置User.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"><mapper namespace="demo.dao.UserMapper">    <select id="selectUserByID" parameterType="int" resultType="User">        select * from `user` where id = #{id}    </select>    <resultMap type="User" id="resultListUser">        <id column="id" property="id"/>        <result column="userName" property="userName"/>        <result column="userAge" property="userAge"/>        <result column="userAddress" property="userAddress"/>    </resultMap>    <!-- 返回list 的select 语句,注意 resultMap 的值是指向前面定义好的 -->    <select id="selectUsers" parameterType="string" resultMap="resultListUser">        select * from user where userName like #{userName}    </select>    <!--执行增加操作的SQL语句。id和parameterType       分别与UserMapper接口中的addUser方法的名字和       参数类型一致。以#{name}的形式引用Student参数       的name属性,MyBatis将使用反射读取Student参数       的此属性。#{name}中name大小写敏感。引用其他       的gender等属性与此一致。seGeneratedKeys设置       为"true"表明要MyBatis获取由数据库自动生成的主       键;keyProperty="id"指定把获取到的主键值注入       到Student的id属性-->    <insert id="addUser" parameterType="User"            useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">        insert into user(userName,userAge,userAddress)        values(#{userName},#{userAge},#{userAddress})    </insert>    <update id="updateUser" parameterType="User">        update user set userName=#{userName},userAge=#{userAge},userAddress=#{userAddress} where id=#{id}    </update>    <delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">        delete from user where id=#{id}    </delete></mapper>

配置UserMapper:

package demo.dao;import demo.domain.User;import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;import java.util.List;/** * Created by carl.yu on 2016/12/8. */@Mapperpublic interface UserMapper {    User selectUserByID(int id);    public List selectUsers(String userName);    public void addUser(User user);    public void updateUser(User user);}

可以直接使用了: UserService

package demo.service;import demo.dao.UserMapper;import demo.domain.User;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import java.util.List;/** * Created by carl.yu on 2016/12/8. */@Servicepublic class UserService {    @Autowired    private UserMapper userMapper;    @Transactional(readOnly = true)    public List<User> findAll() {        return userMapper.selectUsers("%");    }}

 

mybatis(1)