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postgresql的/d命令

ostgreSQL-psql常用命令

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  • \d命令

\d命令

 

 
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格式:
\d [ pattern ]
\d [ pattern ] +

该命令将显示每个匹配关系(表,视图,索引,序列)的信息,包括对象所有的列,它们的类型,表空间(如果不是默认的)和任何特殊属性(如NOT NULL或默认值等)。与唯一约束相关的索引,规则,约束,触发器也同样会显示出来。如果关系是一个视图,还会显示视图的定义。
1.如果\d命令什么都不带,将列出当前数据库中的所有表。

 
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sample_db=# \d
             List of relations
Schema |      Name      | Type  |  Owner  
--------+----------------+-------+---------
public | account        | table | postgre
public | book           | table | postgre
public | customers      | table | postgre
public | fruits         | table | postgre
...
public | view_t         | view  | postgre
public | view_t2        | view  | postgre
(42 rows)

2.\d后面跟一个表名,表示显示这个表的结构定义。

 
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sample_db=# \d tb_dept2
           Table "public.tb_dept2"
  Column  |         Type          | Modifiers
----------+-----------------------+-----------
id       | integer               | not null
name     | character varying(22) |
location | character varying(50) |
Indexes:
    "tb_dept2_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
    "tb_dept2_name_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (name)
Referenced by:
    TABLE "tb_tmp" CONSTRAINT "fk_emp_dept" FOREIGN KEY (deptid) REFERENCES tb_dept2(id)

3.\d也可以显示索引信息

 
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sample_db=# \d tb_dept2_pkey
Index "public.tb_dept2_pkey"
Column |  Type   | Definition
--------+---------+------------
id     | integer | id
primary key, btree, for table "public.tb_dept2"

4.\d后面可以跟一通配符"*"或"?"

 
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sample_db=# \d boo?
                  Table "public.book"
      Column      |          Type          | Modifiers
------------------+------------------------+-----------
bookid           | integer                | not null
bookname         | character varying(255) | not null
authors          | character varying(255) | not null
info             | character varying(255) |
comment          | character varying(255) |
year_publication | date                   | not null
Indexes:
    "uniqididx" UNIQUE, btree (bookid)
    "bkcmtidx" btree (comment)
    "bknameidx" btree (bookname)
sample_db=# \d a*
       Table "public.account"
Column |     Type      | Modifiers
--------+---------------+-----------
id     | integer       |
name   | character(20) |
Triggers:
    account_stamp BEFORE INSERT ON account FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE account_stam()

5.\d+命令,该命令将显示比\d命令更详细的信息,除了前面介绍的那些,它还会显示任何与表列关联的注释,以及表中出现的ODI。

 
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sample_db=# \d+ t
                           Table "public.t"
  Column  |  Type   | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description
----------+---------+-----------+---------+--------------+-------------
quantity | integer |           | plain   |              |
price    | integer |           | plain   |              |
Has OIDs: no

6.匹配不同对象类型的\d命令

 
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如果想只显示匹配的表,可以使用\dt命令
如果想只显示索引,可以使用\di命令
如果想只显示序号,可以使用\ds命令
如果想只显示视图,可以使用\dv命令
如果想只显示函数,可以使用\df命令

7.如果想显示SQL已执行的时间,可以用\timing命令

 
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sample_db=# \timing on
Timing is on.
sample_db=# select count(*) from t;
count
-------
     1
(1 row)
 
Time: 0.348 ms

8.列出所有的schemas可以使用\dn命令

 
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sample_db=# \dn
List of schemas
  Name  |  Owner  
--------+---------
public | postgre
(1 row)

9.显示所有的表空间可以用\db命令

 
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sample_db=# \db
       List of tablespaces
    Name    |  Owner  | Location
------------+---------+----------
pg_default | postgre |
pg_global  | postgre |
(2 rows)

表空间就是对一个目录,放在这个表空间的表,就是把表的数据文件放到这个表空间下。
10.列出数据库所有角色或用户\du或\dg

 
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sample_db=# \dg
                             List of roles
Role name |                   Attributes                   | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------+-----------
bob       |                                                | {}
linux78   |                                                | {}
post4     |                                                | {}
post5     | Superuser, Cannot login                        | {}
post6     | Create DB, Cannot login                        | {}
post7     | Create role, Cannot login                      | {}
post8     | Cannot login                                   | {}
postgre   | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication | {}
 
sample_db=# \du
                             List of roles
Role name |                   Attributes                   | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------+-----------
bob       |                                                | {}
linux78   |                                                | {}
post4     |                                                | {}
post5     | Superuser, Cannot login                        | {}
post6     | Create DB, Cannot login                        | {}
post7     | Create role, Cannot login                      | {}
post8     | Cannot login                                   | {}
postgre   | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication | {}

11.\dp或\z命令用于显示表的权限分配情况

 
 
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sample_db=# \dp t
                          Access privileges
Schema | Name | Type  | Access privileges | Column access privileges
--------+------+-------+-------------------+--------------------------
public | t    | table |                   |
(1 row)

postgresql的/d命令