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数据库ddl及dml的基本操作

基础知识

主键:
PRIMARY KEY 主键   UNIQUE KEY 唯一键
DDL:   CREATE DATABASE  创建数据库    CREATE TABLE  创建表    CREATE USER  创建用户
DROP DATABASE  删除数据库   DROP TABLE  删除表    DROP USER  删除用户
GRANT  授权   REVOKE  取消授权    DML:    INSERT  插入数据    DELETE  删除数据    UPDATE  更新数据    SELECT  查询数据
管理数据库:   CREATE DATABASE DB_NAME;    DROP DATABASE DB_NAME;
SHOW DATABASES;
管理表:
CREATE TABLE [DB_NAME.]TABLE_NAME (COLUMN DEFINATION)   COLUMN DEFINATION:    (col1_name data_type [修饰符], col2_name data_type [修饰符])
查看表定义:   DESC TB_NAME
DROP TABLE TB_NAME;
管理用户:   CREATE USER USERNAME@HOST [IDENTIFIED BY ‘password‘];
HOST表示格式:
ip:  网络地址:
MySQL的字符通配符:   %: 匹配任意长度的任意字符     _: 匹配任意单个字符
DROP USER USERNAME@HOST;
GRANT 权限列表 ON DB_NAME.TB_NAME TO USERNAME@HOST [IDENTIFIED BY ‘new_pass‘];
权限列表:   ALL PRIVILEGES,可简写为ALL    DB_NAME:
*:所有库
TB_NAME:   *: 所有表
刷新授权表,以使得权限立即生效:   mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
REVOKE 权限列表 ON DB_NAME.DB_TABLE FROM USERNAME@HOST;
DML:
插入数据:
INSERT INTO tb_name [(col1, col2,...)] VALUE|VALUES (val1, val2,...)[,(val1, val2,...)];
mysql> INSERT INTO students (Name,Age,Gender,Class) VALUES (‘jerry‘,43,‘m‘,‘class 2‘),(‘Ou Yangfeng‘,77,‘m‘,‘Hamopai‘);
查询数据:
SELECT 字段列表 FROM 表 WHERE 条件子句 ORDER BY 字段;
组合条件:   and    or    not
BETWEEN start_value AND end_value;
LIKE: 模糊匹配   Name LIKE O%;
RLIKE:模式匹配   Name RLIKE ‘^O.*$‘
删除数据:   DELETE FROM tb_name WHERE 条件子句 [LIMIT n];
更新数据:
UPDATE tb_name SET col1=new_value1 WHERE 条件子句;

mysql> create database zone;   创建zone数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;   查看数据库
+--------------------+    
| Database           |    
+--------------------+    
| information_schema |    
| dingchao           |    
| momo               |    
| mysql              |    
| test               |    
| wpdb               |    
| zone               |    
+--------------------+

mysql> drop database zone;   删除数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;   查看数据库
+--------------------+    
| Database           |    
+--------------------+    
| information_schema |    
| dingchao           |    
| momo               |    
| mysql              |    
| test               |    
| wpdb               |    
+--------------------+    
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use dingchao;   使用数据库
Database changed

mysql> create table boss ( ID int unsigned not null unique key auto_increment,

Name char(10) not null, Age tinyint, Gender enum(‘N‘,‘M‘) not null, Gongzi char(15));  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)   创建表

mysql> show tables;   查看表
+--------------------+    
| Tables_in_dingchao |    
+--------------------+    
| Class              |    
| boss               |    
| student            |    
+--------------------+    
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> desc boss;   查看表的结构
+--------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+    
| Field  | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |    
+--------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+    
| ID     | int(10) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |    
| Name   | char(10)         | NO   |     | NULL    |                |    
| Age    | tinyint(4)       | YES  |     | NULL    |                |    
| Gender | enum(‘N‘,‘M‘)    | NO   |     | NULL    |                |    
| GongZI | char(15)         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |    
+--------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+    
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into boss (Name,Age,Gender,GongZI) VALUE (‘sloary‘,‘22‘,‘N‘,‘4400‘),

(‘mara‘,‘35‘,‘M‘,‘3600‘),(‘jifu‘,‘77‘,‘N‘,‘5800‘);   插入数据
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from boss;  
+----+--------+------+--------+--------+    
| ID | Name   | Age  | Gender | GongZI |    
+----+--------+------+--------+--------+    
|  1 | sloary |   22 | N      | 4400   |    
|  2 | mara   |   35 | M      | 3600   |    
|  3 | jifu   |   77 | N      | 5800   |    
|  4 | lili   |   22 | N      | 3800   |    
|  5 | boy    |   35 | M      | 2600   |    
|  6 | tom    |   77 | M      | 3000   |    
|  7 | mary   |   18 | N      | 6000   |    
|  8 | king   |   28 | M      | 4600   |    
|  9 | hellen |   30 | M      | 3000   |    
+----+--------+------+--------+--------+    
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from boss where Age > 22 ;  选择行    查询年龄大于22岁的人
+----+--------+------+--------+--------+    
| ID | Name   | Age  | Gender | GongZI |    
+----+--------+------+--------+--------+    
|  2 | mara   |   35 | M      | 3600   |    
|  3 | jifu   |   77 | N      | 5800   |    
|  5 | boy    |   35 | M      | 2600   |    
|  6 | tom    |   77 | M      | 3000   |    
|  8 | king   |   28 | M      | 4600   |    
|  9 | hellen |   30 | M      | 3000   |    
+----+--------+------+--------+--------+    
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select Name,Age,GongZI from boss where Age > 30;   查询年龄大于30岁人的工资

投影列 选择行 ,记住前面多个字段要加 “,”  
+------+------+--------+    
| Name | Age  | GongZI |    
+------+------+--------+    
| mara |   35 | 3600   |    
| jifu |   77 | 5800   |    
| boy  |   35 | 2600   |    
| tom  |   77 | 3000   |    
+------+------+--------+    
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

INSERT INTO box (Name,Age,Gender,GongZI) VALUE (‘sloary‘,‘22‘,‘N‘,‘4400‘),

(‘mara‘,‘35‘,‘M‘,‘3600‘),(‘jifu‘,‘77‘,‘N‘,‘5800‘);   插入数据

mysql> show databases;  
+--------------------+    
| Database           |    
+--------------------+    
| information_schema |    
| dingchao           |    
| momo               |    
| mysql              |    
| test               |    
| wpdb               |    
+--------------------+

mysql> select Name,Age,GongZI from boss where Age > 30 order by Age,GongZI; 升序  
+------+------+--------+    
| Name | Age  | GongZI |    
+------+------+--------+    
| boy  |   35 | 2600   |    
| mara |   35 | 3600   |    
| tom  |   77 | 3000   |    
| jifu |   77 | 5800   |    
+------+------+--------+    
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select Name,Age,GongZI from boss where Age > 30 order by Age,GongZI desc; 降序  
+------+------+--------+    
| Name | Age  | GongZI |    
+------+------+--------+    
| mara |   35 | 3600   |    
| boy  |   35 | 2600   |    
| jifu |   77 | 5800   |    
| tom  |   77 | 3000   |    
+------+------+--------+    
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;     查看表
+--------------------+    
| Tables_in_dingchao |    
+--------------------+    
| Class              |    
| boess              |    
| boss               |    
| student            |    
+--------------------+    
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> delete from boess;   这个命令慎用  一删除整张表都被删除啦  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from boss where Age =22 ;  
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)  一般跟where 条件使用

mysql> select * from boss;  
+----+--------+------+--------+--------+    
| ID | Name   | Age  | Gender | GongZI |    
+----+--------+------+--------+--------+    
|  2 | mara   |   35 | M      | 3600   |    
|  3 | jini   |   77 | N      | 5800   |    
|  5 | boy    |   35 | M      | 2600   |    
|  6 | tom    |   77 | M      | 3000   |    
|  7 | mary   |   18 | N      | 6000   |    
|  8 | king   |   28 | M      | 4600   |    
|  9 | hellen |   30 | M      | 3000   |    
+----+--------+------+--------+--------+    
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update boss set Name= ‘jini‘ where GongZI = ‘3000‘;   更新数据
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)    
Rows matched: 2  Changed: 2  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from boss;  
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
| ID | Name | Age  | Gender | GongZI |    
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
|  2 | mara |   35 | M      | 3600   |    
|  3 | jini |   77 | N      | 5800   |    
|  5 | boy  |   35 | M      | 2600   |    
|  6 | jini |   77 | M      | 3000   |    
|  7 | mary |   18 | N      | 6000   |    
|  8 | king |   28 | M      | 4600   |    
|  9 | jini |   30 | M      | 3000   |    
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from boss;  
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
| ID | Name | Age  | Gender | GongZI |    
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
|  2 | mara |   35 | M      | 3600   |    
|  3 | jini |   77 | N      | 5800   |    
|  5 | boy  |   35 | M      | 2600   |    
|  6 | jini |   77 | M      | 3000   |    
|  7 | mary |   18 | N      | 6000   |    
|  8 | king |   28 | M      | 4600   |    
|  9 | jini |   30 | M      | 3000   |    
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update boss set Name= ‘jimi‘ where GongZI = ‘5800‘;   更新数据
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)    
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from boss;  
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
| ID | Name | Age  | Gender | GongZI |    
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
|  2 | mara |   35 | M      | 3600   |    
|  3 | jimi |   77 | N      | 5800   |    
|  5 | boy  |   35 | M      | 2600   |    
|  6 | jini |   77 | M      | 3000   |    
|  7 | mary |   18 | N      | 6000   |    
|  8 | king |   28 | M      | 4600   |    
|  9 | jini |   30 | M      | 3000   |    
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from boss;  
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
| ID | Name | Age  | Gender | GongZI |    
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
|  2 | mara |   35 | M      | 3600   |    
|  3 | jimi |   77 | N      | 5800   |    
|  5 | boy  |   35 | M      | 2600   |    
|  6 | jini |   77 | M      | 3000   |    
|  7 | mary |   18 | N      | 6000   |    
|  8 | king |   28 | M      | 4600   |    
|  9 | jini |   30 | M      | 3000   |    
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from boss where GongZI between 2000 and 5000; 查询工资介于2000-5000的人
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
| ID | Name | Age  | Gender | GongZI |    
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
|  2 | mara |   35 | M      | 3600   |    
|  5 | boy  |   35 | M      | 2600   |    
|  6 | jini |   77 | M      | 3000   |    
|  8 | king |   28 | M      | 4600   |    
|  9 | jini |   30 | M      | 3000   |    
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from boss where Name like ‘%j%‘;  like 比较消耗资源,尽量少使用  
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
| ID | Name | Age  | Gender | GongZI |    
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
|  3 | jimi |   77 | N      | 5800   |    
|  6 | jini |   77 | M      | 3000   |    
|  9 | jini |   30 | M      | 3000   |    
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from boss where Name rlike ‘^j.*$‘;  模糊查找基于正则  
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
| ID | Name | Age  | Gender | GongZI |    
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
|  3 | jimi |   77 | N      | 5800   |    
|  6 | jini |   77 | M      | 3000   |    
|  9 | jini |   30 | M      | 3000   |    
+----+------+------+--------+--------+    
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show engines;    查看存储引擎  
+------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+    
| Engine     | Support | Comment                                                    | Transactions | XA   | Savepoints |    
+------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+    
| MRG_MYISAM | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables                      | NO           | NO   | NO         |    
| CSV        | YES     | CSV storage engine                                         | NO           | NO   | NO         |    
| MyISAM     | DEFAULT | Default engine as of MySQL 3.23 with great performance     | NO           | NO   | NO         |    
| InnoDB     | YES     | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES          | YES  | YES        |    
| MEMORY     | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables  | NO           | NO   | NO         |    
+------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+    
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show table status\G   查看表的属性  
*************************** 1. row ***************************    
           Name: Class    
         Engine: MyISAM    
        Version: 10    
     Row_format: Dynamic    
           Rows: 1    
Avg_row_length: 32    
    Data_length: 32    
Max_data_length: 281474976710655    
   Index_length: 2048    
      Data_free: 0    
Auto_increment: 2    
    Create_time: 2014-08-11 04:07:12    
    Update_time: 2014-08-11 04:14:15    
     Check_time: NULL    
      Collation: latin1_swedish_ci    
       Checksum: NULL    
Create_options:    
        Comment:

mysql> show character set;   查看字符集  
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+    
| Charset  | Description                 | Default collation   | Maxlen |    
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+    
| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese    | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |    
| dec8     | DEC West European           | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |    
| cp850    | DOS West European           | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |    
| hp8      | HP West European            | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |    
| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian       | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |

mysql> show collation;   查看排序规则  
+--------------------------+----------+-----+---------+----------+---------+    
| Collation                | Charset  | Id  | Default | Compiled | Sortlen |    
+--------------------------+----------+-----+---------+----------+---------+    
| big5_chinese_ci          | big5     |   1 | Yes     | Yes      |       1 |    
| big5_bin                 | big5     |  84 |         | Yes      |       1 |    
| dec8_swedish_ci          | dec8     |   3 | Yes     | Yes      |       1 |    
| dec8_bin                 | dec8     |  69 |         | Yes      |       1 |

mysql> show global variables like ‘%new%‘;  查看变量  
+---------------+-------+    
| Variable_name | Value |    
+---------------+-------+    
| new           | OFF   |    
+---------------+-------+    
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show global  status like ‘create‘;  
Empty set (0.00 sec)

创建用户和授权  
MariaDB [(none)]> create user dingchao@‘192.168.%.%‘ identified by ‘1234‘;    
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> create user tom@‘192.168.%.%‘ identified by ‘1234‘;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> create database dingchao;  
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on dingchao.* to dingchao@‘192.168.%.%‘ identified by ‘1234‘;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on dingchao.* to tom@‘192.168.%.%‘ identified by ‘1234‘;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from student;  
+----+----------+------+--------+------------+    
| ID | Name     | Age  | Gender | Class      |    
+----+----------+------+--------+------------+    
|  1 | dingchao |   40 | m      | 11wanglou1 |    
|  2 | tom      |   40 | m      | 11wanglou2 |    
|  3 | peter    |   30 | F      | wushu      |    
|  4 | mary     |   40 | m      | 11wanglou2 |    
|  5 | kim      |   22 | F      | wushu      |    
|  6 | jeny     |   33 | m      | 11wanglou2 |    
|  7 | lili     |   26 | F      | wushu      |    
|  8 | jbod     |   28 | m      | 11wanglou2 |    
|  9 | maki     |   55 | F      | wushu      |    
+----+----------+------+--------+------------+

select * from student where Age >30;  选择行

mysql> select * from student where Age >30;  
+----+----------+------+--------+------------+    
| ID | Name     | Age  | Gender | Class      |    
+----+----------+------+--------+------------+    
|  1 | dingchao |   40 | m      | 11wanglou1 |    
|  2 | tom      |   40 | m      | 11wanglou2 |    
|  4 | mary     |   40 | m      | 11wanglou2 |    
|  6 | jeny     |   33 | m      | 11wanglou2 |    
|  9 | maki     |   55 | F      | wushu      |    
+----+----------+------+--------+------------+

select Name,Age from student where Age >30; 投影列选择行

mysql> select Name,Age from student where Age >30;  
+----------+------+    
| Name     | Age  |    
+----------+------+    
| dingchao |   40 |    
| tom      |   40 |    
| mary     |   40 |    
| jeny     |   33 |    
| maki     |   55 |    
+----------+------+