首页 > 代码库 > Android自定义ViewGroup(一)

Android自定义ViewGroup(一)

之前写了两篇关于自定义view的文章,本篇讲讲自定义ViewGroup的实现。

我们知道ViewGroup就是View的容器类,我们经常用的LinearLayout,RelativeLayout等都是ViewGroup的子类。并且我们在写布局xml的时候,会告诉容器(凡是以layout为开头的属性,都是为用于告诉容器的),我们的宽度(layout_width)、高度(layout_height)、对齐方式(layout_gravity)等;于是乎,ViewGroup的职能为:给childView计算出建议的宽和高和测量模式 ;决定childView的位置;为什么只是建议的宽和高,而不是直接确定呢,别忘了childView宽和高可以设置为wrap_content,这样只有childView才能计算出自己的宽和高。

View的根据ViewGroup传入的测量值和模式,对自己宽高进行确定(onMeasure中完成),然后在onDraw中完成对自己的绘制。ViewGroup需要给View传入view的测量值和模式(onMeasure中完成),而且对于此ViewGroup的父布局,自己也需要在onMeasure中完成对自己宽和高的确定。此外,需要在onLayout中完成对其childView的位置的指定。

因为ViewGroup有很多子View,所以它的整个绘制过程相对于View会复杂一点,但是还是遵循三个步骤measure,layout,draw,我们依次说明。
本文我们来写一个类似于GridView的网格容器吧,姑且叫做CustomGridView。

自定义属性/获取属性值

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <declare-styleable name="CustomGridView">
        <attr name="numColumns" format="integer" />
        <attr name="hSpace" format="integer" />
        <attr name="vSpace" format="integer" />
    </declare-styleable>
</resources>
    public CustomGridView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyle);
        if (attrs != null) {
            TypedArray a = getContext().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
                    R.styleable.CustomGridView);
            colums = a.getInteger(R.styleable.CustomGridLayout_numColumns, 3);
            hSpace = a.getInteger(R.styleable.CustomGridLayout_hSpace, 10);
            vSpace = a.getInteger(R.styleable.CustomGridLayout_vSpace, 10);
            a.recycle();
        }
    }

    public MyGridLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        this(context, attrs, 0);
    }

    public MyGridLayout(Context context) {
        this(context, null);
    }

LayoutParams
ViewGroup还有一个很重要的知识LayoutParams,LayoutParams存储了子View在加入ViewGroup中时的一些参数信息,在继承ViewGroup类时,一般也需要新建一个新的LayoutParams类,就像SDK中我们熟悉的LinearLayout.LayoutParams,RelativeLayout.LayoutParams类等一样,那么可以这样做,在你定义的ViewGroup子类中,新建一个LayoutParams类继承与ViewGroup.LayoutParams。

public static class LayoutParams extends ViewGroup.LayoutParams {
          public int left = 0;
          public int top = 0;

          public LayoutParams(Context arg0, AttributeSet arg1) {
              super(arg0, arg1);
          }

          public LayoutParams(int arg0, int arg1) {
              super(arg0, arg1);
          }

          public LayoutParams(android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams arg0) {
              super(arg0);
          }       
        }

那么现在新的LayoutParams类已经有了,如何让我们自定义的ViewGroup使用我们自定义的LayoutParams类来添加子View呢,ViewGroup同样提供了下面这几个方法供我们重写,我们重写返回我们自定义的LayoutParams对象即可。

    @Override
    public ViewGroup.LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(AttributeSet attrs) {
      return new CustomGridLayout.LayoutParams(getContext(), attrs);
    }

    @Override
    protected ViewGroup.LayoutParams generateDefaultLayoutParams() {
      return new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
    }

    @Override
    protected ViewGroup.LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) {
      return new LayoutParams(p);
    }

    @Override
    protected boolean checkLayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) {
      return p instanceof CustomGridLayout.LayoutParams;
    }

measure
在onMeasure中需要做两件事:

  • 计算childView的测量值以及模式
    measureChildren(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
    measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
    child.measure(WidthMeasureSpec, HeightMeasureSpec);
  • 设置ViewGroup自己的宽和高
    测量ViewGroup的大小,如果layout_width和layout_height是match_parent或具体的xxxdp,就很简答了,直接调用setMeasuredDimension()方法,设置ViewGroup的宽高即可,如果是wrap_content,就比较麻烦了,我们需要遍历所有的子View,然后对每个子View进行测量,然后根据子View的排列规则,计算出最终ViewGroup的大小。
    注意:在自定义View第一篇讲SpecMode时,曾说到UNSPECIFIED一般都是父控件是AdapterView,通过measure方法传入的模式。在这里恰好就用到了。
@Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
      int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
      int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
      int sizeWidth = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
      int sizeHeight = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);

      //UNSPECIFIED一般都是父控件是AdapterView,通过measure方法传入的模式
      final int childWidthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(sizeWidth, MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED);
      final int childHeightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(sizeHeight, MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED);
      measureChildren(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);

      int childCount = this.getChildCount();
      int line = childCount % colums == 0 ? childCount / colums : (childCount + colums) / colums;

      //宽布局为wrap_content时,childWidth取childView宽的最大值,否则动态计算
      if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
          for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
              View child = this.getChildAt(i);
              childWidth = Math.max(childWidth, child.getMeasuredWidth());
          }
      } else if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
          childWidth = (sizeWidth - (colums - 1) * hSpace) / colums;
      }
      //高布局为wrap_content时,childHeight取childView高的最大值,否则动态计算
      if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
          for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
              View child = this.getChildAt(i);
              childHeight = Math.max(childHeight, child.getMeasuredHeight());
          }
      } else if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
          childHeight = (sizeHeight - (line - 1) * vSpace) / line;
      }

      //遍历每个子view,将它们左上角坐标保存在它们的LayoutParams中,为后面onLayout服务
      for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
          View child = this.getChildAt(i);
          LayoutParams lParams = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
          lParams.left = (i % colums) * (childWidth + hSpace);
          lParams.top = (i / colums) * (childHeight + vSpace);
      }
      //当宽高为wrap_content时,分别计算出的viewGroup宽高
      int wrapWidth;
      int wrapHeight;
      if (childCount < colums) {
          wrapWidth = childCount * childWidth + (childCount - 1) * hSpace;
      } else {
          wrapWidth = colums * childWidth + (colums - 1) * hSpace;
      }
      wrapHeight = line * childHeight + (line - 1) * vSpace;
      setMeasuredDimension(widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST? wrapWidth:sizeWidth,heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST? wrapHeight:sizeHeight);
    }

layout
最核心的就是调用layout方法,根据我们measure阶段获得的LayoutParams中的left和top字段,也很好对每个子View进行位置排列。

@Override
    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
      int childCount = this.getChildCount();
      for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
          View child = this.getChildAt(i);
          LayoutParams lParams = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
          child.layout(lParams.left, lParams.top, lParams.left + childWidth, lParams.top + childHeight);
      }
    }

draw
ViewGroup在draw阶段,其实就是按照子类的排列顺序,调用子类的onDraw方法,因为我们只是View的容器,本身一般不需要draw额外的修饰,所以往往在onDraw方法里面,只需要调用ViewGroup的onDraw默认实现方法即可。不需要重写。

最后,在自定义ViewGroup中定义GridAdatper接口,以便在外部可以为ViewGroup设置适配器。

    public interface GridAdatper {
        View getView(int index);
        int getCount();
    }

    /** 设置适配器 */
    public void setGridAdapter(GridAdatper adapter) {
        this.adapter = adapter;
        // 动态添加视图
        int size = adapter.getCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            addView(adapter.getView(i));
        }
    }

并且在自定义ViewGroup中定义OnItemClickListener接口,以便在外部可以获取到childView的点击事件。

public interface OnItemClickListener {
        void onItemClick(View v, int index);
    }

    public void setOnItemClickListener(final OnItemClickListener listener) {
        if (this.adapter == null)
            return;
        for (int i = 0; i < adapter.getCount(); i++) {
            final int index = i;
            View view = getChildAt(i);
            view.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    listener.onItemClick(v, index);
                }
            });
        }
    }

使用自定义的CustomViewGroup
布局文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.hx.customgridview"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#303030"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <com.hx.customgridview.CustomGridLayout
        android:id="@+id/gridview"
        android:layout_width="200dp"
        android:layout_height="300dp"
        android:background="#1e1d1d"
        app:hSpace="10"
        app:vSpace="10"
        app:numColumns="3"/>
</LinearLayout>

grid_item:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:orientation="vertical" >
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/iv"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:scaleType="fitXY"/>
</LinearLayout> 

Java文件:

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        grid = (CustomGridLayout) findViewById(R.id.gridview);
        grid.setGridAdapter(new GridAdatper() {
            @Override
            public View getView(int index) {
                View view = getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.grid_item, null);
                ImageView iv = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.iv);
                iv.setImageResource(srcs[index]);
                return view;
            }

            @Override
            public int getCount() {
                return srcs.length;
            }
        });
        grid.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(View v, int index) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "item="+index, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }
}

运行后效果图如下:
技术分享

改变一下布局:

<com.hx.customgridview.CustomGridLayout
        android:id="@+id/gridview"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#1e1d1d"
        app:hSpace="10"
        app:vSpace="10"
        app:numColumns="3"/>

技术分享

再改变

<com.hx.customgridview.CustomGridLayout
        android:id="@+id/gridview"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:background="#1e1d1d"
        app:hSpace="10"
        app:vSpace="10"
        app:numColumns="3"/>

技术分享

再变

<com.hx.customgridview.CustomGridLayout
        android:id="@+id/gridview"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#1e1d1d"
        app:hSpace="10"
        app:vSpace="10"
        app:numColumns="4"/>

技术分享

Demo下载地址

<script type="text/javascript"> $(function () { $(‘pre.prettyprint code‘).each(function () { var lines = $(this).text().split(‘\n‘).length; var $numbering = $(‘
    ‘).addClass(‘pre-numbering‘).hide(); $(this).addClass(‘has-numbering‘).parent().append($numbering); for (i = 1; i <= lines; i++) { $numbering.append($(‘
  • ‘).text(i)); }; $numbering.fadeIn(1700); }); }); </script>

    Android自定义ViewGroup(一)