Oracle GoldenGate软件基于数据库日志结构变化，通过解析源端在线日志或归档日志获得数据增量，再将这些变化应用到目标数据库，从而实现源库和目标库的 数据同步。下面通过一个简单的示例，详细介绍利用GoldenGate实现Oracle数据库之间的同步。基本架构如下图所示：

1. 安装

1.1 下载介质

GoldenGate的安装介质可以从Oracle的官网上下载。

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/goldengate/overview/index.html

1.2 配置GoldenGate用户

下载完成后将其拷贝到源和目标的相应位置解压完成后，即可以开始进行配置。

# useradd -g oinstall -G dba ggate
# su – ggate
$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/ggate
$ cd /u01/app/oracle/ggate
$ tar ……

注意，如果使用Oracle 11g的数据库，需要创建一个link文件。

$ ln -s /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz11.so -
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz10.so

$ vi ~/.bash_profile

添加如下的内容：

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/u01/app/oracle/ggate
export GGATE=/u01/app/oracle/ggate

1.3 创建目录

使用ggsci工具，创建必要的目录。

$ cd /u01/app/oracle/ggate
$ ./ggsci

Oracle GoldenGate Command Interpreter for Oracle
Version 11.1.1.0.0 Build 078
Linux, x86, 32bit (optimized), Oracle 10 on Jul 28 2010 13:24:18

Copyright (C) 1995, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> create subdirs

至此，GoldenGate基本的安装完成。

Note. 此部分需要在源端和目标端完成。

2. 源数据库配置

GoldenGate主要通过抓取源端数据库重做日志进行分析，将获取的数据应用到目标端，实现数据同步。因此，为了让GoldenGate能够正常工作，源数据库需要进行一定配置。

2.1 设置源库为归档模式

SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database open;

2.2 开启minimal supplemental logging

SQL> alter database add supplemental log data;

SQL> select SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_MIN from v$database;

SUPPLEME
——–
YES

2.3 关闭数据库的recyblebin

SQL> alter system set recyclebin=off scope=spfile;

如果数据库是10g，需要关闭recyclebin并重启；或者手工purge recyclebin。

2.4 配置复制的DDL支持

SQL> create user ggate identified by ggate default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;
SQL> grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to ggate;
SQL> grant execute on utl_file to ggate;

SQL> @$GGATE/marker_setup.sql;
SQL> @$GGATE/ddl_setup.sql;
SQL> @$GGATE/role_setup.sql;
SQL> grant GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE to ggate;
SQL> @$GGATE/ddl_enable.sql;

2.5 创建源端和目标端的测试用户

source

SQL> create user sender identified by oracle default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;
SQL> grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to sender;

destination

SQL> create user receiver identified by oracle default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;
SQL> grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to receiver;

3. 配置manager

在源端和目标端分别执行下面的步骤。

3.1 创建manager

[ggate@gridcontrol gg]$ ./ggsci

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> info all

Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER     STOPPED

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 2> edit params mgr

PORT 7809

ggate (gridcontrol) 3> start manager

Manager started.

4. 配置源端复制队列

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> add extract ext1, tranlog, begin now

EXTRACT added.

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 2> add exttrail /u01/app/oracle/ggate/dirdat/lt, extract ext1

EXTTRAIL added.

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 3> edit params ext1

extract ext1
userid ggate@source, password oracle
rmthost centos4, mgrport 7809
rmttrail /u01/app/oracle/ggate/dirdat/lt
ddl include mapped objname sender.*;
table sender.*;

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 6> info all

Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     STOPPED
EXTRACT     STOPPED     EXT1        00:00:00      00:10:55

5. 配置目标端同步队列

5.1 在目标端添加checkpoint表

[oracle@centos4 ggate]$ ./ggsci

GGSCI (centos4) 1> edit params ./GLOBAL   –添加下列内容

GGSCHEMA ggate
CHECKPOINTTABLE ggate.checkpoint
 
GGSCI (centos4) 2> dblogin userid ggate@target
Password:

Successfully logged into database.
 
GGSCI (centos4) 3> add checkpointtable ggate.checkpoint
 
Successfully created checkpoint table GGATE.CHECKPOINT.

5.2 创建同步队列
 

GGSCI (centos4) 4> add replicat rep1, exttrail /u01/app/oracle/ggate/dirdat/lt, checkpointtable ggate.checkpoint
 
REPLICAT added.

GGSCI (centos4) 5> edit params rep1

replicat rep1
ASSUMETARGETDEFS
userid ggate@target, password ggate
discardfile /u01/app/oracle/ggate/dirdat/rep1_discard.txt, append, megabytes 10
DDL
map sender.*, target receiver.*;

6. 开启同步

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 14> start extract ext1

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 15> info all
 
Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt
 
MANAGER     RUNNING
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT1        00:00:00      00:00:05

GGSCI (centos4) 7> start replicat rep1

GGSCI (centos4) 8> info all
 
Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt
 
MANAGER     RUNNING
REPLICAT    RUNNING     REP1        00:00:00      00:00:00

7. 验证结果

源端：

SQL> create table sender.test_tab_1 (id number,rnd_str varchar2(12));
SQL> insert into sender.test_tab_1 values (1,’test_1′);
SQL> commit;

目标端：

SQL> select * from receiver.test_tab_1;
 
ID RND_STR
———- ————
1 test_1