引言：　Hive是一种强大的数据仓库查询语言，类似SQL，本文将介绍如何搭建Hive的开发测试环境。

1. 什么是Hive?

   hive是基于Hadoop的一个数据仓库工具，可以将结构化的数据文件映射为一张数据库表，并提供简单的sql查询功能，可以将sql语句转换为MapReduce任务进行运行。 其优点是学习成本低，可以通过类SQL语句快速实现简单的MapReduce统计，不必开发专门的MapReduce应用，十分适合数据仓库的统计分析。

2.  按照Ｈive的准备条件

    2.1  Hadoop集群环境已经安装完毕

　2.2 本文使用Ubuntu做为开发环境(14.04)

３. 安装步骤

    3.1 下载Ｈｉｖｅ包：apache-hive-0.13.1-bin.tar.gz

    3.2 将其解压到/opt目录下

　　　tar xzvf apache-hive-0.13.1-bin.tar.gz

    3.3 设置环境变量

   export HIVE_HOME=/opt/apache-hive-0.13

   export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin

   export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin

   3.4. 修改hive-env.xml，复制hive-env.xml.template.

    # Set HADOOP_HOME to point to a specific hadoop install directory

    HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop-1.2.1

    # Hive Configuration Directory can be controlled by:

     export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/opt/apache-hive-0.13/conf

 <property>
  <name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
  <value>thrift://127.0.0.1:9083</value>
  <description>Thrift URI for the remote metastore. Used by metastore client to connect to remote metastore.</description>
</property>

<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
  <value>jdbc:mysql://BladeStone-Laptop:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
  <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>

<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
  <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
  <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>

<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
  <value>hive</value>
  <description>username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>

<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
  <value>123456</value>
  <description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>

  sudo apt-get install mysql-server

  3.8 在mysql中创建hive数据库

　　mysql-connector-java-5.1.31-bin.jar

 3.11 在Ｈive中创建表

  3.12 登录mysql，访问hive数据库

     3.13 删除Hive中的表

    3.14 登录mysql,查询TBLS中的数据

４.  总结

　通过以上的步骤，我们完整的安装了一个Hive，并通过添加和删除一张数据库表的演示，来展示了Hive和Mysql元数据库之间的关系操作。

５.  常见问题

　５.1 直接通过hive命令来启动，则会出现一下错误信息：　　　

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/apache-hive-0.13/lib/hive-common-0.13.1.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:346)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:681)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:625)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
	at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:160)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1412)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.<init>(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:62)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:72)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.createMetaStoreClient(Hive.java:2453)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getMSC(Hive.java:2465)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:340)
	... 7 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
	at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:408)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1410)
	... 12 more
Caused by: MetaException(message:Could not connect to meta store using any of the URIs provided. Most recent failure: org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
	at org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket.open(TSocket.java:185)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient.open(HiveMetaStoreClient.java:336)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient.<init>(HiveMetaStoreClient.java:214)
	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
	at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:408)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1410)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.<init>(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:62)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:72)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.createMetaStoreClient(Hive.java:2453)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getMSC(Hive.java:2465)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:340)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:681)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:625)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
	at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:160)
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
	at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)
	at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:345)
	at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:206)
	at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:188)
	at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392)
	at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:589)
	at org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket.open(TSocket.java:180)
	... 19 more
)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient.open(HiveMetaStoreClient.java:382)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient.<init>(HiveMetaStoreClient.java:214)
	... 17 more

　　5.2 配置 hive.metastore.uris
        a.不启动metastore和hiveserver服务
          直接命令行hive进入hive shell环境，然后执行show databases  报错如下：
             ERROR ql.Driver: FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask. java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate    org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient
     　b.第二种种情况
          1.配置 hive.metastore.uris
          2.启动metastore服务  hive  --service metastore
         然后直接命令行hive进入hive shell环境，然后执行show databases   

         c：第三种情况
           1.注释配置项 hive.metastore.uris
           2.不启动metastore服务
           然后直接命令行hive进入hive shell环境，然后执行show databases