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文章原文链接：https://www.qcloud.com/community/article/259

来源：腾云阁 https://www.qcloud.com/community

之前对GreenPlum与Mysql进行了TPC-H类的对比测试，发现同等资源配比条件下，GreenPlum的性能远好于Mysql，有部分原因是得益于GreenPlum本身采用了更高效的算法，比如说做多表join时，采用的是hash join方式。如果采用同样高效的算法，两者的性能又如何？由于GreenPlum是由PostgreSQL演变而来，完全采用了PostgreSQL的优化算法，这次，我们将GreenPlum与PostgreSQL进行对比测试，在同等资源配比条件下，查看GreenPlum（分布式PostgreSQL）和单机版PostgreSQL的性能表现。

一.目的

1. 比较在同等资源条件下具有分布式属性的GreenPlum与PostgreSQL在进行TPC-H类测试的性能区别。
2. 分析和总结两种DB造成性能区别的原因。

二.测试环境与配置信息

测试环境：腾讯云
测试对象：GreenPlum、PostgreSQL，两者的配置信息统计如下：

表1 GreenPlum集群服务器

表2 PostgreSQL服务器

三.测试结果与分析

1.总测试数据量为1G时
结果统计信息如下：

表3 总量为1GB时各测试表数据量统计

表4 总量为1GB时22条sql执行时间统计

分析：从以上的表4可以看出，PostgreSQL在22条sql中有8条sql的执行时间比GreenPlum少，接近一半的比例，我们直接放大10倍的测试数据量进行下一步测试。

2.总测试数据量为10G时
结果统计如下：

表5 总量为10GB时各测试表数据量统计

表6 总量为10GB时22条sql执行时间统计

分析：放大数据量到10G后可以明显看出，PostgreSQL执行测试sql的时间大幅度增多，性能下降比较厉害，但仍有3条测试sql快于GreenPlum，我们选取其中一条对比查看下两者的性能区别原因。
这里我们以Q7为例，Greenplum的执行时间大约是PostgreSQL的两倍，Q7如下：

图1 Q7表示的sql语句

在PostgreSQL上执行explain Q7，得到结果如下：

图2 数据量为10G时PostgreSQL上执行explain Q7的结果

对执行进行分析，可以看出，整个过程最耗时的部分如上图红色框部分标识,对应的条件查询操作分别是：
1).在lineitem表上对l_shipdata字段按条件查询，因为在字段有索引，采用了高效的Bitmap索引查询（Bitmap索引查询分两步：1.建位图；2.扫表。详细了解可看http://kb.cnblogs.com/page/515258/ ）。
2).lineitem和orders表hash join操作。
为了方便进一步分析，我们加上analyze参数，获取详细的执行时间，由于内容过多，这里只截取部分重要信息如下：

图3 数据量为10G时PostgreSQL上执行explain analyze Q7的部分结果

根据以上信息，我们可以得出这两部分操作的具体执行时间，但由于PostgreSQL采取多任务并行，因此，我们需要对每步操作计算出一个滞留时间（该时间段内系统只执行该步操作），缩短滞留时间可直接提升执行速度，每步的滞留时间为前步的结束时间与该步结束时间之差。两部分的滞留时间分别为：

1).Bitmap Heap Scan:20197-2233=17964ms
2).Hash join:42889-26200=16689ms

PostgreSQL执行Q7的总时间为42963ms，因此，可以印证系统的耗时主要集中在上述两步操作上。
接下来，我们在GreenPlum上执行explain Q7，结果如下：

图4 数据量为10G时GreenPlum上执行explain Q7的结果

与PostgreSQL不同的是，GreenPlum的耗时多了数据重分布部分。同样，我们通过analyze参数得到详细的执行时间如下：

图5 数据量为10G时GreenPlum上执行explain analyze Q7的部分结果

根据执行计划信息，选出耗时最长的三步操作，计算出在一个segment（耗时最长的）上这三部分的滞留时间为：
1).Scan lineitem: 6216ms
2).Redistribute: 36273ms
3).Hash join: 29885ms

GreenPlum执行Q7的总时间为80121ms，可见数据重分布的时间占据了整个执行时间的一半，进行Hash join操作的时间占比也较多，主要是segment的内存不足，引起了磁盘的IO。

小结：对比PostgreSQL和GreenPlum在Q7的执行计划，GreenPlum的耗时较多的原因主要是数据重分布的大量时间消耗和hash join时超出内存引起磁盘IO。虽然GreenPlum各segment并行扫lineitem表节省了时间，但占比较小，对总时间的消耗影响较小。

基于此，是否可以减少数据重分布操作的耗时占比？我们尝试进一步增加测试的数据量，比较10G的测试数据对于真实的OLAP场景还是过少，扩大5倍的测试量，继续查看耗时情况是否有所改变。

3. 总测试数据量为50G时
表7 总量为50GB时各测试表数据量统计

表8 总量为50GB时22条sql执行时间统计

分析：从结果表可明显看出，在22条SQL中，GreenPlum的执行效率都比PostgreSQL高出很多，我们还是以Q7为例，查看两种数据量下执行效率不一致的直接原因。

经过对执行计划的分析，发现区别还是集中在步骤2提到的几个部分，这里就不再重复给出整体的查询计划，直接查看耗时较多的部分如下：

图6 数据量为50G时PostgreSQL上执行explain analyze Q7的部分结果

图7 数据量为50G时GreenPlum上执行explain analyze Q7的部分结果

PostgreSQL的主要滞留时间有：
1).Bitmap Heap Scan: 9290197ms
2).Hash join: 713138ms

总执行时间为10219009ms，可见主要的耗时集中在Bitmap Heap Scan上，
GreenPlum的主要滞留时间有：
1).Scan lineitem: 130397ms
2).Redistribute: 140685ms
3).Hash join: 211456ms

总的执行时间为537134ms，相比步骤2的10G测试数据量，数据重分布的耗时占比明显下降，主要耗时已集中在hash join操作上。

GreenPlum和PostgreSQL在执行同样的wheret条件时，扫表的方式不一样，原因在于GreenPlum里的lineitem表为列存储，直接扫表更方便更快。

对比PostgreSQL两次的测试结果，发现Bitmao Heap Scan操作的性能下降比较明显，第一次扫18188314 行用时17秒，而第二次扫90522811行用时9190秒。

小结：增大数据量，会减少数据重分布耗时对整体执行时间的影响比重，主要耗时集中在内部数据的计算上。由于扫表涉及到磁盘IO，GreenPlum将扫表任务分割给多个segment同时进行，减少了单个节点要执行的扫表量，相当于并行IO操作，对整体的性能提升较大。

四.总结

通过对不同数据量（1G，10G，50G）的测试对比以及分析，可以看出，在TPC-H类的测试时，数据量越大，GreenPlum性能越好于单机版的PostgreSQL。由于GreenPlum采用分布式架构，为了实现各节点并行计算能力，需要在节点间进行广播或者数据重分布，对整体的性能有一定影响，当数据量较小时，计算量小，广播或者重分布耗时占总耗时比例大，影响整体的执行效率，可能会出现GreenPlum不如单机版PostgreSQL效率高；当数据量较大时，整体计算的量很大，广播或者重分布耗时不再是影响性能的关键因素，分布式属性的GreenPlum在关于复杂语句执行查询效率较高，原因在于，一是多节点同时进行计算（hash join、sort等），提升计算速度，且可以充分利用系统CPU资源；二是扫表时，将任务分派到多节点，减少了单个节点的IO次数，达到并行IO的目的，更适用于OLAP场景。

五.其他事项

1. 由于原生的TPC-H的测试用例不直接支持GreenPlum和PostgreSQL，因此需要修改测试脚本，生成新的建表语句如《附录一》所示，测试sql如《附录二》。

2. GreenPlum的数据导入可以使用GreenPlum自带的gpfdist工具，搭建多个gpfdsit文件服务器并行导入，但文件服务器的数量不能多于segment数量，这点官方文档并未说明。

附录一：建表语句

GreenPlum：
BEGIN;
        CREATE TABLE PART (
                P_PARTKEY               SERIAL8,
                P_NAME                  VARCHAR(55),
                P_MFGR                  CHAR(25),
                P_BRAND                 CHAR(10),
                P_TYPE                  VARCHAR(25),
                P_SIZE                  INTEGER,
                P_CONTAINER             CHAR(10),
                P_RETAILPRICE   DECIMAL,
                P_COMMENT               VARCHAR(23)
        ) with (APPENDONLY=true,BLOCKSIZE=2097152,ORIENTATION=COLUMN,CHECKSUM=true,OIDS=false) DISTRIBUTED BY (p_partkey);

        COPY part FROM ‘/tmp/dss-data/part.csv‘ WITH csv DELIMITER ‘|‘;

COMMIT;

BEGIN;

        CREATE TABLE REGION (
                R_REGIONKEY     SERIAL8,
                R_NAME          CHAR(25),
                R_COMMENT       VARCHAR(152)
        )  with (APPENDONLY=true,BLOCKSIZE=2097152,ORIENTATION=COLUMN,CHECKSUM=true,OIDS=false) DISTRIBUTED BY (r_regionkey);

        COPY region FROM ‘/tmp/dss-data/region.csv‘ WITH csv DELIMITER ‘|‘;

COMMIT;

BEGIN;

        CREATE TABLE NATION (
                N_NATIONKEY             SERIAL8,
                N_NAME                  CHAR(25),
                N_REGIONKEY             BIGINT NOT NULL,  -- references R_REGIONKEY
                N_COMMENT               VARCHAR(152)
        )  with (APPENDONLY=true,BLOCKSIZE=2097152,ORIENTATION=COLUMN,CHECKSUM=true,OIDS=false) DISTRIBUTED BY (n_nationkey);

        COPY nation FROM ‘/tmp/dss-data/nation.csv‘ WITH csv DELIMITER ‘|‘;

COMMIT;

BEGIN;

        CREATE TABLE SUPPLIER (
                S_SUPPKEY               SERIAL8,
                S_NAME                  CHAR(25),
                S_ADDRESS               VARCHAR(40),
                S_NATIONKEY             BIGINT NOT NULL, -- references N_NATIONKEY
                S_PHONE                 CHAR(15),
                S_ACCTBAL               DECIMAL,
                S_COMMENT               VARCHAR(101)
        )  with (APPENDONLY=true,BLOCKSIZE=2097152,ORIENTATION=COLUMN,CHECKSUM=true,OIDS=false) DISTRIBUTED BY (s_suppkey);

        COPY supplier FROM ‘/tmp/dss-data/supplier.csv‘ WITH csv DELIMITER ‘|‘;

COMMIT;

BEGIN;

        CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER (
                C_CUSTKEY               SERIAL8,
                C_NAME                  VARCHAR(25),
                C_ADDRESS               VARCHAR(40),
                C_NATIONKEY             BIGINT NOT NULL, -- references N_NATIONKEY
                C_PHONE                 CHAR(15),
                C_ACCTBAL               DECIMAL,
                C_MKTSEGMENT    CHAR(10),
                C_COMMENT               VARCHAR(117)
        )  with (APPENDONLY=true,BLOCKSIZE=2097152,ORIENTATION=COLUMN,CHECKSUM=true,OIDS=false) DISTRIBUTED BY (c_custkey);

        COPY customer FROM ‘/tmp/dss-data/customer.csv‘ WITH csv DELIMITER ‘|‘;

COMMIT;

BEGIN;

        CREATE TABLE PARTSUPP (
                PS_PARTKEY              BIGINT NOT NULL, -- references P_PARTKEY
                PS_SUPPKEY              BIGINT NOT NULL, -- references S_SUPPKEY
                PS_AVAILQTY             INTEGER,
                PS_SUPPLYCOST   DECIMAL,
                PS_COMMENT              VARCHAR(199)
        )  with (APPENDONLY=true,BLOCKSIZE=2097152,ORIENTATION=COLUMN,CHECKSUM=true,OIDS=false) DISTRIBUTED BY (ps_partkey,ps_suppkey);

        COPY partsupp FROM ‘/tmp/dss-data/partsupp.csv‘ WITH csv DELIMITER ‘|‘;

COMMIT;

BEGIN;

        CREATE TABLE ORDERS (
                O_ORDERKEY              SERIAL8,
                O_CUSTKEY               BIGINT NOT NULL, -- references C_CUSTKEY
                O_ORDERSTATUS   CHAR(1),
                O_TOTALPRICE    DECIMAL,
                O_ORDERDATE             DATE,
                O_ORDERPRIORITY CHAR(15),
                O_CLERK                 CHAR(15),
                O_SHIPPRIORITY  INTEGER,
                O_COMMENT               VARCHAR(79)
        )  with (APPENDONLY=true,BLOCKSIZE=2097152,ORIENTATION=COLUMN,CHECKSUM=true,OIDS=false) DISTRIBUTED BY (o_orderkey);

        COPY orders FROM ‘/tmp/dss-data/orders.csv‘ WITH csv DELIMITER ‘|‘;

COMMIT;

BEGIN;

        CREATE TABLE LINEITEM (
                L_ORDERKEY              BIGINT NOT NULL, -- references O_ORDERKEY
                L_PARTKEY               BIGINT NOT NULL, -- references P_PARTKEY (compound fk to PARTSUPP)
                L_SUPPKEY               BIGINT NOT NULL, -- references S_SUPPKEY (compound fk to PARTSUPP)
                L_LINENUMBER    INTEGER,
                L_QUANTITY              DECIMAL,
                L_EXTENDEDPRICE DECIMAL,
                L_DISCOUNT              DECIMAL,
                L_TAX                   DECIMAL,
                L_RETURNFLAG    CHAR(1),
                L_LINESTATUS    CHAR(1),
                L_SHIPDATE              DATE,
                L_COMMITDATE    DATE,
                L_RECEIPTDATE   DATE,
                L_SHIPINSTRUCT  CHAR(25),
                L_SHIPMODE              CHAR(10),
                L_COMMENT               VARCHAR(44)
        )  with (APPENDONLY=true,BLOCKSIZE=2097152,ORIENTATION=COLUMN,CHECKSUM=true,OIDS=false) DISTRIBUTED BY (l_orderkey, l_linenumber);

        COPY lineitem FROM ‘/tmp/dss-data/lineitem.csv‘ WITH csv DELIMITER ‘|‘;
COMMIT;

PostgreSQL:
BEGIN;

        CREATE TABLE PART (

                P_PARTKEY               SERIAL,
                P_NAME                  VARCHAR(55),
                P_MFGR                  CHAR(25),
                P_BRAND                 CHAR(10),
                P_TYPE                  VARCHAR(25),
                P_SIZE                  INTEGER,
                P_CONTAINER             CHAR(10),
                P_RETAILPRICE   DECIMAL,
                P_COMMENT               VARCHAR(23)
        );

        COPY part FROM ‘/tmp/dss-data-copy/part.csv‘ WITH csv DELIMITER ‘|‘;

COMMIT;

BEGIN;

        CREATE TABLE REGION (
                R_REGIONKEY     SERIAL,
                R_NAME          CHAR(25),
                R_COMMENT       VARCHAR(152)
        );

        COPY region FROM ‘/tmp/dss-data-copy/region.csv‘ WITH (FORMAT csv, DELIMITER ‘|‘);

COMMIT;

BEGIN;

        CREATE TABLE NATION (
                N_NATIONKEY             SERIAL,
                N_NAME                  CHAR(25),
                N_REGIONKEY             BIGINT NOT NULL,  -- references R_REGIONKEY
                N_COMMENT               VARCHAR(152)
        );

        COPY nation FROM ‘/tmp/dss-data-copy/nation.csv‘ WITH (FORMAT csv, DELIMITER ‘|‘);

COMMIT;

BEGIN;

        CREATE TABLE SUPPLIER (
                S_SUPPKEY               SERIAL,
                S_NAME                  CHAR(25),
                S_ADDRESS               VARCHAR(40),
                S_NATIONKEY             BIGINT NOT NULL, -- references N_NATIONKEY
                S_PHONE                 CHAR(15),
                S_ACCTBAL               DECIMAL,
                S_COMMENT               VARCHAR(101)
        );

        COPY supplier FROM ‘/tmp/dss-data-copy/supplier.csv‘ WITH (FORMAT csv, DELIMITER ‘|‘);

COMMIT;

BEGIN;

        CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER (
                C_CUSTKEY               SERIAL,
                C_NAME                  VARCHAR(25),
                C_ADDRESS               VARCHAR(40),
                C_NATIONKEY             BIGINT NOT NULL, -- references N_NATIONKEY
                C_PHONE                 CHAR(15),
                C_ACCTBAL               DECIMAL,
                C_MKTSEGMENT    CHAR(10),
                C_COMMENT               VARCHAR(117)
        );

        COPY customer FROM ‘/tmp/dss-data-copy/customer.csv‘ WITH (FORMAT csv, DELIMITER ‘|‘);

COMMIT;

BEGIN;

        CREATE TABLE PARTSUPP (
                PS_PARTKEY              BIGINT NOT NULL, -- references P_PARTKEY
                PS_SUPPKEY              BIGINT NOT NULL, -- references S_SUPPKEY
                PS_AVAILQTY             INTEGER,
                PS_SUPPLYCOST   DECIMAL,
                PS_COMMENT              VARCHAR(199)
        );

        COPY partsupp FROM ‘/tmp/dss-data-copy/partsupp.csv‘ WITH (FORMAT csv, DELIMITER ‘|‘);

COMMIT;

BEGIN;

        CREATE TABLE ORDERS (
                O_ORDERKEY              SERIAL,
                O_CUSTKEY               BIGINT NOT NULL, -- references C_CUSTKEY
                O_ORDERSTATUS   CHAR(1),
                O_TOTALPRICE    DECIMAL,
                O_ORDERDATE             DATE,
                O_ORDERPRIORITY CHAR(15),
                O_CLERK                 CHAR(15),
                O_SHIPPRIORITY  INTEGER,
                O_COMMENT               VARCHAR(79)
        );

        COPY orders FROM ‘/tmp/dss-data-copy/orders.csv‘ WITH (FORMAT csv, DELIMITER ‘|‘);

COMMIT;

BEGIN;

        CREATE TABLE LINEITEM (
                L_ORDERKEY              BIGINT NOT NULL, -- references O_ORDERKEY
                L_PARTKEY               BIGINT NOT NULL, -- references P_PARTKEY (compound fk to PARTSUPP)
                L_SUPPKEY               BIGINT NOT NULL, -- references S_SUPPKEY (compound fk to PARTSUPP)
                L_LINENUMBER    INTEGER,
                L_QUANTITY              DECIMAL,
                L_EXTENDEDPRICE DECIMAL,
                L_DISCOUNT              DECIMAL,
                L_TAX                   DECIMAL,
                L_RETURNFLAG    CHAR(1),
                L_LINESTATUS    CHAR(1),
                L_SHIPDATE              DATE,
                L_COMMITDATE    DATE,
                L_RECEIPTDATE   DATE,
                L_SHIPINSTRUCT  CHAR(25),
                L_SHIPMODE              CHAR(10),
                L_COMMENT               VARCHAR(44)
        );

        COPY lineitem FROM ‘/tmp/dss-data-copy/lineitem.csv‘ WITH (FORMAT csv, DELIMITER ‘|‘);

COMMIT;

附录二：查询语句

Q1:
-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG
select
        l_returnflag,
        l_linestatus,
        sum(l_quantity) as sum_qty,
        sum(l_extendedprice) as sum_base_price,
        sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as sum_disc_price,
        sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) * (1 + l_tax)) as sum_charge,
        avg(l_quantity) as avg_qty,
        avg(l_extendedprice) as avg_price,
        avg(l_discount) as avg_disc,
        count(*) as count_order
from
        lineitem
where
        l_shipdate <= date ‘1998-12-01‘ - interval ‘85‘ day
group by
        l_returnflag,
        l_linestatus
order by
        l_returnflag,
        l_linestatus
LIMIT 1;

Q2:
-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG


select
        s_acctbal,
        s_name,
        n_name,
        p_partkey,
        p_mfgr,
        s_address,
        s_phone,
        s_comment
from
        part,
        supplier,
        partsupp,
        nation,
        region
where
        p_partkey = ps_partkey
        and s_suppkey = ps_suppkey
        and p_size = 48
        and p_type like ‘%STEEL‘
        and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
        and n_regionkey = r_regionkey
        and r_name = ‘AFRICA‘
        and ps_supplycost = (
                select
                        min(ps_supplycost)
                from
                        partsupp,
                        supplier,
                        nation,
                        region
                where
                        p_partkey = ps_partkey
                        and s_suppkey = ps_suppkey
                        and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
                        and n_regionkey = r_regionkey
                        and r_name = ‘AFRICA‘
        )
order by
        s_acctbal desc,
        n_name,
        s_name,
        p_partkey
LIMIT 100;

Q3:
-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG


select
        l_orderkey,
        sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue,
        o_orderdate,
        o_shippriority
from
        customer,
        orders,
        lineitem
where
        c_mktsegment = ‘HOUSEHOLD‘
        and c_custkey = o_custkey
        and l_orderkey = o_orderkey
        and o_orderdate < date ‘1995-03-03‘
        and l_shipdate > date ‘1995-03-03‘
group by
        l_orderkey,
        o_orderdate,
        o_shippriority
order by
        revenue desc,
        o_orderdate
LIMIT 10;

Q4:
-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG

select
        o_orderpriority,
        count(*) as order_count
from
        orders
where
        o_orderdate >= date ‘1993-06-01‘
        and o_orderdate < date ‘1993-06-01‘ + interval ‘3‘ month
        and exists (
                select
                        *
                from
                        lineitem
                where
                        l_orderkey = o_orderkey
                        and l_commitdate < l_receiptdate
        )
group by
        o_orderpriority
order by
        o_orderpriority
LIMIT 1;

Q5:
-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG


select
        n_name,
        sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue
from
        customer,
        orders,
        lineitem,
        supplier,
        nation,
        region
where
        c_custkey = o_custkey
        and l_orderkey = o_orderkey
        and l_suppkey = s_suppkey
        and c_nationkey = s_nationkey
        and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
        and n_regionkey = r_regionkey
        and r_name = ‘AMERICA‘
        and o_orderdate >= date ‘1993-01-01‘
        and o_orderdate < date ‘1993-01-01‘ + interval ‘1‘ year
group by
        n_name
order by
        revenue desc
LIMIT 1;

Q6:
-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG


select
        sum(l_extendedprice * l_discount) as revenue
from
        lineitem
where
        l_shipdate >= date ‘1993-01-01‘
        and l_shipdate < date ‘1993-01-01‘ + interval ‘1‘ year
        and l_discount between 0.02 - 0.01 and 0.02 + 0.01
        and l_quantity < 24
LIMIT 1;

Q7:
-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG


select
        supp_nation,
        cust_nation,
        l_year,
        sum(volume) as revenue
from
        (
                select
                        n1.n_name as supp_nation,
                        n2.n_name as cust_nation,
                        extract(year from l_shipdate) as l_year,
                        l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) as volume
                from
                        supplier,
                        lineitem,
                        orders,
                        customer,
                        nation n1,
                        nation n2
                where
                        s_suppkey = l_suppkey
                        and o_orderkey = l_orderkey
                        and c_custkey = o_custkey
                        and s_nationkey = n1.n_nationkey
                        and c_nationkey = n2.n_nationkey
                        and (
                                (n1.n_name = ‘BRAZIL‘ and n2.n_name = ‘INDONESIA‘)
                                or (n1.n_name = ‘INDONESIA‘ and n2.n_name = ‘BRAZIL‘)
                        )
                        and l_shipdate between date ‘1995-01-01‘ and date ‘1996-12-31‘
        ) as shipping
group by
        supp_nation,
        cust_nation,
        l_year
order by
        supp_nation,
        cust_nation,
        l_year
LIMIT 1;

Q8:
-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG


select
        o_year,
        sum(case
                when nation = ‘INDONESIA‘ then volume
                else 0
        end) / sum(volume) as mkt_share
from
        (
                select
                        extract(year from o_orderdate) as o_year,
                        l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) as volume,
                        n2.n_name as nation
                from
                        part,
                        supplier,
                        lineitem,
                        orders,
                        customer,
                        nation n1,
                        nation n2,
                        region
                where
                        p_partkey = l_partkey
                        and s_suppkey = l_suppkey
                        and l_orderkey = o_orderkey
                        and o_custkey = c_custkey
                        and c_nationkey = n1.n_nationkey
                        and n1.n_regionkey = r_regionkey
                        and r_name = ‘ASIA‘
                        and s_nationkey = n2.n_nationkey
                        and o_orderdate between date ‘1995-01-01‘ and date ‘1996-12-31‘
                        and p_type = ‘ECONOMY BURNISHED BRASS‘
        ) as all_nations
group by
        o_year
order by
        o_year
LIMIT 1;

Q9:
-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG


select
        nation,
        o_year,
        sum(amount) as sum_profit
from
        (
                select
                        n_name as nation,
                        extract(year from o_orderdate) as o_year,
                        l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) - ps_supplycost * l_quantity as amount
                from
                        part,
                        supplier,
                        lineitem,
                        partsupp,
                        orders,
                        nation
                where
                        s_suppkey = l_suppkey
                        and ps_suppkey = l_suppkey
                        and ps_partkey = l_partkey
                        and p_partkey = l_partkey
                        and o_orderkey = l_orderkey
                        and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
                        and p_name like ‘%powder%‘
        ) as profit
group by
        nation,
        o_year
order by
        nation,
        o_year desc
LIMIT 1;-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG

Q10
select
        c_custkey,
        c_name,
        sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue,
        c_acctbal,
        n_name,
        c_address,
        c_phone,
        c_comment
from
        customer,
        orders,
        lineitem,
        nation
where
        c_custkey = o_custkey
        and l_orderkey = o_orderkey
        and o_orderdate >= date ‘1993-06-01‘
        and o_orderdate < date ‘1993-06-01‘ + interval ‘3‘ month
        and l_returnflag = ‘R‘
        and c_nationkey = n_nationkey
group by
        c_custkey,
        c_name,
        c_acctbal,
        c_phone,
        n_name,
        c_address,
        c_comment
order by
        revenue desc
LIMIT 20;

Q11
-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG


select
        ps_partkey,
        sum(ps_supplycost * ps_availqty) as value
from
        partsupp,
        supplier,
        nation
where
        ps_suppkey = s_suppkey
        and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
        and n_name = ‘PERU‘
group by
        ps_partkey having
                sum(ps_supplycost * ps_availqty) > (
                        select
                                sum(ps_supplycost * ps_availqty) * 0.0001000000
                        from
                                partsupp,
                                supplier,
                                nation
                        where
                                ps_suppkey = s_suppkey
                                and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
                                and n_name = ‘PERU‘
                )
order by
        value desc
LIMIT 1;-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG

Q12
select
        l_shipmode,
        sum(case
                when o_orderpriority = ‘1-URGENT‘
                        or o_orderpriority = ‘2-HIGH‘
                        then 1
                else 0
        end) as high_line_count,
        sum(case
                when o_orderpriority <> ‘1-URGENT‘
                        and o_orderpriority <> ‘2-HIGH‘
                        then 1
                else 0
        end) as low_line_count
from
        orders,
        lineitem
where
        o_orderkey = l_orderkey
        and l_shipmode in (‘REG AIR‘, ‘RAIL‘)
        and l_commitdate < l_receiptdate
        and l_shipdate < l_commitdate
        and l_receiptdate >= date ‘1993-01-01‘
        and l_receiptdate < date ‘1993-01-01‘ + interval ‘1‘ year
group by
        l_shipmode
order by
        l_shipmode
LIMIT 1;-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG

Q13
select
        c_count,
        count(*) as custdist
from
        (
                select
                        c_custkey,
                        count(o_orderkey)
                from
                        customer left outer join orders on
                                c_custkey = o_custkey
                                and o_comment not like ‘%pending%packages%‘
                group by
                        c_custkey
        ) as c_orders (c_custkey, c_count)
group by
        c_count
order by
        custdist desc,
        c_count desc

Q14
LIMIT 1;-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG


select
        100.00 * sum(case
                when p_type like ‘PROMO%‘
                        then l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)
                else 0
        end) / sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as promo_revenue
from
        lineitem,
        part
where
        l_partkey = p_partkey
        and l_shipdate >= date ‘1993-09-01‘
        and l_shipdate < date ‘1993-09-01‘ + interval ‘1‘ month
LIMIT 1;

Q15
-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG

create view revenue0 (supplier_no, total_revenue) as
        select
                l_suppkey,
                sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount))
        from
                lineitem
        where
                l_shipdate >= date ‘1994-11-01‘
                and l_shipdate < date ‘1994-11-01‘ + interval ‘3‘ month
        group by
                l_suppkey;


select
        s_suppkey,
        s_name,
        s_address,
        s_phone,
        total_revenue
from
        supplier,
        revenue0
where
        s_suppkey = supplier_no
        and total_revenue = (
                select
                        max(total_revenue)
                from
                        revenue0
        )
order by
        s_suppkey
LIMIT 1;

Q16
drop view revenue0;-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG


select
        p_brand,
        p_type,
        p_size,
        count(distinct ps_suppkey) as supplier_cnt
from
        partsupp,
        part
where
        p_partkey = ps_partkey
        and p_brand <> ‘Brand#22‘
        and p_type not like ‘STANDARD PLATED%‘
        and p_size in (34, 17, 18, 16, 15, 49, 1, 48)
        and ps_suppkey not in (
                select
                        s_suppkey
                from
                        supplier
                where
                        s_comment like ‘%Customer%Complaints%‘
        )
group by
        p_brand,
        p_type,
        p_size
order by
        supplier_cnt desc,
        p_brand,
        p_type,
        p_size
LIMIT 1;

Q17:
-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG
select
        sum(l_extendedprice) / 7.0 as avg_yearly
from
        lineitem,
        part,
        (SELECT l_partkey AS agg_partkey, 0.2 * avg(l_quantity) AS avg_quantity FROM lineitem GROUP BY l_partkey) part_agg
where
        p_partkey = l_partkey
        and agg_partkey = l_partkey
        and p_brand = ‘Brand#21‘
        and p_container = ‘JUMBO JAR‘
        and l_quantity < avg_quantity
LIMIT 1;

Q18
-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG
select
        c_name,
        c_custkey,
        o_orderkey,
        o_orderdate,
        o_totalprice,
        sum(l_quantity)
from
        customer,
        orders,
        lineitem
where
        o_orderkey in (
                select
                        l_orderkey
                from
                        lineitem
                group by
                        l_orderkey having
                                sum(l_quantity) > 312
        )
        and c_custkey = o_custkey
        and o_orderkey = l_orderkey
group by
        c_name,
        c_custkey,
        o_orderkey,
        o_orderdate,
        o_totalprice
order by
        o_totalprice desc,
        o_orderdate
LIMIT 100;-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG

Q19
select
        sum(l_extendedprice* (1 - l_discount)) as revenue
from
        lineitem,
        part
where
        (
                p_partkey = l_partkey
                and p_brand = ‘Brand#42‘
                and p_container in (‘SM CASE‘, ‘SM BOX‘, ‘SM PACK‘, ‘SM PKG‘)
                and l_quantity >= 7 and l_quantity <= 7 + 10
                and p_size between 1 and 5
                and l_shipmode in (‘AIR‘, ‘AIR REG‘)
                and l_shipinstruct = ‘DELIVER IN PERSON‘
        )
        or
        (
                p_partkey = l_partkey
                and p_brand = ‘Brand#22‘
                and p_container in (‘MED BAG‘, ‘MED BOX‘, ‘MED PKG‘, ‘MED PACK‘)
                and l_quantity >= 20 and l_quantity <= 20 + 10
                and p_size between 1 and 10
                and l_shipmode in (‘AIR‘, ‘AIR REG‘)
                and l_shipinstruct = ‘DELIVER IN PERSON‘
        )
        or
        (
                p_partkey = l_partkey
                and p_brand = ‘Brand#25‘
                and p_container in (‘LG CASE‘, ‘LG BOX‘, ‘LG PACK‘, ‘LG PKG‘)
                and l_quantity >= 21 and l_quantity <= 21 + 10
                and p_size between 1 and 15
                and l_shipmode in (‘AIR‘, ‘AIR REG‘)
                and l_shipinstruct = ‘DELIVER IN PERSON‘
        )
LIMIT 1;

Q20
-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG
select
        s_name,
        s_address
from
        supplier,
        nation
where
        s_suppkey in (
                select
                        ps_suppkey
                from
                        partsupp,
                        (
                                select
                                        l_partkey agg_partkey,
                                        l_suppkey agg_suppkey,
                                        0.5 * sum(l_quantity) AS agg_quantity
                                from
                                        lineitem
                                where
                                        l_shipdate >= date ‘1994-01-01‘
                                        and l_shipdate < date ‘1994-01-01‘ + interval ‘1‘ year
                                group by
                                        l_partkey,
                                        l_suppkey
                        ) agg_lineitem
                where
                        agg_partkey = ps_partkey
                        and agg_suppkey = ps_suppkey
                        and ps_partkey in (
                                select
                                        p_partkey
                                from
                                        part
                                where
                                        p_name like ‘forest%‘
                        )
                        and ps_availqty > agg_quantity
        )
        and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
        and n_name = ‘FRANCE‘
order by
        s_name
LIMIT 1;

Q21
-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG
select
        s_name,
        count(*) as numwait
from
        supplier,
        lineitem l1,
        orders,
        nation
where
        s_suppkey = l1.l_suppkey
        and o_orderkey = l1.l_orderkey
        and o_orderstatus = ‘F‘
        and l1.l_receiptdate > l1.l_commitdate
        and exists (
                select
                        *
                from
                        lineitem l2
                where
                        l2.l_orderkey = l1.l_orderkey
                        and l2.l_suppkey <> l1.l_suppkey
        )
        and not exists (
                select
                        *
                from
                        lineitem l3
                where
                        l3.l_orderkey = l1.l_orderkey
                        and l3.l_suppkey <> l1.l_suppkey
                        and l3.l_receiptdate > l3.l_commitdate
        )
        and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
        and n_name = ‘GERMANY‘
group by
        s_name
order by
        numwait desc,
        s_name
LIMIT 100;
Q22
-- using 1471398061 as a seed to the RNG
select
        cntrycode,
        count(*) as numcust,
        sum(c_acctbal) as totacctbal
from
        (
                select
                        substring(c_phone from 1 for 2) as cntrycode,
                        c_acctbal
                from
                        customer
                where
                        substring(c_phone from 1 for 2) in
                                (‘16‘, ‘10‘, ‘34‘, ‘26‘, ‘33‘, ‘18‘, ‘11‘)
                        and c_acctbal > (
                                select
                                        avg(c_acctbal)
                                from
                                        customer
                                where
                                        c_acctbal > 0.00
                                        and substring(c_phone from 1 for 2) in
                                                (‘16‘, ‘10‘, ‘34‘, ‘26‘, ‘33‘, ‘18‘, ‘11‘)
                        )
                        and not exists (
                                select
                                        *
                                from
                                        orders
                                where
                                        o_custkey = c_custkey
                        )
        ) as custsale
group by
        cntrycode
order by
        cntrycode
LIMIT 1;

GreenPlum简单性能测试与分析--续