上周，另一部门需要支援解决数字签名问题。但因为之前也没做过，现学现卖。此方面可参考的中文资料较少，特作分享，方便查阅。

        有关数字签名的概念、原理，这里就不做介绍了，请自行google或百度。

        利用证书对文件进行签名，从证书来源看，可分为两种：1、软证书：就是将*.pfx文件导入到系统中，这意味着，只要登录到PC中的用户，均可以使用该证书；2、硬证书：通常将证书存放到uKey中（smart card），这样的好处是，只有拥有usb key的人才有权限使用该证书。

        USB Key通常支持CryptToAPI——除非特殊安全需要，只公布使用自己的接口，不支持微软接口。由于使用CryptToAPI，使用起来较繁琐，微软提供了CAPICOM组件，方便开发。

        不论是硬证书或软证书，只要支持CryptToAPI接口，那么CAPICOM均可使用。为此本次内容以CAPICOM，作为数字签名功能的基础。

        动手之前，首先要熟悉数字签名的过程。通过分析，主要是两部分：数字签名（身份标识及防篡改）和数字信封；其实按业务流程，签名之前还有签章的过程（也就是通常的盖章）；过程大致如下：

      发送方

       1、验证证书是否准备好？（若是硬证书，usbkey是否已插入；判断证书是否有效）；

       2、对文件进行签名；

       3、对文件进行数字信封（公钥加密）；

       4、可选：填入CSP（加密服务提供商，通常是在USB Key当中）信息

        接收方：

      1、获取文件，读取CSP信息；

      2、依据CSP信息，获取相关证书并验证；

      3、利用证书进行数字解封；

      4、签名验证，确认身份及文件的完整性（是否被篡改）；

      依据以上分析，程序可这样设计，由于USB Key可能支持CAPICOM，也可能不支持，所以，后续可能会有相应由多种方法去执行签名。可提取接口，来解除这样的依赖。

      接口定义如下：

  IDigitalIntf = interface(IUNKNOWN)
  [‘{78657307-FD4A-452F-91FF-956379A7F654}‘]
    //验证设备
    function VerifyUserAvailable: Boolean;
    //签名与数字信封加密
    function Pack(const sInPath: string; const sOutPath: string; bOverride: Boolean): Boolean;    
    //数字信封解密与签名验证
    function Unpack(const sInPath: string; const sOutPath: string;
                        bCreateDirectory: Boolean): Boolean;
    //获取数字指纹                    
    function GetThumbPrint: string;
    //获取证书信息 
    function GetCertficateInfo(var ACertInfo: TStampInfo): Boolean;    
  end;

     CAPICOM实现类，构造如下：

  TDigital_CAPICOM = class(TInterfacedObject, IDigitalIntf)
  private
    FProviderName, FStoreName: string;

    function GetStoreByName(AStoreName: string): TStore;    
  protected
    FStoreList: TStringList;
    ICert: ICertificate;
    ICert2: ICertificate2;
    FPublicKey: string;//公钥
    FPKLength: Integer;//算法长度
    FAlgType: string; // 算法类型
    {----------------------方法定义-----------------------}
    //证书库操作
    function OpenStore(AStoreName: string): TStore;
    procedure CloseStore;
    //获取证书接口
    procedure GetCertificate;
    //执行文件签名
    function SignedFile(const AFileName: string;
      EncodeType: CAPICOM_ENCODING_TYPE): Boolean;
    //验证文件签名
    function VerifySign(const AFileName: string): Boolean;
    //附加签名信息
    function AppendSignedContent(const AFileName, ASignedContent: string): Boolean;
    //分解签名信息
    function ExtractSignedContent(const AFileName: string): string;
    {-----------------------------------------------------}
    {---------------------属性定义------------------------}
    //CSP提供商
    property ProviderName : string read FProviderName;
    //证书存放位置
    property StoreName : string read FStoreName;
    {-----------------------------------------------------}
  public
    function VerifyUserAvailable: Boolean;
    function Pack(const sInPath: string; const sOutPath: string; bOverride: Boolean): Boolean;
    function Unpack(const sInPath: string; const sOutPath: string;
                        bCreateDirectory: Boolean): Boolean;
    function GetThumbPrint: string;
    function GetCertficateInfo(var ACertInfo: TStampInfo): Boolean;

    constructor Create(const StoreName, ProviderName: string); virtual;
    destructor Destroy; override;
  end; 

其实现代码去除了关键信息：

function TDigital_CAPICOM.AppendSignedContent(const AFileName,
  ASignedContent: string): Boolean;
var
  msSrc, ms1: TMemoryStream;
  iLen: Integer;
  sSignedData, sLength: string;
  BDA: TByteDynArray;
begin
  if not FileExists(AFileName) then
    raise Exception.Create(‘文件"‘ + AFileName + ‘"不存在‘);
  //拼接签名信息  
  sLength := IntToStr(Length(ASignedContent));
  sLength := FillChars(sLength, HashString_Length);
  sSignedData := HYMSignature + sLength + ASignedContent;
  BDA:= String2Byte(sSignedData);
  iLen := Length(sSignedData);
  
  msSrc := TMemoryStream.Create;
  ms1 := TMemoryStream.Create;
  try
    msSrc.LoadFromFile(AFileName);
    ms1.Write(BDA[0], iLen); //写入文件头信息
    ms1.Write(msSrc.Memory^, msSrc.Size); //把文件内容附加上
    ms1.SaveToFile(AFileName);
  finally
    ms1.Free;
    msSrc.Free;
  end;
  Result := True;
end;

procedure TDigital_CAPICOM.CloseStore;
var
  vStore: TStore;
  iCnt: Integer; 
begin
  try
    for iCnt := 0 to FStoreList.Count - 1 do
    begin
      vStore := TStore(FStoreList.Objects[iCnt]);
      vStore.Disconnect;
    end;
  except
    raise Exception.Create(‘关闭密钥库失败！‘);
  end;
end;

constructor TDigital_CAPICOM.Create(const StoreName, ProviderName: string);
begin
  CoInitialize(nil);
  FProviderName:= ProviderName;
  FStoreName := StoreName;
  FStoreList:= TStringlist.create;
  GetCertificate;
end;

destructor TDigital_CAPICOM.Destroy;
begin
  FStoreList.Free;
  ICert := nil;
  ICert2:= nil;
  CoUninitialize;
  inherited;
end;

function TDigital_CAPICOM.ExtractSignedContent(
  const AFileName: string): string;
var
  fs: TFileStream;
  iHeadLen, iContentLen, iPos: Integer;
  sContentLength: string;
  ms: TMemoryStream;
  BDA_Head, BDA_Cont: TByteDynArray;
begin
  Result := ‘‘;
  if not FileExists(AFileName) then
    raise Exception.Create(‘文件"‘ + AFileName + ‘"不存在‘);  
  iHeadLen := Length(HYMSignature) + HashString_Length;
  SetLength(BDA_Head, iHeadLen);
  ms:= TMemoryStream.Create;
  ms.LoadFromFile(AFileName);
  fs := TFileStream.Create(AFileName, fmCreate);
  try
    ms.Position:= 0;
    ms.Read(BDA_Head[0], iHeadLen);
    sContentLength := Byte2String(BDA_Head); //含有长度信息
    iPos := Pos(HYMSignature, sContentLength);
    if iPos > 0 then
    begin
      //取得长度
      iContentLen := StrToInt(Copy(sContentLength, Length(HYMSignature) + 1, MaxInt));
      SetLength(BDA_Cont, iContentLen);
      ms.Read(BDA_Cont[0], iContentLen);
      Result := Byte2String(BDA_Cont);
      //该位置之后的内容为真正需要的
      fs.CopyFrom(ms, ms.Size - ms.Position); //读取文件内容去除文件头部分
      fs.Position := 0;
    end
  finally
    ms.Free;
    fs.Free;
  end;
end;

function TDigital_CAPICOM.GetCertficateInfo(
  var ACertInfo: TStampInfo): Boolean;
var
  iCnt: Integer;
begin
  Result := True;
  if ICert <> nil then
  begin
    ACertInfo.PKAlg := FAlgType;
    ACertInfo.PKLength := FPKLength;
    for iCnt := 0 to Length(FPublicKey) - 1 do
    begin
      ACertInfo.PKContent[iCnt] := FPublicKey[iCnt + 1];
    end;
    ACertInfo.EndDate:= ICert.ValidToDate;
    ACertInfo.DispachTime:= ICert.ValidFromDate;
  end
  else
    result:= False;
end;

procedure TDigital_CAPICOM.GetCertificate;
var
  vStore: TStore;
  iCnt: Integer;
  IBaseIntf: IInterface;
  ICert2Dsp: ICertificate2Disp;
begin
  if ICert2 = nil then
  begin
    vStore := OpenStore(FStoreName);
    for iCnt := 1 to vStore.Certificates.Count do
    begin
      IBaseIntf := vStore.Certificates.Item[iCnt];
      try
        if IBaseIntf.QueryInterface(ICertificate2Disp, ICert2Dsp) = 0
        then
        begin
          //确认硬件是否连接
          if ICert2Dsp.HasPrivateKey then
          begin
            //确认是否为指定CSP提供商
            if ((FProviderName = CSPProvider_ePass) and
                ((ICert2Dsp.PrivateKey.ProviderName = CSPProvider_ePass_1K) or
                 (ICert2Dsp.PrivateKey.ProviderName = CSPProvider_ePass_3K)))
               or (ICert2Dsp.PrivateKey.ProviderName = FProviderName)
            then
            begin
              IBaseIntf.QueryInterface(IID_ICertificate2, ICert2);
              IBaseIntf.QueryInterface(IID_ICertificate, ICert);
              FPublicKey:= ICert2Dsp.publickey.EncodedKey.Format(True);
              FPKLength:= ICert2Dsp.publickey.Length;
              FAlgType:= ICert2Dsp.publickey.Algorithm.FriendlyName;
            end;
          end;
        end;
      except
        //某些不支持CAPICOM的，会出现异常
        ICert2 := nil;
      end;
    end;
  end;
end;

function TDigital_CAPICOM.GetStoreByName(AStoreName: string): TStore;
var
  i: integer;
begin
  i := FStoreList.IndexOf(AStoreName);
  if i >= 0 then
    result := FStoreList.Objects[i] as Tstore
  else
    result := nil;
end;

function TDigital_CAPICOM.GetThumbPrint: string;
begin
  Result := ‘‘; 
  if ICert <> nil then
    Result := ICert.Thumbprint;
end;

function TDigital_CAPICOM.OpenStore(AStoreName: string): TStore;
var
  vStore: TStore;
begin
  vStore := self.GetStoreByName(AStoreName);
  if vStore = nil then 
  try
    vStore := TStore.Create(nil);
    //默认为从CurrenUser读取, 后续可能会是CAPICOM_SMART_CARD_USER_STORE 智能卡
    vStore.Open(CAPICOM_CURRENT_USER_STORE, AStoreName,
       CAPICOM_STORE_OPEN_MAXIMUM_ALLOWED or CAPICOM_STORE_OPEN_INCLUDE_ARCHIVED
       or CAPICOM_STORE_OPEN_EXISTING_ONLY);
    self.FStoreList.AddObject(AStoreName, vStore);
  except
   on E:exception do
    raise exception.Create(‘无法打开密钥库！‘+E.Message);
  end;
  Result := vStore;
end;

function TDigital_CAPICOM.Pack(const sInPath, sOutPath: string;
  bOverride: Boolean): Boolean;
var
  EnvelopedData: IEnvelopedData;
  BUFFER: WideString;
  FileStm: TFileStream;
  iP, oP: string;
begin
  ip:= StringReplace(sInPath, ‘\\‘, ‘\‘, [rfReplaceAll]);
  op:= StringReplace(sOutPath, ‘\\‘, ‘\‘, [rfReplaceAll]);
  Result := True;
  EnvelopedData := CoEnvelopedData.Create;
  //指定采用的CSP算法类型
  EnvelopedData.Algorithm.Name := Algorithm;
  //指定加密长度
  EnvelopedData.Algorithm.KeyLength := EnLength;
  try
    //获取证书接口
    GetCertificate;
    //目前sInPath是一个文件夹，先压缩，再解密
    Files2ZipArchive(ip, op, RZipPassWd);
    //执行签名
    SignedFile(op, CAPICOM_ENCODE_BASE64);
    //获取要加密的内容
    FileStm := TFileStream.Create(sOutPath, fmOpenRead);
    try
      Pointer(Buffer):= SysAllocStringByteLen (nil, FileStm.Size);
      FileStm.ReadBuffer(Pointer(Buffer)^, FileStm.Size);
      EnvelopedData.Content:= Buffer;
    finally
      FileStm.Free;
    end;
    //基于64位编码加密
    EnvelopedData.Recipients.Add(ICert2);
    Buffer:= EnvelopedData.Encrypt(CAPICOM_ENCODE_BASE64);
    //输出加密内容
    FileStm := TFileStream.Create(sOutPath, fmCreate);
    try
      FileStm.WriteBuffer(Pointer(Buffer)^, SysStringByteLen(PWideChar(Buffer)));
    finally
      FileStm.Free;
    end;
  except
    Result := False;
  end;
end;

function TDigital_CAPICOM.SignedFile(const AFileName: string;
  EncodeType: CAPICOM_ENCODING_TYPE): Boolean;
var
  Signer: ISigner2;
  SignedData: ISignedData;
  HashString: string;
  SignedContent: WideString;
begin
  Result := True;
  try
    GetCertificate;
    //获取文件哈希值
    HashString:= GetFileHash(AFileName);
    //构建 签名者
    Signer := CoSigner.Create;
    Signer.Certificate := ICert2;
    //构建 数据签名对象
    SignedData := CoSignedData.Create;
    //执行签名
    SignedData.Content:= HashString;
    SignedContent := SignedData.Sign(Signer, False, EncodeType);
    //附加签名信息
    AppendSignedContent(AFileName, SignedContent);
  except
    Result := False;
  end;
end;

function TDigital_CAPICOM.Unpack(const sInPath, sOutPath: string;
  bCreateDirectory: Boolean): Boolean;
var
  EnvelopedData: IEnvelopedData;
  BUFFER: WideString;
  FileStm: TFileStream;
  vDecryptFileName: string;
begin
  Result := True;
  EnvelopedData := CoEnvelopedData.Create;
  //指定采用的CSP算法类型
  EnvelopedData.Algorithm.Name := Algorithm;
  //指定加密长度
  EnvelopedData.Algorithm.KeyLength := EnLength;
  try
    //获取数字证书接口
    GetCertificate;
    //关联证书以解密
    EnvelopedData.Recipients.Add(ICert2);
    //获取加密内容
    FileStm := TFileStream.Create(sInPath, fmOpenRead );
    try
      Pointer(Buffer):= SysAllocStringByteLen (nil, FileStm.Size);
      FileStm.ReadBuffer(Pointer(Buffer)^, FileStm.Size);
    finally
      FileStm.Free;
    end;
    //解密
    EnvelopedData.Decrypt(Buffer);
    Buffer:= EnvelopedData.Content;
    //输出解密内容
    vDecryptFileName:= sOutPath + ExtractFileName(sInPath);
    FileStm := TFileStream.Create(vDecryptFileName, fmCreate);
    try
      FileStm.WriteBuffer(Pointer(Buffer)^, SysStringByteLen(PWideChar(Buffer)));
    finally
      FileStm.Free;
    end;
    //验证签名
    VerifySign(vDecryptFileName);
    //因为有压缩，再解压   ZipArchive2Files
    ZipArchive2Files(vDecryptFileName, sOutPath, RZipPassWd);
    DeleteFile(PAnsiChar(vDecryptFileName));
  except
    Result := False;
  end;
end;

function TDigital_CAPICOM.VerifySign(const AFileName: string): Boolean;
var
  SignedData: ISignedData;
  HashString: WideString;
  ASignedContent: string;
begin
  Result := True;
  try
    GetCertificate;
    //先获取签名信息，因为会做信息分离，还原出加上签名前的数据
    ASignedContent:= ExtractSignedContent(AFileName);
    //获取文件哈希值
    HashString:= GetFileHash(AFileName);
    //构建 数据签名对象
    SignedData := CoSignedData.Create;
    SignedData.Content := HashString;
    //执行检查
    SignedData.Verify(ASignedContent, False, CAPICOM_VERIFY_SIGNATURE_ONLY);
  except
    Result := False;
    Raise Exception.Create(‘数字签名校验失败！‘);
  end;
end;

function TDigital_CAPICOM.VerifyUserAvailable: Boolean;
begin
  Result := False;
  if (ICert2 <> nil) and ICert2.HasPrivateKey then
    Result:= True;
end;

        另外，还需要一个管理类，目的是解除依赖，这里就不说明了。

       功能的实现，通过google，不论你了解或不了解，都可以得到较多信息，帮助实现。更多的还是在于怎么去设计？怎么让后续的开发人员更容易维护？

        这里面有个与证书接口相关的问题，比如在GetCertificate，里面有判断PrivateKey，必须使用Disp接口，直接用ICertificate，会出现地址错误。具体原因，还待查证。有谁知道的，还请你指点指点。谢谢！