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IOs动画的那些事儿

CoreAnimation介绍

1:Core Animation是直接作用在CALayer上的(并非UIView上)非常强大的跨Mac OS X和iOS平台的动画处理API,Core Animation的动画执行过程都是在后台操作的,不会阻塞主线程。CAAnimation分为这4种,他们分别是:

  • CABasicAnimation---基本动画
  • CAKeyframeAnimation---关键帧动画
  • CAAnimationGroup---动画组
  • CATransition---转场动画

CABasicAnimation(基本动画)

属性说明:

keyPath :要改变的属性名称(传字符串)

fromValue:keyPath相应属性的初始值

toValue:keyPath相应属性的结束值

动画过程说明:

随着动画的进行,在长度为duration的持续时间内,keyPath相应属性的值从fromValue渐渐地变为toValue

keyPath内容是CALayer的动画Animatable属性

animationWithKeyPath的值:

transform.rotation.x 围绕x轴翻转 参数:角度 angle2Radian(4)

transform.rotation.y 围绕y轴翻转 参数:同上

transform.rotation.z 围绕z轴翻转 参数:同上

transform.rotation 默认围绕z轴

transform.scale.x x方向缩放 参数:缩放比例 1.5

transform.scale.y y方向缩放 参数:同上

transform.scale.z z方向缩放 参数:同上

transform.scale 所有方向缩放 参数:同上

transform.translation.x x方向移动 参数:x轴上的坐标 100

transform.translation.y x方向移动 参数:y轴上的坐标

transform.translation.z x方向移动 参数:z轴上的坐标

transform.translation 移动 参数:移动到的点 (100,100)

opacity 透明度 参数:透明度 0.5

backgroundColor 背景颜色 参数:颜色 (id)[[UIColor redColor] CGColor]

cornerRadius 圆角 参数:圆角半径 5

borderWidth 边框宽度 参数:边框宽度 5

bounds 大小 参数:CGRect

contents 内容 参数:CGImage

contentsRect 可视内容 参数:CGRect 值是0~1之间的小数

hidden 是否隐藏

实例:

CALayer *myLayer = [CALayer layer];    myLayer.backgroundColor = [UIColor purpleColor].CGColor;    myLayer.frame = CGRectMake(50, 100, 120, 120);    myLayer.cornerRadius = 10;    [self.view.layer addSublayer:myLayer];    //移动    CABasicAnimation *animation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];    animation.fromValue = http://www.mamicode.com/[NSValue valueWithCGPoint:myLayer.position];    animation.toValue = http://www.mamicode.com/[NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(myLayer.position.x+100, 100)];    //以X轴旋转    CABasicAnimation *rotationAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.rotation.x"];    rotationAnimation.fromValue = http://www.mamicode.com/[NSNumber numberWithFloat:0.0];    rotationAnimation.toValue = http://www.mamicode.com/[NSNumber numberWithFloat:6.0*M_PI];    //放大缩小    CABasicAnimation *scaleAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.scale.x"];    scaleAnimation.fromValue = http://www.mamicode.com/[NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.0];    scaleAnimation.toValue = http://www.mamicode.com/[NSNumber numberWithFloat:2]; //组合动画    CAAnimationGroup *group = [CAAnimationGroup animation];    group.autoreverses = YES;       //完成动画后同样反向也执行动画    group.duration = 2.0;           //动画时间    group.animations = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:animation,rotationAnimation,scaleAnimation, nil];    group.repeatCount = 3;    /**     *  PS:动画结束以后,他会返回到自己原来的frame,如果想保持动画结束时的状态     *  添加下面属性,并且此时要保证autoreverses属性为NO,另外组合动画的属性设     *  置同样也适用于单个动画的设置     *  group.removedOnCompletion = NO;     *  group.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;     */     //添加动画    [myLayer addAnimation:group forKey:@"MyLayerAnimation"];

 

 

CAKeyframeAnimation关键帧动画 
CABasicAnimation只能从一个数值(fromValue)变到另一个数值(toValue),而CAKeyframeAnimation会使用一个NSArray保存这些数值

属性说明:

values:上述的NSArray对象。里面的元素称为“关键帧”(keyframe)。动画对象会在指定的时间(duration)内,依次显示values数组中的每一个关键帧

path:可以设置一个CGPathRef、CGMutablePathRef,让图层按照路径轨迹移动。path只对CALayer的anchorPoint和position起作用。如果设置了path,那么values将被忽略

keyTimes:可以为对应的关键帧指定对应的时间点,其取值范围为0到1.0,keyTimes中的每一个时间值都对应values中的每一帧。如果没有设置keyTimes,各个关键帧的时间是平分的,CABasicAnimation可看做是只有2个关键帧的CAKeyframeAnimation。Timing Function的作用:

Timing Function的会被用于变化起点和终点之间的插值计算.形象点说是Timing Function决定了动画运行的节奏(Pacing),比如是均匀变化(相同时间变化量相同),先快后慢,先慢后快还是先慢再快再慢.

时间函数是使用的一段函数来描述的,横座标是时间t取值范围是0.0-1.0,纵座标是变化量x(t)也是取值范围也是0.0-1.0 假设有一个动画,duration是8秒,变化值的起点是a终点是b(假设是透明度),那么在4秒处的值是多少呢? 可以通过计算为 a + x(4/8) * (b-a), 为什么这么计算呢?讲实现的时间映射到单位值的时候4秒相对于总时间8秒就是0.5然后可以得到0.5的时候单位变化量是 x(0.5), x(0.5)/1 = 实际变化量/(b-a), 其中b-a为总变化量,所以实际变化量就是x(0.5) * (b-a) ,最后4秒时的值就是 a + x(0.5) * (b-a),所以计算的本质是映射.

五种预定义的时间函数名字的常量变量分别为

  • kCAMediaTimingFunctionLinear
  • kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseIn
  • kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseOut
  • kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut
  • kCAMediaTimingFunctionDefault

下图展示了前面四种Timing Function的曲线图,横座标表示时间,纵座标表示变化量,这点需要搞清楚(并不是平面座标系中xy).

技术分享

实例:分别使用属性values及path两种的效果;围绕的点视图块进行转动效果;

//values方式-(void)animationValues{    UIView *myView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(120, 350, 50, 50)];    myView.backgroundColor = [UIColor cyanColor];    [self.view addSubview:myView];    CAKeyframeAnimation *keyAnimation = [CAKeyframeAnimation animation];    keyAnimation.keyPath = @"position";    NSValue *value1 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(100, 100)];    NSValue *value2 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(200, 100)];    NSValue *value3 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(200, 200)];    NSValue *value4 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(100, 200)];    NSValue *value5 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(100, 100)];    keyAnimation.values = @[value1,value2,value3,value4,value5];    keyAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;      //循环次数    keyAnimation.removedOnCompletion = NO;    keyAnimation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;    keyAnimation.duration = 4.0;    keyAnimation.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionDefault];    keyAnimation.delegate = self;    [myView.layer addAnimation:keyAnimation forKey:nil];}//path方式-(void)animationPath{    UIView *myView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(120, 350, 50, 50)];    myView.backgroundColor = [UIColor purpleColor];    [self.view addSubview:myView];    CAKeyframeAnimation *animation = [CAKeyframeAnimation animation];    animation.keyPath = @"position";    CGMutablePathRef path=CGPathCreateMutable();    CGPathAddEllipseInRect(path, NULL, CGRectMake(50, 100, 220, 180));    animation.path=path;    CGPathRelease(path);    animation.repeatCount=MAXFLOAT;    animation.removedOnCompletion = NO;    animation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;    animation.duration = 4.0f;    animation.timingFunction=[CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut];    animation.delegate=self;    [myView.layer addAnimation:animation forKey:nil];}

 

CAAnimationGroup(动画组)

动画组,是CAAnimation的子类,可以保存一组动画对象,将CAAnimationGroup对象加入层后,组中所有动画对象可以同时并发运行

属性说明:

animations:用来保存一组动画对象的NSArray

默认情况下,一组动画对象是同时运行的,也可以通过设置动画对象的beginTime属性来更改动画的开始时间

实例:创建一组动画效果,多个动画一起

-(void)animationGroup{    UIView *myView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(120, 350, 50, 50)];    myView.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];    [self.view addSubview:myView];    //贝塞尔曲线路径    UIBezierPath *movePath = [UIBezierPath bezierPath];    [movePath moveToPoint:CGPointMake(50.0, 50.0)];    [movePath addQuadCurveToPoint:CGPointMake(130, 350) controlPoint:CGPointMake(300, 100)];    //关键帧动画(位置)    CAKeyframeAnimation * posAnim = [CAKeyframeAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];    posAnim.path = movePath.CGPath;    posAnim.removedOnCompletion = YES;    //缩放动画    CABasicAnimation *scaleAnim = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform"];    scaleAnim.fromValue = http://www.mamicode.com/[NSValue valueWithCATransform3D:CATransform3DIdentity];"hljs-variable">.toValue = http://www.mamicode.com/[NSValue valueWithCATransform3D:CATransform3DMakeScale(0.1, 0.1, 1.0)];    scaleAnim.removedOnCompletion = YES;    //透明动画    CABasicAnimation *opacityAnim = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"alpha"];    opacityAnim.fromValue = http://www.mamicode.com/[NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.0];    opacityAnim.toValue = http://www.mamicode.com/[NSNumber numberWithFloat:0.1];    opacityAnim.removedOnCompletion = YES;    //动画组    CAAnimationGroup *animGroup = [CAAnimationGroup animation];    animGroup.animations = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:posAnim, scaleAnim, opacityAnim, nil];    animGroup.duration = 5;    animGroup.autoreverses = NO;    animGroup.removedOnCompletion = NO;    animGroup.fillMode = kCAFillModeRemoved;    [myView.layer addAnimation:animGroup forKey:nil];}

 


//=+=================================================

CATransition(转场动画)动画属性:type:动画过渡类型subtype:动画过渡方向startProgress:动画起点(在整体动画的百分比)endProgress:动画终点(在整体动画的百分比)subtype:动画过渡方向(默认为nil,如果指定了filter,那么该属性无效,kCATransitionFromRight,kCATransitionFromLeft,kCATransitionFromTop,kCATransitionFromBottom;分别表示:过渡从右边、左边、顶部、底部 开始)转场动画的类型(NSString *type),还有很多私有API类型fade : 交叉淡化过渡push : 新视图把旧视图推出去moveIn: 新视图移到旧视图上面reveal: 将旧视图移开,显示下面的新视图cube : 立方体翻滚效果oglFlip : 上下左右翻转效果suckEffect : 收缩效果,如一块布被抽走rippleEffect: 水滴效果pageCurl : 向上翻页效果pageUnCurl : 向下翻页效果cameraIrisHollowOpen : 相机镜头打开效果cameraIrisHollowClos : 相机镜头关闭效果实例:两个动画效果,一个向上运动,一个向下运动的效果//从下往上运动-(void)animationTransition{    //y点就是当要运动后到的Y值    UIView *myView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, self.view.bounds.size.height-250, self.view.bounds.size.width, 250)];    myView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];    [self.view addSubview:myView];    CATransition *animation = [CATransition animation];    animation.duration = 1;    animation.timingFunction = UIViewAnimationCurveEaseInOut;    animation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;    animation.type = kCATransitionMoveIn;    animation.subtype = kCATransitionFromLeft;    //添加动画    [myView.layer addAnimation:animation forKey:nil];}//从上往下运动-(void)animationPushTransition{    //y点就是当要运动后到的Y值    UIView *myView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, self.view.bounds.size.height, self.view.bounds.size.width, 250)];    myView.backgroundColor = [UIColor orangeColor];    [self.view addSubview:myView];    CATransition *animation = [CATransition animation];    animation.duration = 4.0;    animation.timingFunction = UIViewAnimationCurveEaseInOut;    animation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;    animation.type = kCATransitionPush;    animation.subtype = kCATransitionFromBottom;    //添加动画    [myView.layer addAnimation:animation forKey:nil];}

 



#import
"ViewController.h" @interface ViewController () - (IBAction)previous; - (IBAction)next; @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *iconView; /** * 当前图片的索引 */ @property (nonatomic, assign) int index; @end @implementation ViewController - (IBAction)previous{ self.index--; if (self.index == -1){ self.index = 8; } NSString *filename = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.jpg", self.index + 1]; self.iconView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:filename]; CATransition *anim = [CATransition animation]; anim.type = @"cube"; // anim.subtype = kCATransitionFromLeft; // anim.type = @"pageUnCurl"; anim.duration = 0.5; [self.view.layer addAnimation:anim forKey:nil]; } - (IBAction)next { self.index++; if (self.index == 9) { self.index = 0; } NSString *filename = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.jpg", self.index + 1]; self.iconView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:filename]; // 转场动画 两个界面之间的过渡动画 CATransition *anim = [CATransition animation]; anim.type = @"pageCurl"; /* Common transition subtypes. CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCATransitionFromRight __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING (__MAC_10_5, __IPHONE_2_0); CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCATransitionFromLeft __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING (__MAC_10_5, __IPHONE_2_0); CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCATransitionFromTop __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING (__MAC_10_5, __IPHONE_2_0); CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCATransitionFromBottom __OSX_AVAILABLE_STARTING (__MAC_10_5, __IPHONE_2_0);*/ // anim.subtype = kCATransitionFromRight; //方向 anim.duration = 0.5; // anim.startProgress = 0.0; // // anim.endProgress = 0.5; [self.view.layer addAnimation:anim forKey:nil]; } /*********************************************************/ /* 过渡效果 fade //交叉淡化过渡(不支持过渡方向) kCATransitionFade push //新视图把旧视图推出去 kCATransitionPush moveIn //新视图移到旧视图上面 kCATransitionMoveIn reveal //将旧视图移开,显示下面的新视图 kCATransitionReveal cube //立方体翻滚效果 oglFlip //上下左右翻转效果 suckEffect //收缩效果,如一块布被抽走(不支持过渡方向) rippleEffect //滴水效果(不支持过渡方向) pageCurl //向上翻页效果 pageUnCurl //向下翻页效果 cameraIrisHollowOpen //相机镜头打开效果(不支持过渡方向) cameraIrisHollowClose //相机镜头关上效果(不支持过渡方向) */ /* 过渡方向 kCATransitionFromRight kCATransitionFromLeft kCATransitionFromBottom kCATransitionFromTop*/ /** CATransition的使用 CATransition *anim = [CATransition animation]; anim.type = @“cube”; // 动画过渡类型 anim.subtype = kCATransitionFromTop; // 动画过渡方向 anim.duration = 1; // 动画持续1s // 代理,动画执行完毕后会调用delegate的animationDidStop:finished: anim.delegate = self; /*******中间穿插改变layer属性的代码 [layer addAnimation:anim forKey:nil]; **********/ /*********************************************************/ @end

 

IOs动画的那些事儿