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使用python处理文件

想做一些简单的文件操作,用java太重量级,python是一个不错的选择。

有一个需求是将一个文件夹中所有的文件的内容提取出来分别填入excel的一个单元格中,

用os就可以对文件进行遍历,读文件信息

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import os
# Get the all files & directories in the specified directory (path). 
def get_recursive_file_list(path): 
    current_files = os.listdir(path) 
    all_files = [] 
    for file_name in current_files: 
        full_file_name = os.path.join(path, file_name) 
        all_files.append(full_file_name) 
   
        if os.path.isdir(full_file_name): 
            next_level_files = get_recursive_file_list(full_file_name) 
            all_files.extend(next_level_files) 
   
    return all_files 
 
all_files=get_recursive_file_list(‘C:\Users\green_pasture\Desktop\korea\key_words‘)
for filename in all_files:
    print filename
    f1=open(filename,‘r+‘)
    for line1 in f1:
      print "\n"
          print line1,
    f1.close

  但是遇到一个问题,IndentationError:unindent does not match any outer indentation level,于是去查找了一下python的indentation:

http://www.secnetix.de/olli/Python/block_indentation.hawk

“关于python缩进的迷思”中说道:只有缩进层(即语句最左边)的空格是有意义的,并且跟缩进的确切数目无关,只和代码块的相对缩进有关。

同时,在你使用显式或者隐式的continue line时缩进会被忽略。

你可以把内层的代码同时写在一行,用分号隔开。如果要将他们写到不同的行,那么python会强制你使用它的indentation规则。在python中,缩进的层次和代码的逻辑结构是一致的。

不要把tab和space混在一起,通常,tab可以自动用8个空格来代替。

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import os
# Get the all files & directories in the specified directory (path). 
def get_recursive_file_list(path): 
    current_files = os.listdir(path) 
    all_files = [] 
    for file_name in current_files: 
        full_file_name = os.path.join(path, file_name) 
        all_files.append(full_file_name) 
   
        if os.path.isdir(full_file_name): 
            next_level_files = get_recursive_file_list(full_file_name) 
            all_files.extend(next_level_files) 
   
    return all_files 
 
all_files=get_recursive_file_list(‘C:\Users\green_pasture\Desktop\korea\key_words‘)
for filename in all_files:
    print filename
    f1=open(filename,‘r+‘)
    for line1 in f1:        print line1,

  我将for里面的语句跟for写在了同一行,程序没有错误了。

接着我要把打印出来的文件内容写入到excel单元格当中。

可以使用xlsxWriter https://xlsxwriter.readthedocs.org/

 xlwt http://www.python-excel.org/

openpyxl http://pythonhosted.org/openpyxl/

xlsxWriter文档挺全,就考虑用这个

samplecode是:

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##############################################################################
#
# A simple example of some of the features of the XlsxWriter Python module.
#
# Copyright 2013-2014, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org
#
import xlsxwriter
 
 
# Create an new Excel file and add a worksheet.
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(‘demo.xlsx‘)
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
 
# Widen the first column to make the text clearer.
worksheet.set_column(‘A:A‘, 20)
 
# Add a bold format to use to highlight cells.
bold = workbook.add_format({‘bold‘: True})
 
# Write some simple text.
worksheet.write(‘A1‘, ‘Hello‘)
 
# Text with formatting.
worksheet.write(‘A2‘, ‘World‘, bold)
 
# Write some numbers, with row/column notation.
worksheet.write(2, 0, 123)
worksheet.write(3, 0, 123.456)
 
# Insert an image.
worksheet.insert_image(‘B5‘, ‘logo.png‘)
 
workbook.close()

  如何安装呢?可以使用pip installer,我的python目录下C:\Python33\Scripts已经有pip.exe,把当前路径设置到path环境变量,在命令行执行pip install XlsxWriter

出现了错误:

Fatal error in launcher: Unable to create process using C:\Python33\Scripts\pip.exe install XlsxWriter。

改用从github下载,

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$ git clone https://github.com/jmcnamara/XlsxWriter.git
 
$ cd XlsxWriter
$ sudo python setup.py install

  创建了一个测试程序:

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import xlsxwriter
 
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(‘hello.xlsx‘)
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
 
worksheet.write(‘A1‘, ‘Hello world‘)
 
workbook.close()

  测试成功。

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import os
import xlsxwriter
# Get the all files & directories in the specified directory (path). 
def get_recursive_file_list(path): 
    current_files = os.listdir(path) 
    all_files = [] 
    for file_name in current_files: 
        full_file_name = os.path.join(path, file_name) 
        all_files.append(full_file_name) 
   
        if os.path.isdir(full_file_name): 
            next_level_files = get_recursive_file_list(full_file_name) 
            all_files.extend(next_level_files) 
   
    return all_files 
 
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(‘keywords.xlsx‘)
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
 
all_files=get_recursive_file_list(‘C:\Users\green_pasture\Desktop\korea\key_words‘)
row=0
for filename in all_files:
    print filename
    f1=open(filename,‘r+‘)
    keywords=""
    list=[]
    a="\n"
    for line in f1:     list.append(line),
    keywords=a.join(list)
    print keywords
    worksheet.write(row,0, filename)
    worksheet.write(row,1,keywords.decode("utf-8"))
    row=row+1
workbook.close()