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使用python处理文件
想做一些简单的文件操作,用java太重量级,python是一个不错的选择。
有一个需求是将一个文件夹中所有的文件的内容提取出来分别填入excel的一个单元格中,
用os就可以对文件进行遍历,读文件信息
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 | import os # Get the all files & directories in the specified directory (path). def get_recursive_file_list(path): current_files = os.listdir(path) all_files = [] for file_name in current_files: full_file_name = os.path.join(path, file_name) all_files.append(full_file_name) if os.path.isdir(full_file_name): next_level_files = get_recursive_file_list(full_file_name) all_files.extend(next_level_files) return all_files all_files = get_recursive_file_list( ‘C:\Users\green_pasture\Desktop\korea\key_words‘ ) for filename in all_files: print filename f1 = open (filename, ‘r+‘ ) for line1 in f1: print "\n" print line1, f1.close |
但是遇到一个问题,IndentationError:unindent does not match any outer indentation level,于是去查找了一下python的indentation:
http://www.secnetix.de/olli/Python/block_indentation.hawk
“关于python缩进的迷思”中说道:只有缩进层(即语句最左边)的空格是有意义的,并且跟缩进的确切数目无关,只和代码块的相对缩进有关。
同时,在你使用显式或者隐式的continue line时缩进会被忽略。
你可以把内层的代码同时写在一行,用分号隔开。如果要将他们写到不同的行,那么python会强制你使用它的indentation规则。在python中,缩进的层次和代码的逻辑结构是一致的。
不要把tab和space混在一起,通常,tab可以自动用8个空格来代替。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | import os # Get the all files & directories in the specified directory (path). def get_recursive_file_list(path): current_files = os.listdir(path) all_files = [] for file_name in current_files: full_file_name = os.path.join(path, file_name) all_files.append(full_file_name) if os.path.isdir(full_file_name): next_level_files = get_recursive_file_list(full_file_name) all_files.extend(next_level_files) return all_files all_files = get_recursive_file_list( ‘C:\Users\green_pasture\Desktop\korea\key_words‘ ) for filename in all_files: print filename f1 = open (filename, ‘r+‘ ) for line1 in f1: print line1, |
我将for里面的语句跟for写在了同一行,程序没有错误了。
接着我要把打印出来的文件内容写入到excel单元格当中。
可以使用xlsxWriter https://xlsxwriter.readthedocs.org/
xlwt http://www.python-excel.org/
openpyxl http://pythonhosted.org/openpyxl/
xlsxWriter文档挺全,就考虑用这个
samplecode是:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 | ############################################################################## # # A simple example of some of the features of the XlsxWriter Python module. # # Copyright 2013-2014, John McNamara, jmcnamara@cpan.org # import xlsxwriter # Create an new Excel file and add a worksheet. workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook( ‘demo.xlsx‘ ) worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() # Widen the first column to make the text clearer. worksheet.set_column( ‘A:A‘ , 20 ) # Add a bold format to use to highlight cells. bold = workbook.add_format({ ‘bold‘ : True }) # Write some simple text. worksheet.write( ‘A1‘ , ‘Hello‘ ) # Text with formatting. worksheet.write( ‘A2‘ , ‘World‘ , bold) # Write some numbers, with row/column notation. worksheet.write( 2 , 0 , 123 ) worksheet.write( 3 , 0 , 123.456 ) # Insert an image. worksheet.insert_image( ‘B5‘ , ‘logo.png‘ ) workbook.close() |
如何安装呢?可以使用pip installer,我的python目录下C:\Python33\Scripts已经有pip.exe,把当前路径设置到path环境变量,在命令行执行pip install XlsxWriter
出现了错误:
Fatal error in launcher: Unable to create process using C:\Python33\Scripts\pip.exe install XlsxWriter。
改用从github下载,
1 2 3 4 | $ git clone https: / / github.com / jmcnamara / XlsxWriter.git $ cd XlsxWriter $ sudo python setup.py install |
创建了一个测试程序:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | import xlsxwriter workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook( ‘hello.xlsx‘ ) worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() worksheet.write( ‘A1‘ , ‘Hello world‘ ) workbook.close() |
测试成功。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 | import os import xlsxwriter # Get the all files & directories in the specified directory (path). def get_recursive_file_list(path): current_files = os.listdir(path) all_files = [] for file_name in current_files: full_file_name = os.path.join(path, file_name) all_files.append(full_file_name) if os.path.isdir(full_file_name): next_level_files = get_recursive_file_list(full_file_name) all_files.extend(next_level_files) return all_files workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook( ‘keywords.xlsx‘ ) worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() all_files = get_recursive_file_list( ‘C:\Users\green_pasture\Desktop\korea\key_words‘ ) row = 0 for filename in all_files: print filename f1 = open (filename, ‘r+‘ ) keywords = "" list = [] a = "\n" for line in f1: list .append(line), keywords = a.join( list ) print keywords worksheet.write(row, 0 , filename) worksheet.write(row, 1 ,keywords.decode( "utf-8" )) row = row + 1 workbook.close() |