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linux yum 用本地光盘做源安装perl
参考：http://hi.baidu.com/pengduo66/item/abfe454f81cdb7e5a4c06675
场景说明：选择最小化安装linux操作系统，没有安装perl工具。由于网络的故障问题，无法使用yum install perl 从网上安装perl,目前只有原版的安装光盘。于是尝试使用本地的光盘作为安装源。
步骤1：创建光盘挂载点
mkdir /iso
步骤2：挂载光盘镜像
mount -o loop /CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /iso
步骤3：设置/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo,基本原理指定光盘的挂载点
# CentOS-Media.repo
#说明，这个源能够使用挂载的DVD源，指定一个挂载点。可以使用这个源，利用yum
#直接从光盘镜像中安装软件
# This repo can be used with mounted DVD media, verify the mount point for
# CentOS-6. You can use this repo and yum to install items directly off the
# DVD ISO that we release.
#说明：为了使用这个源，必须接上DVD，同时使用如下的指令：
#yum --enablerepo=c6-media install XXXX
# To use this repo, put in your DVD and use it with the other repos too:
# yum --enablerepo=c6-media [command]
#说明：如果你只想或者只能够使用媒体安装源，必须使用如下的命令：
#yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c6-media install perl
# or for ONLY the media repo, do this:
#
# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c6-media [command]
[c6-media]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
###################修改的语句#######################
baseurl=file:///iso/
###########指定光盘的挂载点#########################
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
保存退出。
步骤4：yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c6-media install perl
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
c6-media | 4.0 kB 00:00 ...
c6-media/primary_db | 4.4 MB 00:00 ...
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl.x86_64 4:5.10.1-136.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl-libs = 4:5.10.1-136.el6 for package: 4:perl-5.10.1-136.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl-libs for package: 4:perl-5.10.1-136.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(version) for package: 4:perl-5.10.1-136.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Simple) for package: 4:perl-5.10.1-136.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Module::Pluggable) for package: 4:perl-5.10.1-136.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libperl.so()(64bit) for package: 4:perl-5.10.1-136.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Module-Pluggable.x86_64 1:3.90-136.el6 will be installed
---> Package perl-Pod-Simple.x86_64 1:3.13-136.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Escapes) >= 1.04 for package: 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.13-136.el6.x86_64
---> Package perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.10.1-136.el6 will be installed
---> Package perl-version.x86_64 3:0.77-136.el6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Pod-Escapes.x86_64 1:1.04-136.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
perl x86_64 4:5.10.1-136.el6 c6-media 10 M
Installing for dependencies:
perl-Module-Pluggable x86_64 1:3.90-136.el6 c6-media 40 k
perl-Pod-Escapes x86_64 1:1.04-136.el6 c6-media 32 k
perl-Pod-Simple x86_64 1:3.13-136.el6 c6-media 212 k
perl-libs x86_64 4:5.10.1-136.el6 c6-media 578 k
perl-version x86_64 3:0.77-136.el6 c6-media 51 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 6 Package(s)
Total download size: 11 M
Installed size: 36 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 20 MB/s | 11 MB 00:00
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
Importing GPG key 0xC105B9DE:
Userid : CentOS-6 Key (CentOS 6 Official Signing Key) <centos-6-key@centos.org>
Package: centos-release-6-5.el6.centos.11.1.x86_64 (@anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5)
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
Installing : 1:perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-136.el6.x86_64 1/6
Installing : 4:perl-libs-5.10.1-136.el6.x86_64 2/6
Installing : 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.13-136.el6.x86_64 3/6
Installing : 3:perl-version-0.77-136.el6.x86_64 4/6
Installing : 1:perl-Module-Pluggable-3.90-136.el6.x86_64 5/6
Installing : 4:perl-5.10.1-136.el6.x86_64 6/6
Verifying : 1:perl-Module-Pluggable-3.90-136.el6.x86_64 1/6
Verifying : 1:perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-136.el6.x86_64 2/6
Verifying : 4:perl-5.10.1-136.el6.x86_64 3/6
Verifying : 4:perl-libs-5.10.1-136.el6.x86_64 4/6
Verifying : 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.13-136.el6.x86_64 5/6
Verifying : 3:perl-version-0.77-136.el6.x86_64 6/6
Installed:
perl.x86_64 4:5.10.1-136.el6
Dependency Installed:
perl-Module-Pluggable.x86_64 1:3.90-136.el6
perl-Pod-Escapes.x86_64 1:1.04-136.el6
perl-Pod-Simple.x86_64 1:3.13-136.el6
perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.10.1-136.el6
perl-version.x86_64 3:0.77-136.el6
Complete!
步骤5：详细说明和参考文档的不同
参考文档使用的是：c5-media 而我们使用的是c6-media，因为使用centos6.4版本。
在使用yum进行install时，经常会出现下面的错误
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1ac70ce6
导致安装不能进行。解决方法如下：
[root@localhost CentOS]# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
[root@localhost CentOS]# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-beta