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Excel操作 Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll的使用
先说说题外话，前段时间近一个月，我一直在做单据导入功能，其中就涉及到Excel操作，接触Excel后发现他的api说明并不多，好在网上有很多朋友贴出了一些代码，我在不断的挫折中吸取了很多教训，现共享出来，给大家参考。
1. 最好在客户端使用，不要在B/S服务端使用，因为会受到IIS权限和占用内存影响，多人并发操作必然完蛋
2. 需要引入两个DLL,Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll和office.dll,在加上项目的时候，会报错“类型“Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.ApplicationClass” 未定义构造函数无法嵌入互操作类型“Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.ApplicationClass”。请改用适用的接口。”，这时只需要将将引用的DLL：Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;的嵌入互操作类型改为false,就可以了
3. 注意Excel中sheetindex, rowindex,columnindex都是从1开始的
4. 理清Excel里面的对象（Application、Workbook、Worksheet、Range），其中Range包含行和列还有单元格，很多方法都是弱类型object，需要拆箱和装箱操作，循环读取效率并不高，所以我在读取大批量数据Excel时，采用的方式是将Excel调用另存为csv文件，再通过文本操作字符串的方式解析csv文件，读取每一行，实践证明，这样的效率比较高。解析csv文件在附件可以供大家下载
5. 客户端必须正确安装office2003或office2007，如果是安装的wps系列的，需卸载后再重新安装office
这里我贴出我封装Excel的操作类，希望能对大家有所帮助，欢迎大家指正：
/// <summary> /// author by :ljun /// Excel工具类，目前仅支持一个工作薄的操作 /// </summary> public class ExcelHelper : IDisposable { #region 构造函数 /// <summary> /// 构造函数，将一个已有Excel工作簿作为模板，并指定输出路径 /// </summary> /// <param name="templetFilePath">Excel模板文件路径</param> /// <param name="outputFilePath">输出Excel文件路径</param> public ExcelHelper(string templetFilePath, string outputFilePath) { if (templetFilePath == null) throw new Exception("Excel模板文件路径不能为空！"); if (outputFilePath == null) throw new Exception("输出Excel文件路径不能为空！"); if (!File.Exists(templetFilePath)) throw new Exception("指定路径的Excel模板文件不存在！"); this.templetFile = templetFilePath; this.outputFile = outputFilePath; excelApp = new Excel.ApplicationClass(); excelApp.Visible = false; excelApp.DisplayAlerts = false; //是否需要显示提示 excelApp.AlertBeforeOverwriting = false; //是否弹出提示覆盖 //打开模板文件，得到WorkBook对象 workBook = excelApp.Workbooks.Open(templetFile, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); //得到WorkSheet对象 workSheet = (Excel.Worksheet)workBook.Sheets.get_Item(1); } /// <summary> /// 构造函数，新建一个工作簿 /// </summary> public ExcelHelper() { excelApp = new Excel.ApplicationClass(); excelApp.Visible = false; //设置禁止弹出保存和覆盖的询问提示框 excelApp.DisplayAlerts = false; excelApp.AlertBeforeOverwriting = false; //新建一个WorkBook workBook = excelApp.Workbooks.Add(Type.Missing); //得到WorkSheet对象 workSheet = (Excel.Worksheet)workBook.Sheets.get_Item(1); } #endregion #region 私有变量 private string templetFile = null; private string outputFile = null; private object missing = System.Reflection.Missing.Value; private Excel.Application excelApp; private Excel.Workbook workBook; private Excel.Worksheet workSheet; private Excel.Range range; private Excel.Range range1; private Excel.Range range2; #endregion #region 公共属性 /// <summary> /// WorkSheet数量 /// </summary> public int WorkSheetCount { get { return workBook.Sheets.Count; } } /// <summary> /// Excel模板文件路径 /// </summary> public string TempletFilePath { set { this.templetFile = value; } } /// <summary> /// 输出Excel文件路径 /// </summary> public string OutputFilePath { set { this.outputFile = value; } } #endregion #region 批量写入Excel内容 /// <summary> /// 将二维数组数据写入Excel文件 /// </summary> /// <param name="arr">二维数组</param> /// <param name="top">行索引</param> /// <param name="left">列索引</param> public void ArrayToExcel(object[,] arr, int top, int left) { int rowCount = arr.GetLength(0); //二维数组行数（一维长度） int colCount = arr.GetLength(1); //二维数据列数（二维长度） range = (Excel.Range)workSheet.Cells[top, left]; range = range.get_Resize(rowCount, colCount); range.FormulaArray = arr; } #endregion #region 行操作 /// <summary> /// 插行（在指定行上面插入指定数量行） /// </summary> /// <param name="rowIndex"></param> /// <param name="count"></param> public void InsertRows(int rowIndex, int count) { try { range = (Excel.Range)workSheet.Rows[rowIndex, this.missing]; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { range.Insert(Excel.XlDirection.xlDown, missing); } } catch (Exception e) { this.KillExcelProcess(false); throw e; } } /// <summary> /// 复制行（在指定行下面复制指定数量行） /// </summary> /// <param name="rowIndex"></param> /// <param name="count"></param> public void CopyRows(int rowIndex, int count) { try { range1 = (Excel.Range)workSheet.Rows[rowIndex, this.missing]; for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) { range2 = (Excel.Range)workSheet.Rows[rowIndex + i, this.missing]; range1.Copy(range2); } } catch (Exception e) { this.KillExcelProcess(false); throw e; } } /// <summary> /// 删除行 /// </summary> /// <param name="sheetIndex"></param> /// <param name="rowIndex"></param> /// <param name="count"></param> public void DeleteRows(int rowIndex, int count) { try { for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { range = (Excel.Range)workSheet.Rows[rowIndex, this.missing]; range.Delete(Excel.XlDirection.xlDown); } } catch (Exception e) { this.KillExcelProcess(false); throw e; } } #endregion #region 列操作 /// <summary> /// 插列（在指定列右边插入指定数量列） /// </summary> /// <param name="columnIndex"></param> /// <param name="count"></param> public void InsertColumns(int columnIndex, int count) { try { range = (Excel.Range)(workSheet.Columns[columnIndex, this.missing]); //注意：这里和VS的智能提示不一样，第一个参数是columnindex for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { range.Insert(Excel.XlDirection.xlDown, missing); } } catch (Exception e) { this.KillExcelProcess(false); throw e; } } /// <summary> /// 删除列 /// </summary> /// <param name="columnIndex"></param> /// <param name="count"></param> public void DeleteColumns(int columnIndex, int count) { try { for (int i = columnIndex + count-1; i >= columnIndex; i--) { ((Excel.Range)workSheet.Cells[1, i]).EntireColumn.Delete(0); } } catch (Exception e) { this.KillExcelProcess(false); throw e; } } #endregion #region 单元格操作 /// <summary> /// 合并单元格，并赋值，对指定WorkSheet操作 /// </summary> /// <param name="sheetIndex">WorkSheet索引</param> /// <param name="beginRowIndex">开始行索引</param> /// <param name="beginColumnIndex">开始列索引</param> /// <param name="endRowIndex">结束行索引</param> /// <param name="endColumnIndex">结束列索引</param> /// <param name="text">合并后Range的值</param> public void MergeCells(int beginRowIndex, int beginColumnIndex, int endRowIndex, int endColumnIndex, string text) { range = workSheet.get_Range(workSheet.Cells[beginRowIndex, beginColumnIndex], workSheet.Cells[endRowIndex, endColumnIndex]); range.ClearContents(); //先把Range内容清除，合并才不会出错 range.MergeCells = true; range.Value2 = text; range.HorizontalAlignment = Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignCenter; range.VerticalAlignment = Excel.XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter; } /// <summary> /// 向单元格写入数据，对当前WorkSheet操作 /// </summary> /// <param name="rowIndex">行索引</param> /// <param name="columnIndex">列索引</param> /// <param name="text">要写入的文本值</param> public void SetCells(int rowIndex, int columnIndex, string text) { try { workSheet.Cells[rowIndex, columnIndex] = text; } catch { this.KillExcelProcess(false); throw new Exception("向单元格[" + rowIndex + "," + columnIndex + "]写数据出错！"); } } /// <summary> /// 向单元格写入数据，对当前WorkSheet操作 /// </summary> /// <param name="rowIndex">行索引</param> /// <param name="columnIndex">列索引</param> /// <param name="text">要写入的文本值</param> public void SetCells(int rowIndex, int columnIndex, string text, string comment) { try { workSheet.Cells[rowIndex, columnIndex] = text; SetCellComment(rowIndex, columnIndex, comment); } catch { this.KillExcelProcess(false); throw new Exception("向单元格[" + rowIndex + "," + columnIndex + "]写数据出错！"); } } /// <summary> /// 向单元格写入数据，对当前WorkSheet操作 /// </summary> /// <param name="rowIndex">行索引</param> /// <param name="columnIndex">列索引</param> /// <param name="text">要写入的文本值</param> public void SetCellComment(int rowIndex, int columnIndex, string comment) { try { Excel.Range range = workSheet.Cells[rowIndex, columnIndex] as Excel.Range; range.AddComment(comment); } catch { this.KillExcelProcess(false); throw new Exception("向单元格[" + rowIndex + "," + columnIndex + "]写数据出错！"); } } /// <summary> /// 单元格背景色及填充方式 /// </summary> /// <param name="startRow">起始行</param> /// <param name="startColumn">起始列</param> /// <param name="endRow">结束行</param> /// <param name="endColumn">结束列</param> /// <param name="color">颜色索引</param> public void SetCellsBackColor(int startRow, int startColumn, int endRow, int endColumn, ColorIndex color) { Excel.Range range = excelApp.get_Range(excelApp.Cells[startRow, startColumn], excelApp.Cells[endRow, endColumn]); range.Interior.ColorIndex = color; } #endregion #region 保存文件 /// <summary> /// 另存文件 /// </summary> public void SaveAsFile() { if (this.outputFile == null) throw new Exception("没有指定输出文件路径！"); try { workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing); } catch (Exception e) { throw e; } finally { this.Quit(); } } /// <summary> /// 将Excel文件另存为指定格式 /// </summary> /// <param name="format">HTML，CSV，TEXT，EXCEL，XML</param> public void SaveAsFile(SaveAsFileFormat format) { if (this.outputFile == null) throw new Exception("没有指定输出文件路径！"); try { switch (format) { case SaveAsFileFormat.HTML: { workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, Excel.XlFileFormat.xlHtml, missing, missing, missing, missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing); break; } case SaveAsFileFormat.CSV: { workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, Excel.XlFileFormat.xlCSV, missing, missing, missing, missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing); break; } case SaveAsFileFormat.TEXT: { workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, Excel.XlFileFormat.xlUnicodeText, missing, missing, missing, missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing); break; } case SaveAsFileFormat.XML: { workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, Excel.XlFileFormat.xlXMLSpreadsheet, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); break; } default: { workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing); break; } } } catch (Exception e) { throw e; } finally { this.Quit(); } } #endregion #region 杀进程释放资源 /// <summary> /// 结束Excel进程 /// </summary> public void KillExcelProcess(bool bAll) { if (bAll) { KillAllExcelProcess(); } else { KillSpecialExcel(); } } [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)] static extern int GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hWnd, out int lpdwProcessId); /// <summary> /// 杀特殊进程的Excel /// </summary> public void KillSpecialExcel() { try { if (excelApp != null) { int lpdwProcessId; GetWindowThreadProcessId((IntPtr)excelApp.Hwnd, out lpdwProcessId); if (lpdwProcessId > 0) //c-s方式 { System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessById(lpdwProcessId).Kill(); } else { Quit(); } } } catch { } } /// <summary> /// 释放资源 /// </summary> public void Quit() { if (workBook != null) workBook.Close(null, null, null); if (excelApp != null) { excelApp.Workbooks.Close(); excelApp.Quit(); } if (range != null) { System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(range); range = null; } if (range1 != null) { System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(range1); range1 = null; } if (range2 != null) { System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(range2); range2 = null; } if (workSheet != null) { System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workSheet); workSheet = null; } if (workBook != null) { System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workBook); workBook = null; } if (excelApp != null) { System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(excelApp); excelApp = null; } GC.Collect(); } /// <summary> /// 接口方法 释放资源 /// </summary> public void Dispose() { Quit(); } #endregion #region 静态方法 /// <summary> /// 杀Excel进程 /// </summary> public static void KillAllExcelProcess() { Process[] myProcesses; myProcesses = Process.GetProcessesByName("Excel"); //得不到Excel进程ID，暂时只能判断进程启动时间 foreach (Process myProcess in myProcesses) { myProcess.Kill(); } } /// <summary> /// 打开相应的excel /// </summary> /// <param name="filepath"></param> public static void OpenExcel(string filepath) { Excel.Application xlsApp = new Excel.Application(); xlsApp.Workbooks.Open(filepath); xlsApp.Visible = true; } #endregion } /// <summary> /// 常用颜色定义,对就Excel中颜色名 /// </summary> public enum ColorIndex { 无色 = -4142, 自动 = -4105, 黑色 = 1, 褐色 = 53, 橄榄 = 52, 深绿 = 51, 深青 = 49, 深蓝 = 11, 靛蓝 = 55, 灰色80 = 56, 深红 = 9, 橙色 = 46, 深黄 = 12, 绿色 = 10, 青色 = 14, 蓝色 = 5, 蓝灰 = 47, 灰色50 = 16, 红色 = 3, 浅橙色 = 45, 酸橙色 = 43, 海绿 = 50, 水绿色 = 42, 浅蓝 = 41, 紫罗兰 = 13, 灰色40 = 48, 粉红 = 7, 金色 = 44, 黄色 = 6, 鲜绿 = 4, 青绿 = 8, 天蓝 = 33, 梅红 = 54, 灰色25 = 15, 玫瑰红 = 38, 茶色 = 40, 浅黄 = 36, 浅绿 = 35, 浅青绿 = 34, 淡蓝 = 37, 淡紫 = 39, 白色 = 2 } /// <summary> /// HTML，CSV，TEXT，EXCEL，XML /// </summary> public enum SaveAsFileFormat { HTML, CSV, TEXT, EXCEL, XML }
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