首页 > 代码库 > 使用spec与fpm 2种方式进行rpm打包
使用spec与fpm 2种方式进行rpm打包
最近分享zabbix与ansible好多，大家看烦了，我也没啥存货了，现在就介绍一下如何进行rpm打包吧。
rpm打包有2个，一个是自己写spec，另外要给是使用ruby的fpm，我个人比较倾向于第二种fpm，这个不需要写spec文件，特简单，不过为了让大家看明白，我分别介绍一下这2款软件是如何进行rpm打包的。
目录
一、使用spec构建rpm
二、使用fpm构建rpm
一、使用spec构建rpm
在构架rpm包的时候，需要经过3个过程
1、解压源码包
2、编译环境configure
3、make
然后再使用check install做rpm包
同时如果在安装rpm包的时候，你想查看安装过程可以使用，rpm -qi --scriptsname.rpm查看
如果在构架脚本或者其他非源码包安装的时候，可以使用rpmbild
1、把脚本目录给tar
2、构架spec
3、rpmbuild
注意的完成最终的工作了。请使用根目录用户身份安装rpmbuild命令。在Red Hat中，请用yum install rpm-build完成这项工作。接下来，请确保所有的文件都呆在正确的地方。Tar存档文件必须位于创建软件包的当前用户帐户的~/rpmbuild /SOURCES 目录下，demo.spec文件必须位于~/rpmbuild/SPECS目录下。现在你可以用rpmbuild -ba test.spec命令来创建软件包了。这会在~/rpmbuild/RPMS目录下创建你的RPM文件。
可以参考
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-05/60278.htm
http://blog.csdn.net/cybertan/article/details/5972935
我做的测试是创建一个test目录，里有个test.log文件，内容是this is test file
然后给这个文件压缩成tar包，并存放到~/rpmbuild /SOURCES
之后再做个test.spec，内容如下
root@client:~/rpmbuild/SPECS#cat test.spec
Summary: Test package for dl528888 blog
Name: test
Version: 1.0.0
Release: 1
License: GPL
Group: test
Source: test.tar.gz
BuildRoot:%{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-%{release}-root
Url: http://dl528888.blog.51cto.com
Packager: Linuxing
Prefix: %{_prefix}
Prefix: %{_sysconfdir}
%define userpath /tmp/demo
%description
Justa test rpm suite.
%prep
%setup-c
%install
install -d $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{userpath}
cp-a %{name}* $RPM_BUILD_ROOT%{userpath}
%clean
rm-rf $RPM_BUILD_ROOT
rm-rf $RPM_BUILD_DIR/%{name}-%{version}
%files
%defattr(-,root,root)
%{userpath}然后再对这个test.spec做安装rpm包，使用rpmbild-ba test.spec，之后就能在~/rpmbuild /RPMS目录下创建你的RPM文件。
二、使用ruby的fpm构建rpm包
1、centos安装
yum install rpm-build gem install fpm
2、ubuntu安装
apt-get install ruby ruby-dev rubygems gem install fpm
在centos里安装如下
15:34:53 # yum install rpm-build Failed to set locale, defaulting to C Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, keys, protectbase Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.btte.net * extras: mirrors.btte.net * updates: mirrors.btte.net 0 packages excluded due to repository protections Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package rpm-build.x86_64 0:4.8.0-37.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: elfutils >= 0.128 for package: rpm-build-4.8.0-37.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: xz for package: rpm-build-4.8.0-37.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: unzip for package: rpm-build-4.8.0-37.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: lzma for package: rpm-build-4.8.0-37.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: file for package: rpm-build-4.8.0-37.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: /usr/bin/gdb-add-index for package: rpm-build-4.8.0-37.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package elfutils.x86_64 0:0.152-1.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: elfutils-libs(x86-64) = 0.152-1.el6 for package: elfutils-0.152-1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libdw.so.1(ELFUTILS_0.149)(64bit) for package: elfutils-0.152-1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libdw.so.1(ELFUTILS_0.148)(64bit) for package: elfutils-0.152-1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libdw.so.1(ELFUTILS_0.138)(64bit) for package: elfutils-0.152-1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libdw.so.1(ELFUTILS_0.127)(64bit) for package: elfutils-0.152-1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libdw.so.1(ELFUTILS_0.126)(64bit) for package: elfutils-0.152-1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libdw.so.1(ELFUTILS_0.122)(64bit) for package: elfutils-0.152-1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libasm.so.1(ELFUTILS_1.0)(64bit) for package: elfutils-0.152-1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libdw.so.1()(64bit) for package: elfutils-0.152-1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libasm.so.1()(64bit) for package: elfutils-0.152-1.el6.x86_64 ---> Package file.x86_64 0:5.04-15.el6 will be installed ---> Package gdb.x86_64 0:7.2-60.el6_4.1 will be installed ---> Package unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-1.el6 will be installed ---> Package xz.x86_64 0:4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el6 will be installed ---> Package xz-lzma-compat.x86_64 0:4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el6 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package elfutils-libs.x86_64 0:0.152-1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =============================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =============================================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: rpm-build x86_64 4.8.0-37.el6 base 127 k Installing for dependencies: elfutils x86_64 0.152-1.el6 base 201 k elfutils-libs x86_64 0.152-1.el6 base 181 k file x86_64 5.04-15.el6 base 46 k gdb x86_64 7.2-60.el6_4.1 base 2.3 M unzip x86_64 6.0-1.el6 base 149 k xz x86_64 4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el6 base 137 k xz-lzma-compat x86_64 4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el6 base 16 k Transaction Summary =============================================================================================================================================================================================== Install 8 Package(s) Total download size: 3.1 M Installed size: 7.4 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/8): elfutils-0.152-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 201 kB 00:00 (2/8): elfutils-libs-0.152-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 181 kB 00:00 (3/8): file-5.04-15.el6.x86_64.rpm | 46 kB 00:00 (4/8): gdb-7.2-60.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm | 2.3 MB 00:06 (5/8): rpm-build-4.8.0-37.el6.x86_64.rpm | 127 kB 00:00 (6/8): unzip-6.0-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 149 kB 00:00 (7/8): xz-4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el6.x86_64.rpm | 137 kB 00:00 (8/8): xz-lzma-compat-4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el6.x86_64.rpm | 16 kB 00:00 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 234 kB/s | 3.1 MB 00:13 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : xz-4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el6.x86_64 1/8 Installing : xz-lzma-compat-4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el6.x86_64 2/8 Installing : file-5.04-15.el6.x86_64 3/8 Installing : gdb-7.2-60.el6_4.1.x86_64 4/8 Installing : elfutils-libs-0.152-1.el6.x86_64 5/8 Installing : elfutils-0.152-1.el6.x86_64 6/8 Installing : unzip-6.0-1.el6.x86_64 7/8 Installing : rpm-build-4.8.0-37.el6.x86_64 8/8 Verifying : unzip-6.0-1.el6.x86_64 1/8 Verifying : xz-lzma-compat-4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el6.x86_64 2/8 Verifying : elfutils-libs-0.152-1.el6.x86_64 3/8 Verifying : gdb-7.2-60.el6_4.1.x86_64 4/8 Verifying : elfutils-0.152-1.el6.x86_64 5/8 Verifying : rpm-build-4.8.0-37.el6.x86_64 6/8 Verifying : file-5.04-15.el6.x86_64 7/8 Verifying : xz-4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el6.x86_64 8/8 Installed: rpm-build.x86_64 0:4.8.0-37.el6 Dependency Installed: elfutils.x86_64 0:0.152-1.el6 elfutils-libs.x86_64 0:0.152-1.el6 file.x86_64 0:5.04-15.el6 gdb.x86_64 0:7.2-60.el6_4.1 unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-1.el6 xz.x86_64 0:4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el6 xz-lzma-compat.x86_64 0:4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el6 Complete! 15:35:21 # gem install fpm /usr/local/ruby-1.9.3/lib/ruby/1.9.1/yaml.rb:56:in `<top (required)>‘: It seems your ruby installation is missing psych (for YAML output). To eliminate this warning, please install libyaml and reinstall your ruby. Fetching: json-1.8.1.gem (100%) Building native extensions. This could take a while... Fetching: cabin-0.6.1.gem (100%) Fetching: backports-3.6.0.gem (100%) Fetching: arr-pm-0.0.9.gem (100%) Fetching: clamp-0.6.3.gem (100%) Fetching: ffi-1.9.3.gem (100%) Building native extensions. This could take a while... Fetching: childprocess-0.5.3.gem (100%) Fetching: fpm-1.1.0.gem (100%) Successfully installed json-1.8.1 Successfully installed cabin-0.6.1 Successfully installed backports-3.6.0 Successfully installed arr-pm-0.0.9 Successfully installed clamp-0.6.3 Successfully installed ffi-1.9.3 Successfully installed childprocess-0.5.3 Successfully installed fpm-1.1.0 8 gems installed Installing ri documentation for json-1.8.1... Installing ri documentation for cabin-0.6.1... Installing ri documentation for backports-3.6.0... unable to convert U+00E9 from UTF-8 to US-ASCII for lib/backports/force/string_length.rb, skipping unable to convert U+00E9 from UTF-8 to US-ASCII for lib/backports/1.9.2/stdlib/matrix.rb, skipping Installing ri documentation for arr-pm-0.0.9... Installing ri documentation for clamp-0.6.3... Installing ri documentation for ffi-1.9.3... unable to convert "\xE2" to UTF-8 in conversion from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 to US-ASCII for lib/ffi/library.rb, skipping Enclosing class/module ‘moduleFFI‘ for class StructByValue not known Enclosing class/module ‘moduleFFI‘ for class StructLayout not known Enclosing class/module ‘rbffi_StructLayoutClass‘ for class Field not known Enclosing class/module ‘rbffi_StructLayoutClass‘ for class Number not known Enclosing class/module ‘rbffi_StructLayoutClass‘ for class String not known Enclosing class/module ‘rbffi_StructLayoutClass‘ for class Pointer not known Enclosing class/module ‘rbffi_StructLayoutClass‘ for class Function not known Enclosing class/module ‘rbffi_StructLayoutClass‘ for class Array not known Enclosing class/module ‘moduleFFI‘ for module LastError not known Enclosing class/module ‘moduleFFI‘ for class MemoryPointer not known Enclosing class/module ‘rbffi_StructLayoutClass‘ for class CharArray not known Enclosing class/module "rbffi_StructLayoutCharArrayClass" for alias to_str to_s not known unable to convert "\xC3" to UTF-8 in conversion from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 to US-ASCII for ext/ffi_c/libffi/ChangeLog, skipping unable to convert "\xC3" to UTF-8 in conversion from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 to US-ASCII for ext/ffi_c/libffi/README, skipping Installing ri documentation for childprocess-0.5.3... Installing ri documentation for fpm-1.1.0... Installing RDoc documentation for json-1.8.1... Installing RDoc documentation for cabin-0.6.1... Installing RDoc documentation for backports-3.6.0... unable to convert U+00E9 from UTF-8 to US-ASCII for lib/backports/force/string_length.rb, skipping unable to convert U+00E9 from UTF-8 to US-ASCII for lib/backports/1.9.2/stdlib/matrix.rb, skipping Installing RDoc documentation for arr-pm-0.0.9... Installing RDoc documentation for clamp-0.6.3... Installing RDoc documentation for ffi-1.9.3... unable to convert "\xE2" to UTF-8 in conversion from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 to US-ASCII for lib/ffi/library.rb, skipping Enclosing class/module ‘moduleFFI‘ for class StructByValue not known Enclosing class/module ‘moduleFFI‘ for class StructLayout not known Enclosing class/module ‘rbffi_StructLayoutClass‘ for class Field not known Enclosing class/module ‘rbffi_StructLayoutClass‘ for class Number not known Enclosing class/module ‘rbffi_StructLayoutClass‘ for class String not known Enclosing class/module ‘rbffi_StructLayoutClass‘ for class Pointer not known Enclosing class/module ‘rbffi_StructLayoutClass‘ for class Function not known Enclosing class/module ‘rbffi_StructLayoutClass‘ for class Array not known Enclosing class/module ‘moduleFFI‘ for module LastError not known Enclosing class/module ‘moduleFFI‘ for class MemoryPointer not known Enclosing class/module ‘rbffi_StructLayoutClass‘ for class CharArray not known Enclosing class/module "rbffi_StructLayoutCharArrayClass" for alias to_str to_s not known unable to convert "\xC3" to UTF-8 in conversion from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 to US-ASCII for ext/ffi_c/libffi/ChangeLog, skipping unable to convert "\xC3" to UTF-8 in conversion from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 to US-ASCII for ext/ffi_c/libffi/README, skipping Installing RDoc documentation for childprocess-0.5.3... Installing RDoc documentation for fpm-1.1.0... 15:45:31 # find / -name "fpm" /usr/local/ruby-1.9.3/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/doc/fpm-1.1.0/rdoc/lib/fpm /usr/local/ruby-1.9.3/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/fpm-1.1.0/lib/fpm /usr/local/ruby-1.9.3/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/fpm-1.1.0/bin/fpm /usr/local/ruby-1.9.3/bin/fpm /usr/local/php-5.3.10/share/php/fpm root@e3d3e87fbfd7:~ 15:45:46 # ln /usr/local/ruby-1.9.3/bin/fpm /usr/bin/fpm
下面是安装脚本内容
16:10:45# cat install_for_rpm.sh #!/bin/bash mkdir/tmp/fpm echo"this is test for rpm" >/tmp/fpm/test.txt
下面是在进行rpm安装的时候，安装后运行的脚本
root@e3d3e87fbfd7:~ 16:10:48# cat run_rpm.sh #!/bin/bash /bin/bash/tmp/install_for_rpm.sh
也就是说，rpm包安装后，会运行我这个run_rpm.sh脚本，然后这个脚本会运行install_for_fpm.sh脚本
下面是打包过程
root@e3d3e87fbfd7:~
16:13:21 # fpm -s dir --prefix /tmp/ -t rpm -n test_rpm --verbose --version ‘2014‘ --iteration ‘1.0‘ --vendor ‘244979152@qq.com‘ --category ‘Development/test‘ --description ‘Rpm Install‘ --url ‘qq.com‘ --license ‘BSD‘ -m ‘denglei‘ --after-install run_rpm.sh install_for_rpm.sh
/usr/local/ruby-1.9.3/lib/ruby/1.9.1/yaml.rb:56:in `<top (required)>‘:
It seems your ruby installation is missing psych (for YAML output).
To eliminate this warning, please install libyaml and reinstall your ruby.
Setting from flags: category=Development/test {:level=>:info}
Setting from flags: description=Rpm Install {:level=>:info}
Setting from flags: epoch= {:level=>:info}
Setting from flags: iteration=1.0 {:level=>:info}
Setting from flags: license=BSD {:level=>:info}
Setting from flags: maintainer=denglei {:level=>:info}
Setting from flags: name=test_rpm {:level=>:info}
Setting from flags: url=qq.com {:level=>:info}
Setting from flags: vendor=244979152@qq.com {:level=>:info}
Setting from flags: version=2014 {:level=>:info}
Converting dir to rpm {:level=>:info}
no value for epoch is set, defaulting to nil {:level=>:warn}
Reading template {:path=>"/usr/local/ruby-1.9.3/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/fpm-1.1.0/templates/rpm.erb", :level=>:info}
no value for epoch is set, defaulting to nil {:level=>:warn}
Running rpmbuild {:args=>["rpmbuild", "-bb", "--define", "buildroot /tmp/package-rpm-build20140704-5378-1sbkpgd/BUILD", "--define", "_topdir /tmp/package-rpm-build20140704-5378-1sbkpgd", "--define", "_sourcedir /tmp/package-rpm-build20140704-5378-1sbkpgd", "--define", "_rpmdir /tmp/package-rpm-build20140704-5378-1sbkpgd/RPMS", "/tmp/package-rpm-build20140704-5378-1sbkpgd/SPECS/test_rpm.spec"], :level=>:info}
Executing(%prep): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.w21bbk {:level=>:info}
Executing(%build): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.FNduT3 {:level=>:info}
Executing(%install): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.Cdf5BN {:level=>:info}
Processing files: test_rpm-2014-1.0.x86_64 {:level=>:info}
Wrote: /tmp/package-rpm-build20140704-5378-1sbkpgd/RPMS/x86_64/test_rpm-2014-1.0.x86_64.rpm {:level=>:info}
Executing(%clean): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.mv993g {:level=>:info}
Created package {:path=>"test_rpm-2014-1.0.x86_64.rpm"}
16:05:47# ll /root/
total8
-rw-r--r--1 root root 74 Jul 4 16:02 install_for_rpm.sh
-rw-r--r--1 root root 1709 Jul 4 16:05 test_rpm-2014-1.0.x86_64.rpm可以看到，有个rpm文件生产，名字是test_rpm-2014-1.0.x86_64.rpm
下面安装rpm的过程
16:14:21# ll /tmp/ total96 lrwxrwxrwx1 root root 30 Jul 3 13:29 mysql.sock ->/data/mysql/datadir/mysql.sock drwxr-xr-x2 root root 4096 Jul 4 16:12 root -rw-------1 root root 256 Jun 5 10:17 tmp.GbE4cEGjO7 -rw-------1 root root 32379 Jul 3 17:27 yum_save_tx-2014-07-03-17-27UiVNzL.yumtx -rw-------1 root root 27578 Jul 3 17:29 yum_save_tx-2014-07-03-17-29nffpfF.yumtx -rw-------1 root root 27578 Jul 3 17:41 yum_save_tx-2014-07-03-17-41S1tFIE.yumtx
可以看到tmp目录里没有fpm目录，现在开始安装
root@e3d3e87fbfd7:~ 16:14:24 # rpm -ivh test_rpm-2014-1.0.x86_64.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:test_rpm ########################################### [100%] root@e3d3e87fbfd7:~ 16:14:27 # ll /tmp/ total 104 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 4 16:14 fpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 74 Jul 4 16:14 install_for_rpm.sh lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 Jul 3 13:29 mysql.sock -> /data/mysql/datadir/mysql.sock drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 4 16:12 root -rw------- 1 root root 256 Jun 5 10:17 tmp.GbE4cEGjO7 -rw------- 1 root root 32379 Jul 3 17:27 yum_save_tx-2014-07-03-17-27UiVNzL.yumtx -rw------- 1 root root 27578 Jul 3 17:29 yum_save_tx-2014-07-03-17-29nffpfF.yumtx -rw------- 1 root root 27578 Jul 3 17:41 yum_save_tx-2014-07-03-17-41S1tFIE.yumtx root@e3d3e87fbfd7:~ 16:14:29 # ll /tmp/fpm/ total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21 Jul 4 16:14 test.txt root@e3d3e87fbfd7:~ 16:15:00 # cat /tmp/fpm/test.txt this is test for rpm
可以看到安装后，tmp目录有了fpm目录，并且这个目录里有了test.txt文件。
rpm打包完成后，你可以使用ansible或者salt等软件来进行配置管理，或者你可以自己弄个本地yum源，rpm包放到yum源里让其他人下载也行，本文没有介绍太深入知识，只是个普及，所以有那块不懂的可以自行网上寻找。
本文出自 “吟—技术交流” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://dl528888.blog.51cto.com/2382721/1540312
声明：以上内容来自用户投稿及互联网公开渠道收集整理发布，本网站不拥有所有权，未作人工编辑处理，也不承担相关法律责任，若内容有误或涉及侵权可进行投诉： 投诉/举报 工作人员会在5个工作日内联系你，一经查实，本站将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。