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C# 抽象类理解与使用 【果断收藏，更多精彩...】

2024-07-17 22:56:18   212人阅读

一、一码当先---代码清单

抽象基类People

 

 
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///
 ///    抽象基类 
 ///
 public abstract class People
 {
     public string Name;
     public string Gender;
 
     public People(string outName, string outGender)
     {
         Name = outName;
         Gender = outGender;
     }
 
     /*      一个抽象方法，现在的人都上网，不同的人上网的目的是什么
             基类的中抽象方法不用实现 */
     public abstract void SearchInternet();
 }

派生类学生

 

 

 
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public class Student : People
{
    string StudentNum;
 
    /// <summary>
    /// base(outName,outGender)同时去初始化抽象类中的两个数据成员
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="out_name"></param>
    /// <param name="out_sex"></param>
    /// <param name="out_stuNum"></param>
    public Student(string outName, string outGender, string outStuNum)
        : base(outName, outGender)
    {
        Name = outName;
        Gender = outGender;
        StudentNum = outStuNum;
    }
 
    public override void SearchInternet()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("这个人名叫" + Name + ",性别:" + Gender + ",工号:" + StudentNum + ",他上网的目的是查找习题答案\\n");
    }
}

派生类老师

 

 

 
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public class Teacher : People
{
    string TeachNum;
 
    public Teacher(string outName, string outGender, string outTNum)
        : base(outName, outGender)
    {
        Name = outName;
        Gender = outGender;
        TeachNum = outTNum;
    }
 
    public override void SearchInternet()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("这个人名叫" + Name + ",性别:" + Gender + ",工号:" + TeachNum + ",他上网的目的是发布习题答案\\n");
    }
}

测试程序段

 

 

 
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namespace AbstractClass
{
    class Program
    {
        enum PEOPLE
        {
            STUDENT = 1,
            TEACHER,
            EXIT
        }
 
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int peopleObj = -1;
            string tmpName = "";
            string tmpGender = "";
            string teacherNum = "";
            string studentNum = "";
            bool isExit = false;
 
            Student studentA;
            Teacher teacherA;
 
            while (true)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("------------测试人上网的原因，超级准 ^ V ^ -------------------\\n");
                Console.WriteLine("请选择你要创建的角色: \\n");
                Console.WriteLine("       1 学生\\n    ");
                Console.WriteLine("       2 教师\\n    ");
                Console.WriteLine("       3 退出\\n    ");
                Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------------\\n");
                 
                /*  C#的强大之处，判断输入是否为数字，直接有一个API！不知是好还是坏事  */
                if (int.TryParse(Console.ReadLine(), out peopleObj) == false)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("输入的数字不合法！请输入整数(1~3)\\n");
                    Console.ReadLine();
                }
                else
                { }
 
                switch (peopleObj)
                {
                    case (int)PEOPLE.STUDENT:
                        Console.WriteLine("请输入学生名字：\\n");
                        tmpName = Console.ReadLine().Trim();
                        Console.WriteLine("请输入学生性别：\\n");
                        tmpGender = Console.ReadLine().Trim();
                        Console.WriteLine("请输入学生学号：\\n");
                        studentNum = Console.ReadLine().Trim();
                        studentA = new Student(tmpName, tmpGender, studentNum);
                        studentA.SearchInternet();
                        Console.ReadLine();
                        break;
 
                    case (int)PEOPLE.TEACHER:
                        Console.WriteLine("请输入教师名字：\\n");
                        tmpName = Console.ReadLine().Trim();
                        Console.WriteLine("请输入教师性别：\\n");
                        tmpGender = Console.ReadLine().Trim();
                        Console.WriteLine("请输入教师工号：\\n");
                        teacherNum = Console.ReadLine().Trim();
                        teacherA = new Teacher(tmpName, tmpGender, teacherNum);
                        teacherA.SearchInternet();
                        Console.ReadLine();
                        break;
 
                    case (int)PEOPLE.EXIT:
                        isExit = true;
                        break;
                    default:
                        break;
                }
 
                /* 控制台清屏 */
                Console.Clear();
 
                if (isExit)
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
}

 

 

 
二、码到成功---现场展示
 
 
 
 
 
 
三、码后炮---原理讲解

1、什么是抽象类？

用来作为派生类的基类，定义时使用abstract修饰,如public abstract class xxx。

2、抽象类与非抽象类的区别

（1）不能被实例化，只有通过继承它才具有生命力；

（2）可以包含抽象成员，非抽象类不能；<=>抽象方法只能出现在抽象类中，但抽象类中的方法并不全是抽象方法，如构造函数。

 

3、抽象方法

（1） 声明时使用abstract修饰；

（2）不能使用后面修饰词，virtual,private,static等；

（3）在抽象类中不提供实现

 

四、源码附件

 AbstractClass.rar   
 
【转载】http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-25498312-id-3291045.html
 


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