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第十一章_文件下载
11.1、文件下载概述
1、将响应的内容类型设置为文件的内容类型。标头Content-type用来规定实体主体中的数据类型,包含媒体类型和子类型标识符。
2、添加一个名为Content-Disposition的HTTP响应头,给它赋值attachment;filename=filename,这里的fileName是指在文件下载对话框中显示出来的默认文件名。它通常与文件名相同,但是也可以不同。
例如,以下就是将一个文件发送到浏览器的代码范例。
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file) ;
BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis) ;
byte[] bytes = new byte[bis.available()] ;
response.setContentType(contentType) ;
OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream() ;
bis.read(bytes) ;
os.write(bytes) ;
警告:一定要确保你没有在无意中发送超出实际文件内容以外的任何字符。这有可能在你毫不知情的情况下发生。例如,如果需要在JSP页面中使用page指令,可以这么写:
<%@ page import=”java.io.FileInputStream”%>
<jsp:useBean id=”DBBeanId” scope=”page” class=”MyBean”>
在你毫不察觉的情况下,page指令后面的回车换行符就会被发送给浏览器。为了防止发送多余的字符,需要像下面这样编写这个指令:
<%@ page import=”java.io.FileInputStream”
%><jsp:useBean id=”DBBeanId” scope=”page” class=”MyBean”>
11.2、范例1:隐藏资源
在下面这个程序中,我们用一个FileDownloadServlet servlet将secret.pdf文件发送到浏览器。但是,只有授权用户才能浏览。如果用户没有登录,应用程序就会跳转到Login页面。在这里,用户可以在表单中输入用户名和密码,这些内容都将被提交给另一个Servlet:LoginServlet。
LoginServlet.java
package filedownloaded; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; @WebServlet(urlPatterns = {"/login"}) public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String userName = request.getParameter("userName") ; String password = request.getParameter("password") ; if(userName != null && userName.equals("ken") && password != null && password.equals("secret")){ HttpSession session = request.getSession(true) ; session.setAttribute("loggedIn", Boolean.TRUE); response.sendRedirect("download"); return ; }else{ RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp") ; dispatcher.forward(request, response); } } }
login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href=http://www.mamicode.com/"">>FileDownloadServlet.javapackage filedownloaded; import java.io.BufferedInputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; @WebServlet(urlPatterns = {"/download"}) public class FileDownloadServlet extends HttpServlet{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Override public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { HttpSession session = req.getSession() ; if(session == null || session.getAttribute("loggedIn") == null){ RequestDispatcher dispatcher = req.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp") ; dispatcher.forward(req, resp); return ; } String dataDirectory = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/data") ; File file = new File(dataDirectory, "secret.pdf") ; if(file.exists()){ resp.setContentType("application/pdf"); resp.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=secret.pdf"); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024] ; try(FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file) ; BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis); OutputStream os = resp.getOutputStream()){ int i = bis.read(buffer) ; while(i != -1){ os.write(buffer, 0, i); i = bis.read(buffer) ; } }catch(IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } } }第十一章_文件下载