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Nginx日志导入到Hive0.13.1,同步Hbase0.96.2,设置RowKey为autoincrement(ID自增长)

2024-07-19 04:59:40   221人阅读

目录：
　　一、Nginx的相关配置，以及测试数据
　　二、Hadoop中创建使用目录
　　三、Hive的日志表创建，并同步到Hbase中
　　　　1)创建自增长ID的类,并添加到Hive环境中
　　　　2)在Hive中创建日志表
　　　　3)将Nginx的日志数据导入到Hive日志表中
　　　　　　方法一：将本地目录中的文件导入到hive中
　　　　　　方法二：从HDFS导入数据
　　　　　　方法三：通过如Flume、Kafka一类的工具监控日志数据，自动导入
　　　　4)在Hive中创建Hbase可以识别的表
　　　　5)将Hive的日志表，使用自增长Id做为rowkey导入到Hbase可识别的表中
　　　　6)到Hbase中验证效果使用get、scan、filter获取指定数据
　　四、FAQ
　　五、扩展阅读
 
　　一、Nginx的相关配置，以及测试数据
　　#Nginx的Conf中log格式化部分的内容
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log_format  main  ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
                                ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
                                ‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" ‘
                                ‘"$gzip_ratio" $request_time $bytes_sent $request_length ‘
                                ‘"$upstream_addr" $upstream_status $upstream_response_time‘;
　　#Nginx生成后部分格式如下(测试数据)
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8.8.8.8 - - [22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 2373 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36" "-" "2.78" 0.004 2683 369 "unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock" 200 0.004
8.8.8.8 - - [22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800] "GET 8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/css/base.css HTTP/1.1" 200 940 "http://xxx.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36" "-" "-" 0.000 1247 373 "-" - -
8.8.8.8 - - [22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800] "GET 8.8.8.8/a3e2e507/jquery.min.js HTTP/1.1" 200 93636 "http://xxx.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36" "-" "-" 0.152 93976 359 "-" - -
8.8.8.8 - - [22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800] "GET 8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/logo.png HTTP/1.1" 200 6059 "http://xxx.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36" "-" "-" 0.000 6369 377 "-" - -
8.8.8.8 - - [22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800] "GET 8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/p02.jpg HTTP/1.1" 200 22177 "http://xxx.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36" "-" "-" 0.000 22489 376 "-" - -
8.8.8.8 - - [22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800] "GET 8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/p03.png HTTP/1.1" 200 3012 "http://xxx.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36" "-" "-" 0.000 3321 376 "-" - -
8.8.8.8 - - [22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800] "GET 8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/two-dimension-code1.png HTTP/1.1" 200 761 "http://xxx.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36" "-" "-" 0.000 1069 392 "-" - -
8.8.8.8 - - [22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800] "GET 8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/bg.png HTTP/1.1" 200 11474 "http://xxx.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36" "-" "-" 0.000 11785 375 "-" - -
8.8.8.8 - - [22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800] "GET 8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/p04.png HTTP/1.1" 200 2860 "http://xxx.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36" "-" "-" 0.000 3169 376 "-" - -
8.8.8.8 - - [22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800] "GET 8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/p06.png HTTP/1.1" 200 74097 "http://xxx.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36" "-" "-" 0.062 74409 376 "-" - -
8.8.8.8 - - [22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800] "GET 8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/p05.png HTTP/1.1" 200 132072 "http://xxx.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36" "-" "-" 0.256 132385 376 "-" - -
8.8.8.8 - - [22/Aug/2014:20:23:46 +0800] "GET 8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/p07.png HTTP/1.1" 200 207987 "http://xxx.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36" "-" "-" 0.592 208300 376 "-" - -
8.8.8.8 - - [22/Aug/2014:20:23:46 +0800] "GET 8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/p01.png HTTP/1.1" 200 310418 "http://xxx.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36" "-" "-" 0.918 310731 376 "-" - -
 
　　二、Hadoop中创建使用目录
　　#在Hadoop2.2.0中创建Hive外部表中要用到的目录
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root@m1:/home/hadoop# /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.2.0/bin/hadoop fs -mkdir /user/hive/warehouse/nginxlog
root@m1:/home/hadoop# /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.2.0/bin/hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse
Found 1 items
drwxr-xr-x   - root supergroup          0 2014-01-22 23:13 /user/hive/warehouse/nginxlog
root@m1:/home/hadoop#
　　三、Hive的日志表创建，并同步到Hbase中
　　　　1)创建自增长ID的java类UDFRowSequence.java,并添加到Hive环境中
　　#在Eclipse中创建Maven项目，然后使用Maven将项目打包成Jar文件，过程中需要引入hadoop-common-2.2.0.jar、hive-exec-0.13.1.jar这两个文件，可以在Hadoop2.2.0目录以及Hive0.13.1目录中找到。如果不会使用Maven将项目打包，可以参考这篇文章《Golang、Php、Python、Java基于Thrift0.9.1实现跨语言调用》中实现Java客户端部分，有如何打包的方法。
　　UDFRowSequence.java代码如下，使用Maven会打包成一个idoall.org-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar文件，上传到Hive的lib目录下。本文后面会提供代码下载：
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package idoall.org.hive;
 
 
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.Description;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.UDF;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.udf.UDFType;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
 
/**
 * UDFRowSequence.
 */
@Description(name = "row_sequence",
    value = http://www.mamicode.com/"_FUNC_() - Returns a generated row sequence number starting from 1")
@UDFType(deterministic = false, stateful = true)
public class UDFRowSequence extends UDF
{
  private LongWritable result = new LongWritable();
 
  public UDFRowSequence() {
    result.set(0);
  }
 
  public LongWritable evaluate() {
    result.set(result.get() + 1);
    return result;
  }
}
　　　　2)在Hive中创建日志表
　　#然后将我们自定义的idoall.org-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar，添加到Hive运行环境中
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hive> ADD JAR /home/hadoop/hive-0.13.1/lib/idoall.org-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar;
Added /home/hadoop/hive-0.13.1/lib/idoall.org-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar to class path
Added resource: /home/hadoop/hive-0.13.1/lib/idoall.org-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar
hive>
　　#在Hive中创建自定义函数对数据进行处理，如果不想每次都执行这个命令，可以在hive-site.xml里面的<name>hive.aux.jars.path</name> 节点下面，把jar文件加到<value>节点中。
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hive> CREATE TEMPORARY FUNCTION rowSequence AS ‘idoall.org.hive.UDFRowSequence‘;
OK
Time taken: 0.048 seconds
　　#在Hive中创建收集Nginx的日志表（nginx_accesslog）
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create external table nginx_accesslog(
host string,
hostuser string,
times string,
requestmethond string,
requesturl string,
requesthttp string,
status string,
body_bytes_sent string,
referer string,
useragent string,
http_x_forwarded_for string,
gzip_ratio string,
request_time string,
bytes_sent string,
request_length string,
upstream_addr string,
upstream_status string,
upstream_response_time string)
PARTITIONED BY(YEAR STRING, MONTH STRING, DAY STRING)
row format SERDE ‘org.apache.hadoop.hive.contrib.serde2.RegexSerDe‘
WITH SERDEPROPERTIES ("input.regex" = "([^ ]*)\\s+-\\s+(.+?|-)\\s+\\[(.*)\\]\\s+\"([^ ]*)\\s+([^ ]*)\\s+([^ |\"]*)\"\\s+(-|[0-9]*)\\s+(-|[0-9]*)\\s+\"(.+?|-)\"\\s+\"(.+?|-)\"\\s+\"(.+?|-)\"\\s+\"(.+?|-)\"\\s+(.+?|-)\\s+(.+?|-)\\s+(.+?|-)\\s+\"(.+?|-)\"\\s+(.+?|-)\\s+(.*)","output.format.string" = "%1$s %2$s %3$s %4$s %5$s %6$s %7$s %8$s %9$s %10$s %11$s %12$s %13$s %14$s %15$s %16$s %17$s %18$s")
STORED AS TEXTFILE
location ‘/user/hive/warehouse/nginxlog‘;
　　　　3)将Nginx的日志数据导入到Hive日志表中
关于导入数据过程中overwrite的特性：
•目标表（或者分区）中的内容（如果有）会被删除，然后再将 filepath 指向的文件/目录中的内容添加到表/分区中。
•如果目标表（分区）已经有一个文件，并且文件名和 filepath 中的文件名冲突，那么现有的文件会被新文件所替代
如果不使用overwrite,改用into,只会增加记录。
 
　　　　　　方法一：将本地目录中的文件导入到Hive中
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hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH ‘/home/hadoop/hive-0.13.1/a.com.access.20140821.log‘ OVERWRITE INTO TABLE nginx_accesslog partition (YEAR=‘2014‘, MONTH=‘08‘,DAY=‘21‘);
Copying data from file:/home/hadoop/hive-0.13.1/a.com.access.20140821.log
Copying file: file:/home/hadoop/hive-0.13.1/a.com.access.20140821.log
Loading data to table default.nginx_accesslog partition (year=2014, month=08, day=21)
Partition default.nginx_accesslog{year=2014, month=08, day=21} stats: [numFiles=1, numRows=0, totalSize=3483, rawDataSize=0]
OK
Time taken: 1.046 seconds
hive> select count(0) from nginx_accesslog;
Total jobs = 1
Launching Job 1 out of 1
Number of reduce tasks determined at compile time: 1
In order to change the average load for a reducer (in bytes):
  set hive.exec.reducers.bytes.per.reducer=<number>
In order to limit the maximum number of reducers:
  set hive.exec.reducers.max=<number>
In order to set a constant number of reducers:
  set mapreduce.job.reduces=<number>
Starting Job = job_1408550631561_0005, Tracking URL = http://m1:8088/proxy/application_1408550631561_0005/
Kill Command = /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.2.0/bin/hadoop job  -kill job_1408550631561_0005
Hadoop job information for Stage-1: number of mappers: 1; number of reducers: 1
2014-08-22 23:19:55,322 Stage-1 map = 0%,  reduce = 0%
2014-08-22 23:20:01,669 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 0.74 sec
2014-08-22 23:20:08,926 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 100%, Cumulative CPU 1.59 sec
MapReduce Total cumulative CPU time: 1 seconds 590 msec
Ended Job = job_1408550631561_0005
MapReduce Jobs Launched:
Job 0: Map: 1  Reduce: 1   Cumulative CPU: 1.59 sec   HDFS Read: 3734 HDFS Write: 3 SUCCESS
Total MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 1 seconds 590 msec
OK
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Time taken: 24.762 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive>
 
　　　　　　方法二：从HDFS导入数据,我们先将表删除，重新创建一次，然后尝试从HDFS导入数据
　　#先用Hadoop命令，将文件上传到HDFS中
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root@m1:/home/hadoop# /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.2.0/bin/hadoop fs -copyFromLocal /home/hadoop/hive-0.13.1/a.com.access.20140821.log /user/hive/warehouse/nginxlog/
root@m1:/home/hadoop# /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.2.0/bin/hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/nginxlog
Found 1 items
-rw-r--r--   3 root supergroup       3483 2014-08-22 23:18 /user/hive/warehouse/nginxlog/a.com.access.20140821.log
root@m1:/home/hadoop#
 
　　#执行Hive命令，从HDFS导入数据，然后使用SELECT语句，可以看到Nginx的日志数据已经成功导入到Hive表中
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#先删除表
hive> drop table nginx_accesslog;
OK
Time taken: 0.363 seconds
hive>
#再创建表
....此处省略，参考上文命令重新创建一次
#从HDFS导入数据（如果文件存在，要先删除），从下图可以看到，数据导入成功
hive> LOAD DATA inpath ‘/user/hive/warehouse/nginxlog/a.com.access.20140821.log‘ overwrite INTO TABLE nginx_accesslog partition (YEAR=‘2014‘, MONTH=‘08‘,DAY=‘21‘);
Loading data to table default.nginx_accesslog partition (year=2014, month=08, day=21)
Partition default.nginx_accesslog{year=2014, month=08, day=21} stats: [numFiles=1, numRows=0, totalSize=3483, rawDataSize=0]
OK
Time taken: 0.373 seconds
hive> select * from nginx_accesslog limit 100;
OK
8.8.8.8 -       22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800      GET     /       HTTP/1.1        200     2373    -       Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36 -       2.78    0.004   2683    369     unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock     200     0.004   2014    08      21
8.8.8.8 -       22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800      GET     8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/css/base.css   HTTP/1.1        200     940     http://xxx.com/ Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36 -       -       0.000   1247    373     -       -       -       2014    08      21
8.8.8.8 -       22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800      GET     8.8.8.8/a3e2e507/jquery.min.js  HTTP/1.1        200     93636   http://xxx.com/ Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36 -       -       0.152   93976   359     -       -       -       2014    08      21
8.8.8.8 -       22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800      GET     8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/logo.png HTTP/1.1        200     6059    http://xxx.com/ Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36 -       -       0.000   6369    377     -       -       -       2014    08      21
8.8.8.8 -       22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800      GET     8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/p02.jpg  HTTP/1.1        200     22177   http://xxx.com/ Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36 -       -       0.000   22489   376     -       -       -       2014    08      21
8.8.8.8 -       22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800      GET     8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/p03.png  HTTP/1.1        200     3012    http://xxx.com/ Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36 -       -       0.000   3321    376     -       -       -       2014    08      21
8.8.8.8 -       22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800      GET     8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/two-dimension-code1.png  HTTP/1.1        200     761     http://xxx.com/ Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36 -       -       0.000   1069    392     -       -       -       2014    08      21
8.8.8.8 -       22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800      GET     8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/bg.png   HTTP/1.1        200     11474   http://xxx.com/ Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36 -       -       0.000   11785   375     -       -       -       2014    08      21
8.8.8.8 -       22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800      GET     8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/p04.png  HTTP/1.1        200     2860    http://xxx.com/ Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36 -       -       0.000   3169    376     -       -       -       2014    08      21
8.8.8.8 -       22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800      GET     8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/p06.png  HTTP/1.1        200     74097   http://xxx.com/ Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36 -       -       0.062   74409   376     -       -       -       2014    08      21
8.8.8.8 -       22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800      GET     8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/p05.png  HTTP/1.1        200     132072  http://xxx.com/ Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36 -       -       0.256   132385  376     -       -       -       2014    08      21
8.8.8.8 -       22/Aug/2014:20:23:46 +0800      GET     8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/p07.png  HTTP/1.1        200     207987  http://xxx.com/ Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36 -       -       0.592   208300  376     -       -       -       2014    08      21
8.8.8.8 -       22/Aug/2014:20:23:46 +0800      GET     8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/p01.png  HTTP/1.1        200     310418  http://xxx.com/ Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36 -       -       0.918   310731  376     -       -       -       2014    08      21
Time taken: 0.056 seconds, Fetched: 13 row(s)
hive>
 
　　　　　　方法三：通过如Flume、Kafka一类的工具监控日志数据，自动导入
　　　就不在这里细说，可以参考这两篇文章里面的实例，根据自己的业务需求修改代码：《Flume1.5.0的安装、部署、简单应用(含分布式、与hadoop2.2.0、hbase0.96的案例)》、《Flume+Kafka+Strom基于分布式环境的结合使用》
 
　　　　4)在Hive中创建Hbase可以识别的表
　　#在Hive中创建Hbase可以识别的表，相当于一张中间表了。同时将之前的测试数据导入到这张中间表，会自动同步到Hbase。
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CREATE TABLE h2b_nginx_accesslog(
key int,
host string,
hostuser string,
times string,
requestmethond string,
requesturl string,
requesthttp string,
status string,
body_bytes_sent string,
referer string,
useragent string,
http_x_forwarded_for string,
gzip_ratio string,
request_time string,
bytes_sent string,
request_length string,
upstream_addr string,
upstream_status string,
upstream_response_time string)
STORED BY ‘org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler‘
WITH SERDEPROPERTIES ("hbase.columns.mapping" = ":key,log:host,log:hostuser,log:times,log:requestmethond,log:requesturl,log:requesthttp,log:status,log:body_bytes_sent,log:referer,log:useragent,log:http_x_forwarded_for,log:gzip_ratio,log:request_time,log:bytes_sent,log:request_length,log:upstream_addr,log:upstream_status,log:upstream_response_time") TBLPROPERTIES ("hbase.table.name" = "h2b_nginx_accesslog");
　　#这时在Hbase中，可以看到h2b_nginx_accesslog表自动创建了；
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hbase(main):002:0> list
TABLE                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
h2b_nginx_accesslog                                                                                                                                                                                                         
1 row(s) in 0.1220 seconds
 
=> ["h2b_nginx_accesslog"]
/*　　查看表结构时，只会显示列族，而不会显示列。Hbase表中的每个列，都归属与某个列族。列族是表的chema的一部分(而列不是)。*/
hbase(main):003:0> describe "h2b_nginx_accesslog"
DESCRIPTION                                                                                                                                ENABLED                                                                    
 ‘h2b_nginx_accesslog‘, {NAME => ‘log‘, DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => ‘NONE‘, BLOOMFILTER => ‘ROW‘, REPLICATION_SCOPE => ‘0‘, VERSIONS => ‘1‘, CO true                                                                       
 MPRESSION => ‘NONE‘, MIN_VERSIONS => ‘0‘, TTL => ‘2147483647‘, KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => ‘false‘, BLOCKSIZE => ‘65536‘, IN_MEMORY => ‘false‘,                                                                            
  BLOCKCACHE => ‘true‘}                                                                                                                                                                                               
1 row(s) in 0.5890 seconds
 
hbase(main):004:0>
　　　　5)将Hive的日志表，使用自增长Id做为rowkey导入到Hbase可识别的表中
　　#将Hive的日志表（nginx_accesslog）导入到表（h2b_nginx_accesslog）中，会自动同步到hbase。
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insert overwrite table h2b_nginx_accesslog
select a.*
from (select
rowSequence(),
host,
hostuser,
times,
requestmethond,
requesturl,
requesthttp,
status,
body_bytes_sent,
referer,
useragent,
http_x_forwarded_for,
gzip_ratio,
request_time,
bytes_sent,
request_length,
upstream_addr,
upstream_status,
upstream_response_time
from nginx_accesslog) a;
　　#导入到中间表时运行的结果,如果你也能够看到和下面类似的日志，恭喜你成功了。
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hive> insert overwrite table h2b_nginx_accesslog
    > select a.*
    > from (select
    > rowSequence(),
    > host,
    > hostuser,
    > times,
    > requestmethond,
    > requesturl,
    > requesthttp,
    > status,
    > body_bytes_sent,
    > referer,
    > useragent,
    > http_x_forwarded_for,
    > gzip_ratio,
    > request_time,
    > bytes_sent,
    > request_length,
    > upstream_addr,
    > upstream_status,
    > upstream_response_time
    > from nginx_accesslog) a;
Total jobs = 1
Launching Job 1 out of 1
Number of reduce tasks is set to 0 since there‘s no reduce operator
Starting Job = job_1408550631561_0017, Tracking URL = http://m1:8088/proxy/application_1408550631561_0017/
Kill Command = /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.2.0/bin/hadoop job  -kill job_1408550631561_0017
Hadoop job information for Stage-0: number of mappers: 1; number of reducers: 0
2014-08-24 11:57:24,051 Stage-0 map = 0%,  reduce = 0%
2014-08-24 11:57:32,403 Stage-0 map = 100%,  reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 1.96 sec
MapReduce Total cumulative CPU time: 1 seconds 960 msec
Ended Job = job_1408550631561_0017
MapReduce Jobs Launched:
Job 0: Map: 1   Cumulative CPU: 1.96 sec   HDFS Read: 3734 HDFS Write: 0 SUCCESS
Total MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 1 seconds 960 msec
OK
Time taken: 20.378 seconds
hive>
　　　　6)到Hbase中验证效果使用get、scan、filter获取指定数据
　　#我们再登录到Hbase中看数据是否已经导入
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hbase(main):013:0> get "h2b_nginx_accesslog",1
COLUMN                                                 CELL                                                                                                                                                           
 log:body_bytes_sent                                   timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/2373
 log:bytes_sent                                        timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/2683
 log:gzip_ratio                                        timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/2.78
 log:host                                              timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/8.8.8.8
 log:hostuser                                          timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/-
 log:http_x_forwarded_for                              timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/-
 log:referer                                           timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/-
 log:request_length                                    timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/369
 log:request_time                                      timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/0.004
 log:requesthttp                                       timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/HTTP/1.1
 log:requestmethond                                    timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/GET
 log:requesturl                                        timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/
 log:status                                            timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/200
 log:times                                             timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800
 log:upstream_addr                                     timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock
 log:upstream_response_time                            timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/0.004
 log:upstream_status                                   timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/200
 log:useragent                                         timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36          
18 row(s) in 0.0440 seconds
hbase(main):015:0> get "h2b_nginx_accesslog",1,{COLUMN => ‘log:useragent‘}
COLUMN                                                 CELL                                                                                                                                                           
 log:useragent                                         timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Safari/537.36          
1 row(s) in 0.0080 seconds
　　#使用Filter过滤requesturl列中包含p04.png的记录,使用之前要先导入子串
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hbase(main):031:0> import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.CompareFilter
hbase(main):032:0> import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.SingleColumnValueFilter
hbase(main):033:0> import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.SubstringComparator
hbase(main):034:0> import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes
hbase(main):035:0> scan "h2b_nginx_accesslog",{FILTER => SingleColumnValueFilter.new(Bytes.toBytes(‘log‘),Bytes.toBytes(‘requesturl‘),CompareFilter::CompareOp.valueOf(‘EQUAL‘),SubstringComparator.new(‘p04.png‘))}
ROW                                                    COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                                    
 9                                                     column=log:body_bytes_sent, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/2860
 9                                                     column=log:bytes_sent, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/3169
 9                                                     column=log:gzip_ratio, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/-
 9                                                     column=log:host, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/8.8.8.8
 9                                                     column=log:hostuser, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/-
 9                                                     column=log:http_x_forwarded_for, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/-
 9                                                     column=log:referer, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://xxx.com/                                                                                             
 9                                                     column=log:request_length, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/376
 9                                                     column=log:request_time, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/0.000
 9                                                     column=log:requesthttp, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/HTTP/1.1
 9                                                     column=log:requestmethond, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/GET
 9                                                     column=log:requesturl, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/8.8.8.8/b519d8ca/image/p04.png
 9                                                     column=log:status, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/200
 9                                                     column=log:times, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/22/Aug/2014:20:23:45 +0800
 9                                                     column=log:upstream_addr, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/-
 9                                                     column=log:upstream_response_time, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/-
 9                                                     column=log:upstream_status, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/-
 9                                                     column=log:useragent, timestamp=1408852652522, value=http://www.mamicode.com/Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.0 Sa
                                                       fari/537.36                                                                                                                                                    
1 row(s) in 0.0320 seconds
 
hbase(main):036:0>
　　四、FAQ
　　1)如果导入的内容使用select查看时，发现是null，那可能是你的正则写的有问题，可以使用下面这个工具验证你的正则是否有问题。
　　#http://regex101.com，一个在线的正则表达式工具，很好用，如下图。
　　#在线测试通过后，将正则表达式，复制到一个文本文件中，进行两次转义字符的替换就可以使用了，第1次，将一个右斜杠去你的成两个右斜杠：‘\‘替换成‘\\‘；第二次将双引号替换成斜框双引号‘"‘替换成‘\"‘

 
　　2)如果提示“org.apache.hadoop.hive.contrib.serde2.RegexSerDe”相关的错误，请在hive中执行以下命令：
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hive> add jar /home/hjl/hive/lib/hive_contrib.jar;
 
　　五、扩展阅读
　　LanguageManual DDL
　　HBase shell 简单使用
　　Add Built-In Hive UDFs on HDInsight Azure
　　overwrite在hive内部表及外部表特性
　　Hive几种数据导入方式
　　hive的内部表与外部表创建
　　Hive基本命令整理
 
 
　　本文中提到的Java代码下载地址：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1c0hD4n2
 
----------------------------------------
博文作者：迦壹
博客地址：Nginx日志导入到Hive,同步Hbase,设置RowKey为autoincrement(ID自增长)
转载声明：可以转载, 但必须以超链接形式标 明文章原始出处和作者信息及版权声明，谢谢合作！
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Nginx日志导入到Hive0.13.1,同步Hbase0.96.2,设置RowKey为autoincrement(ID自增长)


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