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HashTable Dictionary HashMap

脑海中一直存在两个Hash,一个是HashMap另一个是HashTable,今天来总结一下两者的区别

HashTable和HashMap

相同点:表示根据键的哈希代码进行组织的键/值对的集合。

区别:HashMap在C#中不存在的,而是在Java中

1.C#每一个元素都是存储在DictionaryEntry对象中的键/值对,键不能为 null,但值可以。

2.在Java的HashMap中,null可以作为键,这样的键只有一个;可以有一个或多个键所对应的值为null。当get()方法返回null值时,即可以表示HashMap中没有该键,也可以表示该键所对应的值为null。
因此,在HashMap中不能由get()方法来判断HashMap中是否存在某个键,而应该用containsKey()方法来判断

 

using System;
using System.Collections;
 
namespace MyCollection
{
    public class HashTableExample
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            // Create a new hash table.
            Hashtable openWith = new Hashtable();
 
            // key没有重复, 但是value有重复.
            openWith.Add("txt", "notepad.exe");
            openWith.Add("bmp", "paint.exe");
            openWith.Add("dib", "paint.exe");
            openWith.Add("rtf", "wordpad.exe");
 
            //如果key重复,进行catch处理
            try
            {
                openWith.Add("txt", "winword.exe");
            }
            catch
            {
                Console.WriteLine("An element with Key = \"txt\" already exists.");
            }
 
            // 通过key获取value
            Console.WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = http://www.mamicode.com/{0}.", openWith["rtf"]);
 
            //替换value
            openWith["rtf"] = "winword.exe";
            Console.WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = http://www.mamicode.com/{0}.", openWith["rtf"]);
 
            //遍历HashTable
            foreach (DictionaryEntry de in openWith)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(de.Key);
            }
 
            //获取Keys
            ICollection keCollection = openWith.Keys;
            foreach (string s in keCollection)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("key = {0}",s);
            }
 
            //删除指定的key
            openWith.Remove("doc");
            if (!openWith.Contains("doc"))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Key\"doc\" is not found");
            }
        }
    }
}
image

HashTable和Dictionary的区别

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 
namespace MyCollection
{
    class HashTableDictionary
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Hashtable hashtable = new Hashtable();
            hashtable.Add("8","Name8");
            hashtable.Add("2", "Name5");
            hashtable.Add("5", "Name2");
            hashtable.Add("1", "Name1");
            foreach (var hash in hashtable.Keys)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(hash.ToString());
            }
            Console.WriteLine();
 
            Dictionary<int,string> dict = new Dictionary<int, string>();
            dict.Add(8, "Name8");
            dict.Add(2, "Name5");
            dict.Add(5, "Name2");
            dict.Add(1, "Name1");
            foreach (var _dict1 in dict.Keys)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(_dict1);
            }
 
            Console.WriteLine();
            Dictionary<string, string> dict2 = new Dictionary<string, string>();
            dict2.Add("8", "Name8");
            dict2.Add("2", "Name5");
            dict2.Add("5", "Name2");
            dict2.Add("1", "Name1");
            foreach (var _dict2 in dict2.Keys)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(_dict2);
            }
        }
    }
}
 

image

HashTable Dictionary HashMap