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Mina、Netty、Twisted一起学(五):整合protobuf

protobuf是谷歌的Protocol Buffers的简称,用于结构化数据和字节码之间互相转换(序列化、反序列化),一般应用于网络传输,可支持多种编程语言。

protobuf如何使用这里不再介绍,本文主要介绍在MINA、Netty、Twisted中如何使用protobuf,不了解protobuf的同学可以去参考我的另一篇博文。

在前面的一篇博文中,有介绍到一种用一个固定为4字节的前缀Header来指定Body的字节数的一种消息分割方式,在这里同样要使用到。只是其中Body的内容不再是字符串,而是protobuf字节码。

在处理业务逻辑时,肯定不希望还要对数据进行序列化和反序列化,而是希望直接操作一个对象,那么就需要有相应的编码器和解码器,将序列化和反序列化的逻辑写在编码器和解码器中。有关编码器和解码器的实现,上一篇博文中有介绍。

Netty包中已经自带针对protobuf的编码器和解码器,那么就不用再自己去实现了。而MINA、Twisted还需要自己去实现protobuf的编码器和解码器。

这里定义一个protobuf数据结构,用于描述一个学生的信息,保存为StudentMsg.proto文件:

message Student {      // ID      required int32 id = 1;          // 姓名      required string name = 2;        // email      optional string email = 3;        // 朋友      repeated string friends = 4;  }  

用StudentMsg.proto分别生成Java和Python代码,将代码加入到相应的项目中。生成的代码就不再贴上来了。

下面分别介绍在Netty、MINA、Twisted如何使用protobuf来传输Student信息。

Netty:

Netty自带protobuf的编码器和解码器,分别是ProtobufEncoder和ProtobufDecoder。需要注意的是,ProtobufEncoder和ProtobufDecoder只负责protobuf的序列化和反序列化,而处理消息Header前缀和消息分割的还需要LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder和LengthFieldPrepender。LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder即用于解析消息Header前缀,根据Header中指定的Body字节数截取Body,LengthFieldPrepender用于在wirte消息时在消息前面添加一个Header前缀来指定Body字节数。

public class TcpServer {        public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {          EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();          EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();          try {              ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();              b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)                      .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)                      .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {                          @Override                          public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)                                  throws Exception {                              ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();                                  // 负责通过4字节Header指定的Body长度将消息切割                              pipeline.addLast("frameDecoder",                                       new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(1048576, 0, 4, 0, 4));                                                            // 负责将frameDecoder处理后的完整的一条消息的protobuf字节码转成Student对象                              pipeline.addLast("protobufDecoder",                                      new ProtobufDecoder(StudentMsg.Student.getDefaultInstance()));                                // 负责将写入的字节码加上4字节Header前缀来指定Body长度                              pipeline.addLast("frameEncoder", new LengthFieldPrepender(4));                                                            // 负责将Student对象转成protobuf字节码                              pipeline.addLast("protobufEncoder", new ProtobufEncoder());                                pipeline.addLast(new TcpServerHandler());                          }                      });              ChannelFuture f = b.bind(8080).sync();              f.channel().closeFuture().sync();          } finally {              workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();              bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();          }      }  } 

处理事件时,接收和发送的参数直接就是Student对象:

public class TcpServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {        @Override      public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {                    // 读取客户端传过来的Student对象          StudentMsg.Student student = (StudentMsg.Student) msg;          System.out.println("ID:" + student.getId());          System.out.println("Name:" + student.getName());          System.out.println("Email:" + student.getEmail());          System.out.println("Friends:");          List<String> friends = student.getFriendsList();          for(String friend : friends) {              System.out.println(friend);          }            // 新建一个Student对象传到客户端          StudentMsg.Student.Builder builder = StudentMsg.Student.newBuilder();          builder.setId(9);          builder.setName("服务器");          builder.setEmail("123@abc.com");          builder.addFriends("X");          builder.addFriends("Y");          StudentMsg.Student student2 = builder.build();          ctx.writeAndFlush(student2);      }        @Override      public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {          cause.printStackTrace();          ctx.close();      }  }  

MINA:

在MINA中没有针对protobuf的编码器和解码器,但是可以自己实现一个功能和Netty一样的编码器和解码器。

编码器:

public class MinaProtobufEncoder extends ProtocolEncoderAdapter {        @Override      public void encode(IoSession session, Object message,              ProtocolEncoderOutput out) throws Exception {            StudentMsg.Student student = (StudentMsg.Student) message;          byte[] bytes = student.toByteArray(); // Student对象转为protobuf字节码          int length = bytes.length;                    IoBuffer buffer = IoBuffer.allocate(length + 4);          buffer.putInt(length); // write header          buffer.put(bytes); // write body          buffer.flip();          out.write(buffer);      }  }  

解码器:

public class MinaProtobufDecoder extends CumulativeProtocolDecoder {        @Override      protected boolean doDecode(IoSession session, IoBuffer in,              ProtocolDecoderOutput out) throws Exception {            // 如果没有接收完Header部分(4字节),直接返回false          if (in.remaining() < 4) {              return false;          } else {                // 标记开始位置,如果一条消息没传输完成则返回到这个位置              in.mark();                // 读取header部分,获取body长度              int bodyLength = in.getInt();                // 如果body没有接收完整,直接返回false              if (in.remaining() < bodyLength) {                  in.reset(); // IoBuffer position回到原来标记的地方                  return false;              } else {                  byte[] bodyBytes = new byte[bodyLength];                  in.get(bodyBytes); // 读取body部分                  StudentMsg.Student student = StudentMsg.Student.parseFrom(bodyBytes); // 将body中protobuf字节码转成Student对象                  out.write(student); // 解析出一条消息                  return true;              }          }      }  }  

MINA服务器加入protobuf的编码器和解码器:

public class TcpServer {        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {          IoAcceptor acceptor = new NioSocketAcceptor();            // 指定protobuf的编码器和解码器          acceptor.getFilterChain().addLast("codec",                  new ProtocolCodecFilter(new MinaProtobufEncoder(), new MinaProtobufDecoder()));            acceptor.setHandler(new TcpServerHandle());          acceptor.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));      }  }  

这样,在处理业务逻辑时,就和Netty一样了:

public class TcpServerHandle extends IoHandlerAdapter {        @Override      public void exceptionCaught(IoSession session, Throwable cause)              throws Exception {          cause.printStackTrace();      }            @Override      public void messageReceived(IoSession session, Object message)              throws Exception {            // 读取客户端传过来的Student对象          StudentMsg.Student student = (StudentMsg.Student) message;          System.out.println("ID:" + student.getId());          System.out.println("Name:" + student.getName());          System.out.println("Email:" + student.getEmail());          System.out.println("Friends:");          List<String> friends = student.getFriendsList();          for(String friend : friends) {              System.out.println(friend);          }            // 新建一个Student对象传到客户端          StudentMsg.Student.Builder builder = StudentMsg.Student.newBuilder();          builder.setId(9);          builder.setName("服务器");          builder.setEmail("123@abc.com");          builder.addFriends("X");          builder.addFriends("Y");          StudentMsg.Student student2 = builder.build();          session.write(student2);      }  }  

Twisted:

在Twisted中,首先定义一个ProtobufProtocol类,继承Protocol类,充当编码器和解码器。处理业务逻辑的TcpServerHandle类再继承ProtobufProtocol类,调用或重写ProtobufProtocol提供的方法。

# -*- coding:utf-8 –*-    from struct import pack, unpack  from twisted.internet.protocol import Factory  from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol  from twisted.internet import reactor  import StudentMsg_pb2    # protobuf编码、解码器  class ProtobufProtocol(Protocol):        # 用于暂时存放接收到的数据      _buffer = b""        def dataReceived(self, data):          # 上次未处理的数据加上本次接收到的数据          self._buffer = self._buffer + data          # 一直循环直到新的消息没有接收完整          while True:              # 如果header接收完整              if len(self._buffer) >= 4:                  # header部分,按大字节序转int,获取body长度                  length, = unpack(">I", self._buffer[0:4])                  # 如果body接收完整                  if len(self._buffer) >= 4 + length:                      # body部分,protobuf字节码                      packet = self._buffer[4:4 + length]                                            # protobuf字节码转成Student对象                      student = StudentMsg_pb2.Student()                      student.ParseFromString(packet)                                            # 调用protobufReceived传入Student对象                      self.protobufReceived(student)                                            # 去掉_buffer中已经处理的消息部分                      self._buffer = self._buffer[4 + length:]                  else:                      break;              else:                  break;        def protobufReceived(self, student):          raise NotImplementedError        def sendProtobuf(self, student):          # Student对象转为protobuf字节码          data =http://www.mamicode.com/ student.SerializeToString()          # 添加Header前缀指定protobuf字节码长度          self.transport.write(pack(">I", len(data)) + data)    # 逻辑代码  class TcpServerHandle(ProtobufProtocol):        # 实现ProtobufProtocol提供的protobufReceived      def protobufReceived(self, student):            # 将接收到的Student输出          print ID: + str(student.id)          print Name: + student.name          print Email: + student.email          print Friends:          for friend in student.friends:              print friend            # 创建一个Student并发送给客户端          student2 = StudentMsg_pb2.Student()          student2.id = 9          student2.name = 服务器.decode(UTF-8) # 中文需要转成UTF-8字符串          student2.email = 123@abc.com          student2.friends.append(X)          student2.friends.append(Y)          self.sendProtobuf(student2)    factory = Factory()  factory.protocol = TcpServerHandle  reactor.listenTCP(8080, factory)  reactor.run()  

下面是Java编写的一个客户端测试程序:

public class TcpClient {        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {            Socket socket = null;          DataOutputStream out = null;          DataInputStream in = null;                    try {                socket = new Socket("localhost", 8080);              out = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());              in = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());                            // 创建一个Student传给服务器              StudentMsg.Student.Builder builder = StudentMsg.Student.newBuilder();              builder.setId(1);              builder.setName("客户端");              builder.setEmail("xxg@163.com");              builder.addFriends("A");              builder.addFriends("B");              StudentMsg.Student student = builder.build();              byte[] outputBytes = student.toByteArray(); // Student转成字节码              out.writeInt(outputBytes.length); // write header              out.write(outputBytes); // write body              out.flush();                            // 获取服务器传过来的Student              int bodyLength = in.readInt();  // read header              byte[] bodyBytes = new byte[bodyLength];              in.readFully(bodyBytes);  // read body              StudentMsg.Student student2 = StudentMsg.Student.parseFrom(bodyBytes); // body字节码解析成Student              System.out.println("Header:" + bodyLength);              System.out.println("Body:");              System.out.println("ID:" + student2.getId());              System.out.println("Name:" + student2.getName());              System.out.println("Email:" + student2.getEmail());              System.out.println("Friends:");              List<String> friends = student2.getFriendsList();              for(String friend : friends) {                  System.out.println(friend);              }            } finally {              // 关闭连接              in.close();              out.close();              socket.close();          }      }  }  

用客户端分别测试上面三个TCP服务器:

服务器输出:

ID:1
Name:客户端
Email:xxg@163.com
Friends:
A
B

客户端输出:

Header:32
Body:
ID:9
Name:服务器
Email:123@abc.com
Friends:
X
Y

Mina、Netty、Twisted一起学(五):整合protobuf