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[LeetCode] 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters

 

Given a string, find the length of the longest substring without repeating characters.

Examples:

Given "abcabcbb", the answer is "abc", which the length is 3.

Given "bbbbb", the answer is "b", with the length of 1.

Given "pwwkew", the answer is "wke", with the length of 3. Note that the answer must be a substring, "pwke" is a subsequence and not a substring.

 

解法: 建立一个大小为256整形数组,用来记录每个字符上一次出现的位置。longest记录最长的子串长度,left记录当前子串的起始位置。对于每一个遍历到的字符,如果它曾经出现过(即位置值不为-1)并且left标识在位置值的左方(即left<位置值),则需将left标识移到当前字符之后;否则left无需变化。然后计算当前子串长度,如果大于longest则更新longest。最后记录当前字符的位置值。该算法时间复杂度为O(n),空间复杂度为O(1)。

public class Solution {
    public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
        int[] flags = new int[256];  // 最多有256个字符
        Arrays.fill(flags, -1);  // 初始标示为-1
        int longest = 0;
        int left = -1;  // 纪录当前最长子串的起始点
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
            int index = s.charAt(i);
            // 如果当前字符已出现过并且在left的右侧,则将left移动到上次出现的位置之后
            if (flags[index] > left)
                left = flags[index];
            if (longest < (i - left))
                longest = i - left;
            flags[index] = i;  // 纪录下当前字符的位置
        }
        return longest;
    }
}

 

ps: 如果考虑用队列实现(即将当前字符添加到队列中,如果前面有出现过,则将出现过的字符及其之前的字符全部移除队列),由于每次都需要查找队列中是否有与当前字符相同的字符,增加了不必要的消耗,因此效率较低。

[LeetCode] 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters