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Red hat 5 、6 和 7 常用命令对比


System basics
TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
View subscription information/etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid/etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid 
subscription-manager identity
subscription-manager identity
Configure subscriptionrhn_register 
subscription-manager 1
rhn_register 
rhnreg_ks 
subscription-manager
subscription-manager2 
rhn_register 3
View RHEL version information/etc/redhat-release
View system profilesosreport 
dmidecode 
hwbrowser
sosreport 
dmidecode 
lstopo 
lscpu




Basic configuration


TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
Graphical configuration toolssystem-config-*gnome-control-center
Text-based configuration toolssystem-config-*-tui
Configure printersystem-config-printer
Configure networksystem-config-networknmcli 
nmtui 
nm-connection-editor
Configure system languagesystem-config-languagelocalectl
Configure time and datesystem-config-date 
date
timedatectl 
date
Synchronize time and datentpdate 
/etc/ntp.conf
timedatectl 
/etc/chrony.conf 
ntpdate
Configure keyboardsystem-config-keyboardlocalectl
Configure SSH/etc/ssh/ssh_config 
/etc/ssh/sshd_config 
~/.ssh/config ssh-keygen




Jobs and services

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
List all serviceschkconfig --list 
ls /etc/init.d/
systemctl -at service 
ls /etc/systemd/system/*.service 
ls /usr/lib/systemd/system/*.service
List running servicesservice --status-allsystemctl -t service --state=active
Start/stop serviceservice name start 
service name stop
systemctl start name.service 
systemctl stop name.service
Enable/disable servicechkconfig name on 
chkconfig name off
systemctl enable name.service 
systemctl disable name.service
View service statusservice name statussystemctl status name.service
Check if service is enabledchkconfig name --listsystemctl is-enabled name
Create new service file or modify configurationchkconfig --addsystemctl daemon-reload 
/etc/systemd/system/*.service
View run level/targetrunlevel 
who -r
systemctl get-default 
who -r
Change run level/target/etc/inittab 
init run_level
systemctl isolate name.target
systemctl set-default
Configure logging/etc/syslog.conf/etc/rsyslog.conf/etc/rsyslog.conf 
/etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf 
/var/log/journal 
systemd-journald.service
View logs/var/log/var/log 
journalctl
Configure system auditadd audit=1 to kernel cmdline 
auditctl 
/etc/audit/auditd.conf 
/etc/audit/audit.rules 
authconfig 
/etc/pam.d/system-auth 
pam_tty_audit kernel module
View audit outputaureport /var/log/faillog
Schedule/batch taskscron 
at 
batch
Find file by namelocate
Find file by characteristicfind
Create archivetar 
cpio 
zip



Kernel, boot, and hardware

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
Single user/rescue modeappend 1 or s or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdlineappend rd.break or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline
Shut down systemshutdown
Power off systempoweroffpoweroff 
systemctl poweroff
Halt systemhalthalt 
systemctl halt
Reboot systemrebootreboot 
systemctl reboot
Configure default run level/target/etc/inittabsystemctl set-default
Configure GRUB bootloader/boot/grub/grub.conf/etc/default/grub 
grub2-mkconfig 
grub-set-default
Configure kernel modulemodprobe
View hardware configuredhwbrowserlshw (in EPEL)
Configure hardware deviceudev
View kernel parameterssysctl -a 
cat /proc/cmdline
Load kernel modulemodprobe
Remove kernel modulemodprobe -r
View kernel versionrpm -q kernel 
uname -r



Software management

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
Install softwareyum install 
yum groupinstall
yum install 
yum group install
View software infoyum info 
yum groupinfo
yum info 
yum group info
Update softwareyum update
Upgrade softwareyum upgrade
Configure software repositorysubscription-manager repos 
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
Find package owning filerpm -qf filename 
yum provides filename-glob
View software versionrpm -q packagename
View installed softwarerpm -qa 
yum list installed


User management

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
Graphical user managementsystem-config-users
Create user accountuseradd
Delete user accountuserdel
View/change user account detailsusermod 
/etc/passwd 
vipw 
id
Create user groupgroupadd
Delete user groupgroupdel
Change group detailsgroupmod 
/etc/group
Change user passwordpasswd
Change user permissionsusermod 
visudo
Change group permissionsgroupmod 
visudo
Change password policychage
View user sessionsw



File systems, volumes, and disks

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
Default file systemext3ext4xfs
Create/modify disk partitionsfdisk 
parted
fdisk 
gdisk 
parted 
ssm create
Format disk partitionmkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs) 
mkswap
mkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs) 
mkswap 
ssm create
Defragment disk spacecopy data to new file system 
fsck (look for ‘non-contiguous inodes‘)
copy data to new file system 
fsck (look for ‘non-contiguous inodes‘) 
xfs_fsr
Mount storagemount 
/etc/fstab
mount 
/etc/fstab 
ssm mount
Mount and activate swap/etc/fstab 
swapon -a
Configure static mounts/etc/fstab
View free disk spacedf
View logical volume infolvdisplay 
lvs 
vgdisplay 
vgs 
pvdisplay 
pvs
Create physical volumepvcreatepvcreate 
ssm create (if backend is lvm)
Create volume groupvgcreatevgcreate 
ssm create (if backend is lvm)
Create logical volumelvcreatelvcreate 
ssm create (if backend is lvm)
Enlarge volumes formatted with default file systemvgextend 
lvextend 
resize2fs
vgextend 
lvextend 
xfs_growfs 
ssm resize
Shrink volumes formatted with default file systemresize2fs 
lvreduce 
vgreduce
XFS cannot currently be shrunk; copy desired data to a smaller file system.
Check/repair file systemfsckfsck 
ssm check
View NFS shareshowmount -e 
mount
Configure NFS share/etc/exports 
service nfs reload
/etc/exports 
systemctl reload nfs.service
Configure on-demand auto-mounts/etc/auto.master.d/*.autofs 
/etc/auto.*
Change file permissionschmod 
chown 
chgrp 
umask (future file creation)
Change file attributeschattr
Change access control listsetfacl


Networking

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
Configure name resolution/etc/hosts 
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/hosts 
/etc/resolv.conf 
nmcli con mod
Configure hostname/etc/sysconfig/networkhostnamectl        
/etc/hostname 
nmtui
View network interface infoip addr 
ifconfig 
brctl
ip addr 
nmcli dev show 
teamdctl 
brctl 
bridge
Configure network interface/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-*/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-*        
nmcli con [add|mod|edit] 
nmtui 
nm-connection-editor
View routesip route
Configure routesip route add 
system-config-network 
/etc/sysconfig/route-iface
ip route add 
nmcli 
nmtui 
nm-connection-editor 
/etc/sysconfig/route-iface
Configure firewalliptables and ip6tables 
/etc/sysconfig/ip*tables
iptables and ip6tables 
/etc/sysconfig/ip*tables 
system-config-firewall
firewall-cmd 
firewall-config
View ports/socketsss 
lsof 
netstat
ss 
lsof


Security and identity

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
Configure system security/etc/selinux/config 
chcon 
restorecon 
semanage 
setsebool 
system-config-selinux
Report on system securitysealert
LDAP, SSSD, Kerberosauthconfig 
authconfig-tui 
authconfig-gtk
Network usersgetent


Resource management

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
Trace system callsstrace
Trace library callsltrace
Change process prioritynice 
renice
Change process run locationtaskset
Kill a processkill 
pkill 
killall
View system usagetop 
ps 
sar 
iostat 
netstat 
vmstat 
mpstat 
numastat
top 
ps 
sar 
iostat 
netstat 
ss 
vmstat 
mpstat 
numastat 
tuna
top 
ps 
sar 
iostat 
ss 
vmstat 
mpstat 
numastat 
tuna
View disk usagedfdf 
iostat















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Red hat 5 、6 和 7 常用命令对比