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转: Android异步加载图像小结

转:http://blog.csdn.net/sgl870927/article/details/6285535

研究了android从网络上异步加载图像,现总结如下:

(1)由于android UI更新支持单一线程原则,所以从网络上取数据并更新到界面上,为了不阻塞主线程首先可能会想到以下方法。

     在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,加载图像方法如下所示

private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {         handler.post(new Runnable() {                public void run() {                    Drawable drawable = null;                    try {                        drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");                    } catch (IOException e) {                    }                    ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);                }            });    }

上面这个方法缺点很显然,经测试,如果要加载多个图片,这并不能实现异步加载,而是等到所有的图片都加载完才一起显示,因为它们都运行在一个线程中。

然后,我们可以简单改进下,将Handler+Runnable模式改为Handler+Thread+Message模式不就能实现同时开启多个线程吗?

(2)在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,代码如下:

 final Handler handler2=new Handler(){          @Override          public void handleMessage(Message msg) {             ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);          }      };

   对应加载图像代码如下:  

//采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载

  private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {         Thread thread = new Thread(){             @Override             public void run() {               Drawable drawable = null;                    try {                        drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");                    } catch (IOException e) {                    }                Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;                 message.arg1 = id;                 message.obj = drawable;                 handler2.sendMessage(message);             }         };         thread.start();         thread = null;    }

 

这样就简单实现了异步加载了。细想一下,还可以优化的,比如引入线程池、引入缓存等,我们先介绍线程池。

(3)引入ExecutorService接口,于是代码可以优化如下:

       在主线程中加入:private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);   

       对应加载图像方法更改如下:

// 引入线程池来管理多线程    private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {        executorService.submit(new Runnable() {            public void run() {                try {                    final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");                    handler.post(new Runnable() {                        public void run() {                            ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);                        }                    });                } catch (Exception e) {                    throw new RuntimeException(e);                }            }        });    }

 

(4)为了更方便使用我们可以将异步加载图像方法封装一个类,对外界只暴露一个方法即可,考虑到效率问题我们可以引入内存缓存机制,做法是

建立一个HashMap,其键(key)为加载图像url,其值(value)是图像对象Drawable。先看一下我们封装的类

public class AsyncImageLoader3 {
   //为了加快速度,在内存中开启缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)

public Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();    private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);    //固定五个线程来执行任务    private final Handler handler=new Handler();     /**     *     * @param imageUrl     图像url地址     * @param callback     回调接口     * @return     返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null     */    public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {        //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据        if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {            SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);            if (softReference.get() != null) {                return softReference.get();            }        }        //缓存中没有图像,则从网络上取出数据,并将取出的数据缓存到内存中         executorService.submit(new Runnable() {            public void run() {                try {                    final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");                    imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));                    handler.post(new Runnable() {                        public void run() {                           callback.imageLoaded(drawable);                        }                    });                } catch (Exception e) {                    throw new RuntimeException(e);                }            }        });        return null;    }     //从网络上取数据方法    protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {        try {            return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");        } catch (Exception e) {            throw new RuntimeException(e);        }    }    //对外界开放的回调接口    public interface ImageCallback {        //注意 此方法是用来设置目标对象的图像资源        public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);    }
}

这样封装好后使用起来就方便多了。在主线程中首先要引入AsyncImageLoader3 对象,然后直接调用其loadDrawable方法即可,需要注意的是ImageCallback接口的imageLoaded方法是唯一可以把加载的图 像设置到目标ImageView或其相关的组件上。

在主线程调用代码:

  先实例化对象 private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();

  调用异步加载方法:

//引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程    private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {          //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行         Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {             //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行             public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {               ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);             }         });        if(cacheImage!=null){          ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);        }    }

 

(5)同理,下面也给出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+内存缓存代码,原则同(4),只是把线程池换成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代码如下:

public class AsyncImageLoader {   //为了加快速度,加入了缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)    private Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();     /**     *     * @param imageUrl     图像url地址     * @param callback     回调接口     * @return     返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null     */    public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {        //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据        if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {            SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);            if (softReference.get() != null) {                return softReference.get();            }        }        final Handler handler = new Handler() {            @Override            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {                callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) msg.obj);            }        };        new Thread() {            public void run() {                Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);                imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));                handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable));            }        }.start();        /*        下面注释的这段代码是Handler的一种代替方法         *///        new AsyncTask() {//            @Override//            protected Drawable doInBackground(Object... objects) {//                  Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);//                imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));//                return  drawable;//            }////            @Override//            protected void onPostExecute(Object o) {//                  callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) o);//            }//        }.execute();        return null;    }    protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {        try {            return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "src");        } catch (Exception e) {            throw new RuntimeException(e);        }    }    //对外界开放的回调接口    public interface ImageCallback {        public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);    }}

至此,异步加载就介绍完了,下面给出的代码为测试用的完整代码:

package com.bshark.supertelphone.activity;import android.app.Activity;import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.Handler;import android.os.Message;import android.widget.ImageView;import com.bshark.supertelphone.R;import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader;import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader3;import java.io.IOException;import java.net.URL;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;public class LazyLoadImageActivity extends Activity {       final Handler handler=new Handler();      final Handler handler2=new Handler(){          @Override          public void handleMessage(Message msg) {             ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);          }      }; private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);    //固定五个线程来执行任务    private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader();    private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();  @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  setContentView(R.layout.main);  //  loadImage("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);//  loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);//  loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);//        loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);//  loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);        loadImage2("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);  loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);  loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);        loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);  loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);//        loadImage3("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);//  loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);//  loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);//        loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);//  loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);//        loadImage4("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);//  loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);//  loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);//        loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);//  loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);//        loadImage5("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);//        //为了测试缓存而模拟的网络延时//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);//  loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);//  loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);//        loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);//  loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);//        SystemClock.sleep(2000);//         loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4); } @Override protected void onDestroy() {  executorService.shutdown();  super.onDestroy(); }    //线程加载图像基本原理    private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {         handler.post(new Runnable() {                public void run() {                    Drawable drawable = null;                    try {                        drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");                    } catch (IOException e) {                    }                    ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);                }            });    }     //采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载     private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {         Thread thread = new Thread(){             @Override             public void run() {               Drawable drawable = null;                    try {                        drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");                    } catch (IOException e) {                    }                Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;                 message.arg1 = id;                 message.obj = drawable;                 handler2.sendMessage(message);             }         };         thread.start();         thread = null;    }    // 引入线程池来管理多线程    private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {        executorService.submit(new Runnable() {            public void run() {                try {                    final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");                    handler.post(new Runnable() {                        public void run() {                            ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);                        }                    });                } catch (Exception e) {                    throw new RuntimeException(e);                }            }        });    }    //引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程    private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {          //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行         Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {             //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行             public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {               ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);             }         });        if(cacheImage!=null){          ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);        }    }    //采用Handler+Thread+封装外部接口    private void loadImage5(final String url, final int id) {          //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行         Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback() {             //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行             public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {               ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);             }         });        if(cacheImage!=null){                    ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);        }    }}

xml文件大致如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"              android:layout_width="fill_parent"              android:orientation="vertical"              android:layout_height="fill_parent" >  <ImageView android:id="@+id/image1" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>   <ImageView android:id="@+id/image2" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>    <ImageView android:id="@+id/image3" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>    <ImageView android:id="@+id/image5" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>    <ImageView android:id="@+id/image4" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView></LinearLayout>

 

转: Android异步加载图像小结