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Android之ListView异步加载网络图片(优化缓存机制)【转】

 网上关于这个方面的文章也不少,基本的思路是线程+缓存来解决。下面提出一些优化:

1、采用线程池

2、内存缓存+文件缓存

3、内存缓存中网上很多是采用SoftReference来防止堆溢出,这儿严格限制只能使用最大JVM内存的1/4

4、对下载的图片进行按比例缩放,以减少内存的消耗

具体的代码里面说明。先放上内存缓存类的代码MemoryCache.java:

public class MemoryCache {

 

private static final String TAG = "MemoryCache";

// 放入缓存时是个同步操作

// LinkedHashMap构造方法的最后一个参数true代表这个map里的元素将按照最近使用次数由少到多排列,即LRU

// 这样的好处是如果要将缓存中的元素替换,则先遍历出最近最少使用的元素来替换以提高效率

private Map<String, Bitmap> cache = Collections

.synchronizedMap(new LinkedHashMap<String, Bitmap>(10, 1.5f, true));

// 缓存中图片所占用的字节,初始0,将通过此变量严格控制缓存所占用的堆内存

private long size = 0;// current allocated size

// 缓存只能占用的最大堆内存

private long limit = 1000000;// max memory in bytes

 

public MemoryCache() {

// use 25% of available heap size

setLimit(Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory() / 4);

}

 

public void setLimit(long new_limit) { 

limit = new_limit;

Log.i(TAG, "MemoryCache will use up to " + limit / 1024. / 1024. + "MB");

}

 

public Bitmap get(String id) {

try {

if (!cache.containsKey(id))

return null;

return cache.get(id);

} catch (NullPointerException ex) {

return null;

}

}

 

public void put(String id, Bitmap bitmap) {

try {

if (cache.containsKey(id))

size -= getSizeInBytes(cache.get(id));

cache.put(id, bitmap);

size += getSizeInBytes(bitmap);

checkSize();

} catch (Throwable th) {

th.printStackTrace();

}

}

 

/**

 * 严格控制堆内存,如果超过将首先替换最近最少使用的那个图片缓存

 * 

 */

private void checkSize() {

Log.i(TAG, "cache size=" + size + " length=" + cache.size());

if (size > limit) {

// 先遍历最近最少使用的元素

Iterator<Entry<String, Bitmap>> iter = cache.entrySet().iterator();

while (iter.hasNext()) {

Entry<String, Bitmap> entry = iter.next();

size -= getSizeInBytes(entry.getValue());

iter.remove();

if (size <= limit)

break;

}

Log.i(TAG, "Clean cache. New size " + cache.size());

}

}

 

public void clear() {

cache.clear();

}

 

/**

 * 图片占用的内存

 * 

 * @param bitmap

 * @return

 */

long getSizeInBytes(Bitmap bitmap) {

if (bitmap == null)

return 0;

return bitmap.getRowBytes() * bitmap.getHeight();

}



也可以使用SoftReference,代码会简单很多,但是我推荐上面的方法。

public class MemoryCache {

 

private Map<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>> cache = Collections

.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>>());

 

public Bitmap get(String id) {

if (!cache.containsKey(id))

return null;

SoftReference<Bitmap> ref = cache.get(id);

return ref.get();

}

 

public void put(String id, Bitmap bitmap) {

cache.put(id, new SoftReference<Bitmap>(bitmap));

}

 

public void clear() {

cache.clear();

}

 

}

下面是文件缓存类的代码FileCache.java:

public class FileCache {

 

private File cacheDir;

 

public FileCache(Context context) {

// 如果有SD卡则在SD卡中建一个LazyList的目录存放缓存的图片

// 没有SD卡就放在系统的缓存目录中

if (android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(

android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED))

cacheDir = new File(

android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),

"LazyList");

else

cacheDir = context.getCacheDir();

if (!cacheDir.exists())

cacheDir.mkdirs();

}

 

public File getFile(String url) {

// 将url的hashCode作为缓存的文件名

String filename = String.valueOf(url.hashCode());

// Another possible solution

// String filename = URLEncoder.encode(url);

File f = new File(cacheDir, filename);

return f;

 

}

 

public void clear() {

File[] files = cacheDir.listFiles();

if (files == null)

return;

for (File f : files)

f.delete();

}

 

}

最后最重要的加载图片的类,ImageLoader.java:

public class ImageLoader {

 

MemoryCache memoryCache = new MemoryCache();

FileCache fileCache;

private Map<ImageView, String> imageViews = Collections

.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<ImageView, String>());

// 线程池

ExecutorService executorService;

 

public ImageLoader(Context context) {

fileCache = new FileCache(context);

executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);

}

 

// 当进入listview时默认的图片,可换成你自己的默认图片

final int stub_id = R.drawable.stub;

 

// 最主要的方法

public void DisplayImage(String url, ImageView imageView) {

imageViews.put(imageView, url);

// 先从内存缓存中查找

 

Bitmap bitmap = memoryCache.get(url);

if (bitmap != null)

imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);

else {

// 若没有的话则开启新线程加载图片

queuePhoto(url, imageView);

imageView.setImageResource(stub_id);

}

}

 

private void queuePhoto(String url, ImageView imageView) {

PhotoToLoad p = new PhotoToLoad(url, imageView);

executorService.submit(new PhotosLoader(p));

}

 

private Bitmap getBitmap(String url) {

File f = fileCache.getFile(url);

 

// 先从文件缓存中查找是否有

Bitmap b = decodeFile(f);

if (b != null)

return b;

 

// 最后从指定的url中下载图片

try {

Bitmap bitmap = null;

URL imageUrl = new URL(url);

HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) imageUrl

.openConnection();

conn.setConnectTimeout(30000);

conn.setReadTimeout(30000);

conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);

InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();

OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(f);

CopyStream(is, os);

os.close();

bitmap = decodeFile(f);

return bitmap;

} catch (Exception ex) {

ex.printStackTrace();

return null;

}

}

 

// decode这个图片并且按比例缩放以减少内存消耗,虚拟机对每张图片的缓存大小也是有限制的

private Bitmap decodeFile(File f) {

try {

// decode image size

BitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options();

o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;

BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o);

 

// Find the correct scale value. It should be the power of 2.

final int REQUIRED_SIZE = 70;

int width_tmp = o.outWidth, height_tmp = o.outHeight;

int scale = 1;

while (true) {

if (width_tmp / 2 < REQUIRED_SIZE

|| height_tmp / 2 < REQUIRED_SIZE)

break;

width_tmp /= 2;

height_tmp /= 2;

scale *= 2;

}

 

// decode with inSampleSize

BitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options();

o2.inSampleSize = scale;

return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o2);

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

}

return null;

}

 

// Task for the queue

private class PhotoToLoad {

public String url;

public ImageView imageView;

 

public PhotoToLoad(String u, ImageView i) {

url = u;

imageView = i;

}

}

 

class PhotosLoader implements Runnable {

PhotoToLoad photoToLoad;

 

PhotosLoader(PhotoToLoad photoToLoad) {

this.photoToLoad = photoToLoad;

}

 

@Override

public void run() {

if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad))

return;

Bitmap bmp = getBitmap(photoToLoad.url);

memoryCache.put(photoToLoad.url, bmp);

if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad))

return;

BitmapDisplayer bd = new BitmapDisplayer(bmp, photoToLoad);

// 更新的操作放在UI线程中

Activity a = (Activity) photoToLoad.imageView.getContext();

a.runOnUiThread(bd);

}

}

 

/**

 * 防止图片错位

 * 

 * @param photoToLoad

 * @return

 */

boolean imageViewReused(PhotoToLoad photoToLoad) {

String tag = imageViews.get(photoToLoad.imageView);

if (tag == null || !tag.equals(photoToLoad.url))

return true;

return false;

}

 

// 用于在UI线程中更新界面

class BitmapDisplayer implements Runnable {

Bitmap bitmap;

PhotoToLoad photoToLoad;

 

public BitmapDisplayer(Bitmap b, PhotoToLoad p) {

bitmap = b;

photoToLoad = p;

}

 

public void run() {

if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad))

return;

if (bitmap != null)

photoToLoad.imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);

else

photoToLoad.imageView.setImageResource(stub_id);

}

}

 

public void clearCache() {

memoryCache.clear();

fileCache.clear();

}

 

public static void CopyStream(InputStream is, OutputStream os) {

final int buffer_size = 1024;

try {

byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer_size];

for (;;) {

int count = is.read(bytes, 0, buffer_size);

if (count == -1)

break;

os.write(bytes, 0, count);

}

} catch (Exception ex) {

}

}

}

主要流程是先从内存缓存中查找,若没有再开线程,从文件缓存中查找都没有则从指定的url中查找,并对bitmap进行处理,最后通过下面方法对UI进行更新操作。
a.runOnUiThread(...);

在你的程序中的基本用法:

ImageLoader imageLoader=new ImageLoader(context);

...

imageLoader.DisplayImage(url, imageView);

比如你的放在你的ListView的adapter的getView()方法中,当然也适用于GridView。