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297. Serialize and Deserialize Binary Tree

2024-09-02 18:47:24   220人阅读

297. Serialize and Deserialize Binary Tree

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  • Difficulty: Hard
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Serialization is the process of converting a data structure or object into a sequence of bits so that it can be stored in a file or memory buffer, or transmitted across a network connection link to be reconstructed later in the same or another computer environment.

Design an algorithm to serialize and deserialize a binary tree. There is no restriction on how your serialization/deserialization algorithm should work. You just need to ensure that a binary tree can be serialized to a string and this string can be deserialized to the original tree structure.

For example, you may serialize the following tree

    1
   /   2   3
     /     4   5
as "[1,2,3,null,null,4,5]", just the same as how LeetCode OJ serializes a binary tree. You do not necessarily need to follow this format, so please be creative and come up with different approaches yourself.

Note: Do not use class member/global/static variables to store states. Your serialize and deserialize algorithms should be stateless.

 

Solution 1: Preorder tranversal (dfs)

对于序列化，我们从根节点开始，如果节点存在，则将值存入输出字符串流，然后分别对其左右子节点递归调用序列化函数即可。对于去序列化，我们先读入第一个字符，以此生成一个根节点，然后再对根节点的左右子节点递归调用去序列化函数即可

技术分享 
 1 /**
 2  * Definition for a binary tree node.
 3  * struct TreeNode {
 4  *     int val;
 5  *     TreeNode *left;
 6  *     TreeNode *right;
 7  *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 8  * };
 9  */
10 class Codec {
11 public:
12 //istringstream，由 istream 派生而来，提供读 string 的功能。 
13 //   ostringstream，由 ostream 派生而来，提供写 string 的功能。 
14 //   stringstream，由 iostream 派生而来，提供读写 string 的功能。 
15 
16     // Encodes a tree to a single string.
17     string serialize(TreeNode* root) {
18        ostringstream out;
19        dfs(root, out);
20        return out.str(); // return stream to string
21     }
22 
23     // Decodes your encoded data to tree.
24     TreeNode* deserialize(string data) {
25         //instringstream in;
26         istringstream in(data);
27         //dfs_de(data, in);
28         return deserialize(in);
29     }
30     
31 
32 private:    
33      void dfs(TreeNode* node, ostringstream& out){
34         //if(node == NULL) return; //cannot return; need output #
35         /*
36         if(node -> left){
37             dfs(node -> left, )
38         }*/
39         if(node){
40             out << node -> val << ‘ ‘;
41             dfs(node -> left, out);
42             dfs(node -> right, out);
43         }else{
44             out << "# ";//string "" , not char ‘‘
45         }
46     }
47     
48     TreeNode* deserialize(istringstream &in) {
49         string val;
50         in >> val;
51         if (val == "#") return nullptr;
52         TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(stoi(val));//string to int
53         root->left = deserialize(in);
54         root->right = deserialize(in);
55         return root;
56     }
57 };
58 
59 // Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:
60 // Codec codec;
61 // codec.deserialize(codec.serialize(root));
View Code

 

Solution 2: Level Sequence tranversal (non-recursion, bfs)

 

技术分享 
 1  ///////////////////BFS
 2     string serialize(TreeNode* root) {
 3        ostringstream out;
 4        queue<TreeNode *> q;
 5        if(root) q.push(root);//if很重要 corner case
 6        while(!q.empty()){
 7            TreeNode *tmp = q.front();
 8            q.pop();
 9            if(tmp){
10                out << tmp -> val << ‘ ‘;
11                q.push(tmp -> left);
12                q.push(tmp -> right);
13            }else{
14                out << "# ";
15            }
16        }
17        return out.str();
18     }
19 
20     // Decodes your encoded data to tree.
21     TreeNode* deserialize(string data) {
22         if(data.empty()) return nullptr;//string .empty()
23         istringstream in(data);
24         queue<TreeNode *> q;
25         string val;
26         in >> val;
27         TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(stoi(val));
28         TreeNode* curr = root;
29         //q.push(root);
30         q.push(curr);
31         while(!q.empty()){
32             TreeNode* tmp = q.front();
33             q.pop();
34             if(!(in >> val)) break;
35             if(val != "#"){
36                 curr = new TreeNode(stoi(val));
37                 q.push(curr);
38                 tmp -> left = curr;
39             }
40             if(!(in >> val)) break;
41             if(val != "#"){
42                 curr = new TreeNode(stoi(val));
43                 q.push(curr);
44                 tmp -> right = curr;
45             }
46         }
47         return root;
48     }
View Code

 

297. Serialize and Deserialize Binary Tree


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