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Mongodb简介及部署
随着互联网web2.0兴起，传统的SQL已经不能满足海量数据查询所带来的缺点和不足，所以人们为了克服相应的问题而出现了NoSQL，而NoSQL中有四个分类，它们分别是：键值数据库（hash）、列式存储数据库、文档型数据库、图形数据库。而其中文档型数据库中最为典型的就是Mongodb，它是由C++编写的，用于为WEB应用提供可扩展的高性能数据存储解决方案，它的特点是高性能、易部署、易使用，存储数据非常方便，它支持动态查询、完全索引、自动分片、文件是使用Bson的格式等，其中使用的语法类似于Json的语法，可适用于网站数据、缓存、大尺寸、低价值的数据、用于对象及JSON 数据的存储等，不足是不能提供的对SQL的支持，支持的特性不够丰富，现在的产品相比关系型数据库还不够成熟，不过由于其良好的性能已经被大量使用与生产环境中。
具体的其他特性在这里就不做过多的赘述了，现在说一下Mongodb简单的部署，在这里为了快速部署使用就使用了官网的最新二进制包去快速部署，当然如果要用的不是最新的可以用官网上的rpm包，Mongodb的官网：https://www.mongodb.com：
[root@localhost src]# wget [root@localhost src]# tar zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.4.2.tgz -C /usr/local/mongodb/ [root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/mongodb/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.4.2 [root@localhost src]# mv ./* ../ [root@localhost mongodb]# rm -rf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.4.2 [root@localhost mongodb]# groupadd -r mongodb [root@localhost mongodb]# useradd -M -g mongodb -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /data/mongodata mongodb #设置mongodb用户的家目录为Mongodb的dbpath路径 [root@localhost mongodb]# chown -R mongodb:mongodb /usr/local/mongodb #修改Mongodb的basedir文件的属组 [root@localhost mongodb]# mkdir /var/log/mongodb [root@localhost mongodb]# chown mongodb:mongodb /var/log/mongodb #创建Mongodb的log路径及修改属组 [root@localhost mongodb]# mkdir /var/run/mongodb/ [root@localhost mongodb]# chown mongodb:mongodb /var/run/mongodb #创建Mongodb的pid文件路径及修改属组 [root@localhost mongodb]# vim /etc/profile.d/mongo.sh export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mongodb/bin [root@localhost mongodb]# source /etc/profile.d/mongo.sh #添加Mongodb的二进制环境路径 #最后的mongod的启动脚本和mongodb.conf配置文件可以从rpm包安装的服务器上下载，修改一下，在这里有一点 #有一个Mongodb默认读取配置文件的配置文件实际是调用mongod执行的： OPTIONS="--quiet -f /etc/mongodb.conf" [root@localhost mongodb]# vim /etc/sysconfig/mongod#如果没有需要添加 #当然也可以修改mongod的启动脚本直接添加，下文会提及
Mongodb的启动脚本中需要修改相应的环境路径，启动脚本如下：
#!/bin/sh
#
# mongodb init file for starting up the MongoDB server
#
# chkconfig: - 90 10
# description: Starts and stops the MongDB daemon that handles all # database requests.
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
exec="/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod"
prog="mongod"
logfile="/var/log/mongodb/mongodb.log"
[ -e /etc/sysconfig/$prog ] && . /etc/sysconfig/$prog
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/mongodb/mongodb.pid}
options="$MONGODB_OPTIONS $OPTIONS"
lockfile="/var/lock/subsys/mongod"
#要修改的就是相应的环境路径
# Nicer version of killproc that does not kill mongodb when it takes
# a long time to shut down and does not hang for a long time when mongo
# shuts down quickly
killproc_nice() {
local RC base pid pid_file= delay i
RC=0; delay=3
# Test syntax.
if [ "$#" -eq 0 ]; then
echo $"Usage: killproc [-p pidfile] [ -d delay] {program} [-signal]"
return 1
fi
if [ "$1" = "-p" ]; then
pid_file=$2
shift 2
fi
if [ "$1" = "-d" ]; then
delay=$2
shift 2
fi
# Save basename.
base=${1##*/}
# Find pid.
__pids_var_run "$1" "$pid_file"
RC=$?
if [ -z "$pid" ]; then
if [ -z "$pid_file" ]; then
pid="$(__pids_pidof "$1")"
else
[ "$RC" = "4" ] && { failure $"$base shutdown" ; return $RC ;}
fi
fi
# Kill it.
if [ -n "$pid" ] ; then
[ "$BOOTUP" = "verbose" -a -z "${LSB:-}" ] && echo -n "$base "
if checkpid $pid 2>&1; then
# TERM first, then KILL if not dead
kill -TERM $pid >/dev/null 2>&1
usleep 100000
# Check every one second if the program is stopped.
# Do so for a maximum of $delay seconds
for ((i = 0 ; i < $delay; i++))
do
if checkpid $pid; then
sleep 1
else
break
fi
done
# If the program is not stopped, kill it
if checkpid $pid ; then
kill -KILL $pid >/dev/null 2>&1
usleep 100000
fi
fi
checkpid $pid
RC=$?
[ "$RC" -eq 0 ] && failure $"$base shutdown" || success $"$base shutdown"
RC=$((! $RC))
else
failure $"$base shutdown"
RC=0
fi
# Remove pid file if any.
rm -f "${pid_file:-/var/run/$base.pid}"
return $RC
}
start() {
[ -x $exec ] || exit 5
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} --user mongodb "$exec $options run >> $logfile 2>&1"
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc_nice -p ${pidfile} -d 300 $prog
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
stop
start
}
reload() {
restart
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
rh_status() {
# run checks to determine if the service is running or use generic status
status -p ${pidfile} $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
restart
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}"
exit 2
esac
exit $?Mongodb的配置文件mongodb.conf，如下：
## ### Basic Defaults ## bind_ip = 127.0.0.1 port = 27017 fork = true pidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/mongodb.pid logpath = /var/log/mongodb/mongodb.log dbpath =/data/mongodata journal = true # Enables periodic logging of CPU utilization and I/O wait #cpu = true # Turn on/off security. Off is currently the default #noauth = true #auth = true # Verbose logging output. #verbose = true # Inspect all client data for validity on receipt (useful for # developing drivers) #objcheck = true # Enable db quota management #quota = true # Set oplogging level where n is # 0=off (default) # 1=W # 2=R # 3=both # 7=W+some reads #oplog = 0 # Diagnostic/debugging option #nocursors = true # Ignore query hints #nohints = true # Disable the HTTP interface (Defaults to port+1000). nohttpinterface = true # Turns off server-side scripting. This will result in greatly limited # functionality #noscripting = true # Turns off table scans. Any query that would do a table scan fails. #notablescan = true # Disable data file preallocation. #noprealloc = true # Specify .ns file size for new databases. # nssize = <size> # Accout token for Mongo monitoring server. #mms-token = <token> # Server name for Mongo monitoring server. #mms-name = <server-name> # Ping interval for Mongo monitoring server. #mms-interval = <seconds> # Replication Options # in replicated mongo databases, specify here whether this is a slave or master #slave = true #source = master.example.com # Slave only: specify a single database to replicate #only = master.example.com # or #master = true #source = slave.example.com # Address of a server to pair with. #pairwith = <server:port> # Address of arbiter server. #arbiter = <server:port> # Automatically resync if slave data is stale #autoresync # Custom size for replication operation log. #oplogSize = <MB> # Size limit for in-memory storage of op ids. #opIdMem = <bytes>
配置好后第一次启动后会生成相应的数据文件
[root@localhost mongodb]# /etc/init.d/mongod start 正在启动 mongod：[确定] [root@localhost mongodb]# mongo#Mongodb客户端启动 MongoDB shell version v3.4.2 connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017 MongoDB server version: 3.4.2 Server has startup warnings: 2017-02-15T10:42:11.888+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] 2017-02-15T10:42:11.888+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Using the XFS filesystem is strongly recommended with the WiredTiger storage engine 2017-02-15T10:42:11.888+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] ** See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/prodnotes-filesystem 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database. 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted. 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is ‘always‘. 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to ‘never‘ 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is ‘always‘. 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to ‘never‘ 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] > show dbsshow dbs admin 0.000GB local 0.000GB #有2个默认库
如此Mongodb的初步介绍使用结束
本文出自 “技术随笔” 博客，谢绝转载！
Mongodb简介及部署
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