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【Android 疑难杂症】scrollTo和scrollBy的问题
首先，需要知道的是，View是可以延伸到屏幕之外的，可以想象一下ListVIew或GridView。也就是说View的尺寸可以超过屏幕的尺寸。View的大小就是onDraw()中Canvas画布的大小。Canvas可以做translate()、clipRec()t等变换，可以说Canvas是无边界的。而我们在屏幕上所见到的，只是Canvas的一部分而已。可以调用View的scrollTo()和scrollBy()将视图绘制到指定区域。那么View中的scrollTo()和scrollBy()又是怎么回事呢？
要想一探究竟，就需要研究一下View的源码。
在View的源码中，mScrollX和mScrollY是视图在X轴和Y轴的偏移量。源码注释说的非常清楚xScrollX和xScrollY代表的是什么。
/**
* The offset, in pixels, by which the content of this view is scrolled
* horizontally.
* {@hide}
*/
@ViewDebug.ExportedProperty(category = "scrolling")
protected int mScrollX;
/**
* The offset, in pixels, by which the content of this view is scrolled
* vertically.
* {@hide}
*/
@ViewDebug.ExportedProperty(category = "scrolling")
protected int mScrollY;
/**
* Return the scrolled left position of this view. This is the left edge of
* the displayed part of your view. You do not need to draw any pixels
* farther left, since those are outside of the frame of your view on
* screen.
*
* @return The left edge of the displayed part of your view, in pixels.
*/
public final int getScrollX() {
return mScrollX;
}
/**
* Return the scrolled top position of this view. This is the top edge of
* the displayed part of your view. You do not need to draw any pixels above
* it, since those are outside of the frame of your view on screen.
*
* @return The top edge of the displayed part of your view, in pixels.
*/
public final int getScrollY() {
return mScrollY;
}知道了mScrollX和mScrollY的含义，接下来再看scrollTo()和scrollBy()的具体实现，代码如下：
/**
* Set the scrolled position of your view. This will cause a call to
* {@link #onScrollChanged(int, int, int, int)} and the view will be
* invalidated.
* @param x the x position to scroll to
* @param y the y position to scroll to
*/
public void scrollTo(int x, int y) {
if (mScrollX != x || mScrollY != y) {
int oldX = mScrollX;
int oldY = mScrollY;
mScrollX = x;
mScrollY = y;
onScrollChanged(mScrollX, mScrollY, oldX, oldY);
if (!awakenScrollBars()) {
invalidate();
}
}
}
/**
* Move the scrolled position of your view. This will cause a call to
* {@link #onScrollChanged(int, int, int, int)} and the view will be
* invalidated.
* @param x the amount of pixels to scroll by horizontally
* @param y the amount of pixels to scroll by vertically
*/
public void scrollBy(int x, int y) {
scrollTo(mScrollX + x, mScrollY + y);
}从源码中可以看到，scrollBy()的内部其实是调用了scrollTo()。在scrollTo()中，调用了onScrollChanged()和invalidate()。
onScrollChanged()的作用就是告诉系统（可以理解为Android框架），这个View的scrollTo()或scrollBy()曾经被调用过；而invalidate()是告诉系统，这个View需要被重新绘制。
接下来，探究一下onScrollChanged()和invalidate()的具体实现，代码如下：
/**
* This is called in response to an internal scroll in this view (i.e., the
* view scrolled its own contents). This is typically as a result of
* {@link #scrollBy(int, int)} or {@link #scrollTo(int, int)} having been
* called.
*
* @param l Current horizontal scroll origin.
* @param t Current vertical scroll origin.
* @param oldl Previous horizontal scroll origin.
* @param oldt Previous vertical scroll origin.
*/
protected void onScrollChanged(int l, int t, int oldl, int oldt) {
mBackgroundSizeChanged = true;
final AttachInfo ai = mAttachInfo;
if (ai != null) {
ai.mViewScrollChanged = true;
}
}/**
* Invalidate the whole view. If the view is visible, {@link #onDraw} will
* be called at some point in the future. This must be called from a
* UI thread. To call from a non-UI thread, call {@link #postInvalidate()}.
*/
public void invalidate() {
if (ViewDebug.TRACE_HIERARCHY) {
ViewDebug.trace(this, ViewDebug.HierarchyTraceType.INVALIDATE);
}
if ((mPrivateFlags & (DRAWN | HAS_BOUNDS)) == (DRAWN | HAS_BOUNDS)) {
mPrivateFlags &= ~DRAWN & ~DRAWING_CACHE_VALID;
final ViewParent p = mParent;
final AttachInfo ai = mAttachInfo;
if (p != null && ai != null) {
final Rect r = ai.mTmpInvalRect;
r.set(0, 0, mRight - mLeft, mBottom - mTop);
// Don‘t call invalidate -- we don‘t want to internally scroll
// our own bounds
p.invalidateChild(this, r);
}
}
}知道了scrollTo()和scrollBy()的意义，那么举个例子，感性地认识一下。
假设有一个View，它叫做SView。
如果想把SView从(0, 0)移动到(100, 100)。注意，这里说的(0, 0)和(100, 100)，指的是SView左上角的坐标。那么偏移量就是原点(0, 0)到目标点(100, 100)的距离，即(0 , 0) - (100, 100) = (-100, -100)。
只需要调用SView.scrollTo(-100, -100)就可以了。请再次注意，scrollTo(int x, int y)的两个参数x和y，代表的是偏移量，这时的参照物是(0, 0)点。
然而，scrollBy()是有一定的区别的。scrollBy()的参照物是(0, 0)点加上偏移量之后的坐标。
这么描述比较抽象，举个例子。假设SView调用了scrollTo(-100, -100)，此时SView左上角的坐标是(100, 100)，这时再调用scrollBy(-20, -20)，此时SView的左上角就被绘制到了(120, 120)这个位置。
总结一下，scrollTo()是一步到位，而scrollBy()是逐步累加。
那么mScrollX和mScrollY又是在哪里被使用的呢？
上面说过，scrollTo()会使视图重绘，那究竟是如何绘制的？请看draw()方法，代码如下：
/**
* Manually render this view (and all of its children) to the given Canvas.
* The view must have already done a full layout before this function is
* called. When implementing a view, do not override this method; instead,
* you should implement {@link #onDraw}.
*
* @param canvas The Canvas to which the View is rendered.
*/
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
if (ViewDebug.TRACE_HIERARCHY) {
ViewDebug.trace(this, ViewDebug.HierarchyTraceType.DRAW);
}
final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & DIRTY_MASK) == DIRTY_OPAQUE &&
(mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState);
mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~DIRTY_MASK) | DRAWN;
/*
* Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
* in the appropriate order:
*
* 1. Draw the background
* 2. If necessary, save the canvas‘ layers to prepare for fading
* 3. Draw view‘s content
* 4. Draw children
* 5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
* 6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
*/
// Step 1, draw the background, if needed
int saveCount;
if (!dirtyOpaque) {
final Drawable background = mBGDrawable;
if (background != null) {
final int scrollX = mScrollX;
final int scrollY = mScrollY;
if (mBackgroundSizeChanged) {
background.setBounds(0, 0, mRight - mLeft, mBottom - mTop);
mBackgroundSizeChanged = false;
}
if ((scrollX | scrollY) == 0) {
background.draw(canvas);
} else {
canvas.translate(scrollX, scrollY);
background.draw(canvas);
canvas.translate(-scrollX, -scrollY);
}
}
}
// skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
// Step 3, draw the content
if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
// Step 6, draw decorations (scrollbars)
onDrawScrollBars(canvas);
// we‘re done...
return;
}
/*
* Here we do the full fledged routine...
* (this is an uncommon case where speed matters less,
* this is why we repeat some of the tests that have been
* done above)
*/
boolean drawTop = false;
boolean drawBottom = false;
boolean drawLeft = false;
boolean drawRight = false;
float topFadeStrength = 0.0f;
float bottomFadeStrength = 0.0f;
float leftFadeStrength = 0.0f;
float rightFadeStrength = 0.0f;
// Step 2, save the canvas‘ layers
int paddingLeft = mPaddingLeft;
int paddingTop = mPaddingTop;
final boolean offsetRequired = isPaddingOffsetRequired();
if (offsetRequired) {
paddingLeft += getLeftPaddingOffset();
paddingTop += getTopPaddingOffset();
}
int left = mScrollX + paddingLeft;
int right = left + mRight - mLeft - mPaddingRight - paddingLeft;
int top = mScrollY + paddingTop;
int bottom = top + mBottom - mTop - mPaddingBottom - paddingTop;
if (offsetRequired) {
right += getRightPaddingOffset();
bottom += getBottomPaddingOffset();
}
final ScrollabilityCache scrollabilityCache = mScrollCache;
int length = scrollabilityCache.fadingEdgeLength;
// clip the fade length if top and bottom fades overlap
// overlapping fades produce odd-looking artifacts
if (verticalEdges && (top + length > bottom - length)) {
length = (bottom - top) / 2;
}
// also clip horizontal fades if necessary
if (horizontalEdges && (left + length > right - length)) {
length = (right - left) / 2;
}
if (verticalEdges) {
topFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getTopFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawTop = topFadeStrength >= 0.0f;
bottomFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getBottomFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawBottom = bottomFadeStrength >= 0.0f;
}
if (horizontalEdges) {
leftFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getLeftFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawLeft = leftFadeStrength >= 0.0f;
rightFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getRightFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawRight = rightFadeStrength >= 0.0f;
}
saveCount = canvas.getSaveCount();
int solidColor = getSolidColor();
if (solidColor == 0) {
final int flags = Canvas.HAS_ALPHA_LAYER_SAVE_FLAG;
if (drawTop) {
canvas.saveLayer(left, top, right, top + length, null, flags);
}
if (drawBottom) {
canvas.saveLayer(left, bottom - length, right, bottom, null, flags);
}
if (drawLeft) {
canvas.saveLayer(left, top, left + length, bottom, null, flags);
}
if (drawRight) {
canvas.saveLayer(right - length, top, right, bottom, null, flags);
}
} else {
scrollabilityCache.setFadeColor(solidColor);
}
// Step 3, draw the content
if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
// Step 5, draw the fade effect and restore layers
final Paint p = scrollabilityCache.paint;
final Matrix matrix = scrollabilityCache.matrix;
final Shader fade = scrollabilityCache.shader;
final float fadeHeight = scrollabilityCache.fadingEdgeLength;
if (drawTop) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * topFadeStrength);
matrix.postTranslate(left, top);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
canvas.drawRect(left, top, right, top + length, p);
}
if (drawBottom) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * bottomFadeStrength);
matrix.postRotate(180);
matrix.postTranslate(left, bottom);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
canvas.drawRect(left, bottom - length, right, bottom, p);
}
if (drawLeft) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * leftFadeStrength);
matrix.postRotate(-90);
matrix.postTranslate(left, top);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
canvas.drawRect(left, top, left + length, bottom, p);
}
if (drawRight) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * rightFadeStrength);
matrix.postRotate(90);
matrix.postTranslate(right, top);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
canvas.drawRect(right - length, top, right, bottom, p);
}
canvas.restoreToCount(saveCount);
// Step 6, draw decorations (scrollbars)
onDrawScrollBars(canvas);
}参考资料
http://blog.csdn.net/qinjuning/article/details/7247126
http://blog.csdn.net/vipzjyno1/article/details/24577023
http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/View.html#scrollTo%28int,%20int%29
【Android 疑难杂症】scrollTo和scrollBy的问题
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