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java.lang.System

System类构造函数由private修饰,不可以被实例化,加载时调用static代码块。

System类提供了标准输入输出流,错误输出流;其中out和err的类型是PrintStream

/**
 * The <code>System</code> class contains several useful class fields
 * and methods. It cannot be instantiated.
 *
 * <p>Among the facilities provided by the <code>System</code> class
 * are standard input, standard output, and error output streams;
 * access to externally defined properties and environment
 * variables; a means of loading files and libraries; and a utility
 * method for quickly copying a portion of an array.
 *
 * @author  unascribed
 * @since   JDK1.0
 */
public final class System {

    /* register the natives via the static initializer.
     *
     * VM will invoke the initializeSystemClass method to complete
     * the initialization for this class separated from clinit.
     * Note that to use properties set by the VM, see the constraints
     * described in the initializeSystemClass method.
     */
    private static native void registerNatives();
    static {
        registerNatives();
    }

    /** Don‘t let anyone instantiate this class */
    private System() {
    }

System.exit(int),终止当前虚拟机的运行,什么叫做当前虚拟机呢?

public static void exit(int status) {
        Runtime.getRuntime().exit(status);
    }

如果在某个线程中调用了exit会怎样?下面的例子输出结果是hello,把子线程和主线程的内容交换也是一样的结果。就是说不管在哪个线程调用了exit,整个应用都退出了。

package com.ysdx.test;

public class JavaTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("hello!");
            System.exit(1);
        });

        thread.start();

        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("Hello from main thread!");
    }
}

 两个虚拟机之间是互不影响的

技术分享

其中JavaTest1如下

public class JavaTest1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        

        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("Hello from main thread!");
    }
}

---------------------

System中gc相关操作

/**
     * Runs the garbage collector.
     * <p>
     * Calling the <code>gc</code> method suggests that the Java Virtual
     * Machine expend effort toward recycling unused objects in order to
     * make the memory they currently occupy available for quick reuse.
     * When control returns from the method call, the Java Virtual
     * Machine has made a best effort to reclaim space from all discarded
     * objects.
     * <p>
     * The call <code>System.gc()</code> is effectively equivalent to the
     * call:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * Runtime.getRuntime().gc()
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * @see     java.lang.Runtime#gc()
     */
    public static void gc() {
        Runtime.getRuntime().gc();
    }

    /**
     * Runs the finalization methods of any objects pending finalization.
     * <p>
     * Calling this method suggests that the Java Virtual Machine expend
     * effort toward running the <code>finalize</code> methods of objects
     * that have been found to be discarded but whose <code>finalize</code>
     * methods have not yet been run. When control returns from the
     * method call, the Java Virtual Machine has made a best effort to
     * complete all outstanding finalizations.
     * <p>
     * The call <code>System.runFinalization()</code> is effectively
     * equivalent to the call:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * Runtime.getRuntime().runFinalization()
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * @see     java.lang.Runtime#runFinalization()
     */
    public static void runFinalization() {
        Runtime.getRuntime().runFinalization();
    }

 顺便看一下Runtime,

即便不显示调用gc,JVM也会自动在一个单独的线程中执行recycling process;

即便不显示调用runFinalization,JVM也会自动在一个单独的线程中执行finalization process;

可以很明显的看出gc和runFinalization是不同的,一个叫做回收过程,一个叫做终结过程。

调用runFinalization后,终结过程会调用已经被废弃但是尚未调用其finalization方法的对象。

函数注释里的描述都使用了suggest和has made its best effort,可能这两个函数还有不足之处。

/**
     * Runs the garbage collector.
     * Calling this method suggests that the Java virtual machine expend
     * effort toward recycling unused objects in order to make the memory
     * they currently occupy available for quick reuse. When control
     * returns from the method call, the virtual machine has made
     * its best effort to recycle all discarded objects.
     * <p>
     * The name <code>gc</code> stands for "garbage
     * collector". The virtual machine performs this recycling
     * process automatically as needed, in a separate thread, even if the
     * <code>gc</code> method is not invoked explicitly.
     * <p>
     * The method {@link System#gc()} is the conventional and convenient
     * means of invoking this method.
     */
    public native void gc();

    /* Wormhole for calling java.lang.ref.Finalizer.runFinalization */
    private static native void runFinalization0();

    /**
     * Runs the finalization methods of any objects pending finalization.
     * Calling this method suggests that the Java virtual machine expend
     * effort toward running the <code>finalize</code> methods of objects
     * that have been found to be discarded but whose <code>finalize</code>
     * methods have not yet been run. When control returns from the
     * method call, the virtual machine has made a best effort to
     * complete all outstanding finalizations.
     * <p>
     * The virtual machine performs the finalization process
     * automatically as needed, in a separate thread, if the
     * <code>runFinalization</code> method is not invoked explicitly.
     * <p>
     * The method {@link System#runFinalization()} is the conventional
     * and convenient means of invoking this method.
     *
     * @see     java.lang.Object#finalize()
     */
    public void runFinalization() {
        runFinalization0();
    }

 

java.lang.System