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ssh 连接很慢的解决办法
http://blog.csdn.net/ablo_zhou/article/details/5074887
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现象:
在局域网内,能ping通目标机器,并且时延是微秒级。
用ssh连局域网内其他linux机器,会等待10-30秒才有提示输入密码。严重影响工作效率。
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客户端操作系统版本:
zhouhh@zhhofs:~$ cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=9.10
DISTRIB_CODENAME=karmic
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 9.10"
========================
调试信息:
- zhouhh@zhhofs:~$ ssh -v 192.168.12.16
- OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007
- debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
- debug1: Applying options for *
- debug1: Connecting to 192.168.12.16 [192.168.12.16] port 22.
- debug1: Connection established.
- debug1: identity file /home/zhouhh/.ssh/identity type -1
- debug1: identity file /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
- debug1: identity file /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
- debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_4.3
- debug1: match: OpenSSH_4.3 pat OpenSSH_4*
- debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
- debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
- debug1: kex: server->client aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none
- debug1: kex: client->server aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent
- debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent
- debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY
- debug1: Host ‘192.168.12.16‘ is known and matches the RSA host key.
- debug1: Found key in /home/zhouhh/.ssh/known_hosts:1
- debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
- debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
- debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password
- debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic
- debug1: An invalid name was supplied
- Cannot determine realm for numeric host address
- debug1: An invalid name was supplied
- Cannot determine realm for numeric host address
- debug1: An invalid name was supplied
- debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
- debug1: Trying private key: /home/zhouhh/.ssh/identity
- debug1: Trying private key: /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_rsa
- debug1: Trying private key: /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_dsa
- debug1: Next authentication method: password
- zhouhh@192.168.12.16‘s password:
- debug1: Authentication succeeded (password).
- debug1: channel 0: new [client-session]
- debug1: Entering interactive session.
- debug1: Sending environment.
- debug1: Sending env LANG = zh_CN.UTF-8
- Last login: Fri Dec 25 13:35:04 2009 from 192.168.11.146
可以看到如下的错误信息:
debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic
debug1: An invalid name was supplied
Cannot determine realm for numeric host address
事实上,正是从gssapi-with-mic这一行开始,开始耗时间。
====================
失败的尝试:
有人说是在目标机器中修改/etc/ssh/sshd_conf文件
将UseDNS 的缺省值由yes修改为no,并重启sshd。我试了,对这种情况不管用。但不排除对别的延迟情况管用。
====================
有效的解决办法:
1. 修改本地机器的hosts文件,将目标机器的IP和域名加上去。或者让本机的DNS 服务器能解析目标地址。
vi /etc/hosts
192.168.12.16 ourdev
其格式是“目标机器IP 目标机器名称”这种方法促效。没有延迟就连上了。不过如果给每台都加一个域名解析,挺辛苦的。但在windows下用putty或secure-crt时可以采用这种方法。
2.修改本机的客户端配置文件ssh_conf,注意,不是sshd_conf
vi /etc/ssh/ssh_conf
找到
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
改为
GSSAPIAuthentication no
保存。
再连目标机器,速度就飞快了。
GSSAPI ( Generic Security Services Application Programming Interface) 是一套类似Kerberos 5 的通用网络安全系统接口。该接口是对各种不同的客户端服务器安全机制的封装,以消除安全接口的不同,降低编程难度。但该接口在目标机器无域名解析时会有问题。我看到有人给ubuntu提交了相关bug, 说要将GSSAPIAuthentication的缺省值设为no,不知为何,ubuntu9.10的缺省值还是yes。
修改完毕,此时的连接调试数据变为了:
- zhouhh@zhhofs:~$ ssh -v 192.168.12.16
- OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2, OpenSSL 0.9.8g 19 Oct 2007
- debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
- debug1: Applying options for *
- debug1: Connecting to 192.168.12.16 [192.168.12.16] port 22.
- debug1: Connection established.
- debug1: identity file /home/zhouhh/.ssh/identity type -1
- debug1: identity file /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
- debug1: identity file /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
- debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_4.3
- debug1: match: OpenSSH_4.3 pat OpenSSH_4*
- debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
- debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
- debug1: kex: server->client aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none
- debug1: kex: client->server aes128-cbc hmac-md5 none
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent
- debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent
- debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY
- debug1: Host ‘192.168.12.16‘ is known and matches the RSA host key.
- debug1: Found key in /home/zhouhh/.ssh/known_hosts:1
- debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
- debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
- debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password
- debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
- debug1: Trying private key: /home/zhouhh/.ssh/identity
- debug1: Trying private key: /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_rsa
- debug1: Trying private key: /home/zhouhh/.ssh/id_dsa
- debug1: Next authentication method: password
- zhouhh@192.168.12.16‘s password:
ssh 连接很慢的解决办法