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C# IEnumerator与 IEnumerable

1、 接口的使用

    (1)  首先定义接口

          public interface IBattleMapManager :           {                Stages CurrentStage { get; }                 event EventHandler<BeginFightEventArgs> EnterFight;          }

    (2) 用定义实现类- 实现接口

public class BattleMapManager : IBattleMapManager, IDisposable{    public Stages CurrentStage { get; private set; }    public event EventHandler<BeginFightEventArgs> EnterFight;    protected virtual void OnEnterFight(BeginFightEventArgs e)    {        var handler = EnterFight;        if (handler != null)            handler(this, e);    }    private void trigger_Triggered(object sender, TriggerEvent.ColliderEventArgs e)    {        var trigger = (TriggerEvent)sender;        var index = fightTriggerEvents.IndexOf(trigger);        trigger.enabled = false;        OnEnterFight(new BeginFightEventArgs(index));    }}

 (3)  用接口定义对象  用接口实现类对对象实例化 -多态化

partial class RootBattleState{    private IBattleMapManager battleMapManager;    private IEnumerator InitializeBattleAsync()   {        battleMapManager = new BattleMapManager();        battleMapManager.EnterFight += battleMapManager_EnterFight;
battleMapManager.LoadMap(Stages.BattleStage1); }}

 

 

IEnumerator: 提供在普通集合中遍历的接口,有Current,MoveNext(),Reset(),其中Current返回的是object类型。

IEnumerable: 暴露一个IEnumerator,支持在普通集合中的遍历。

IEnumerator<T>:继承自IEnumerator,有Current属性,返回的是T类型。

IEnumerable<T>:继承自IEnumerable,暴露一个IEnumerator<T>,支持在泛型集合中遍历。

1. 要使自定义的集合类型支持foreach访问,就要实现IEnumerable接口。

2. 在很多地方有讨论为什么新增加的泛型接口IEnumerable<T>要继承IEnumerable,这是为了兼容。

理论上所有的泛型接口都要继承自所有的非泛型接口。然而特殊的是IList<T>没有继承自IList接口:

因为如果让IList<T>继承IList的话,那么是实现IList<int>的类就需要实现两个Insert方法,

 一个是IList<int>的void Insert(int index, int item),

 一个是IList的void Insert(int index, object item),

这是就有一个接口可以把object类型的数据插入到IList<int>集合中了,这是不对的,所以不继承。
而IEnumerable<T>不同的是,它只有”输出“的作用,也就是说我们只会从它里面取数据,所以不会有上面描述的混乱出现。

3. 下面的例子描述了如何使用
首先,有一个Person类:

public class Person{    public string firstName;    public string lastName;    public Person(string fName, string lName)    {       this.firstName = fName;       this.lastName = lName;    } }

第一种方式实现People集合

public class People : IEnumerable{    private Person[] _people;    public People(Person[] pArray)    {       _people = new Person[pArray.Length];       for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++)       {           _people[i] = pArray[i];       }    }    public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()    {       return new PeopleEnum(_people);    } } public class PeopleEnum : IEnumerator {      public Person[] _people;      int position = -1;      public PeopleEnum(Person[] list)      {        _people = list;      }      public bool MoveNext()      {         position++;         return (position < _people.Length);      }      public void Reset()      {        position = -1;      }      public object Current      {         get         {           try           {              return _people[position];           }           catch (IndexOutOfRangeException)           {              throw new InvalidOperationException();           }          }
}
}

第二种方式,让People自己也实现IEnumerator接口:

public class People : IEnumerable, IEnumerator{        private Person[] _people;        int position = -1;        public People(Person[] pArray)        {            _people = new Person[pArray.Length];            for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++)            {                _people[i] = pArray[i];            }        }        #region IEnumerable Members        public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()        {            return this;        }        #endregion        #region IEnumerator Members        public object Current        {            get             {                try                {                    return _people[position];                }                catch (IndexOutOfRangeException)                {                    throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();                }            }        }        public bool MoveNext()        {            position++;            return (position < _people.Length);        }        public void Reset()        {            position = -1;        }        #endregion}

 第三种方式,用泛型指定了类型:

public class People : IEnumerable<Person>, IEnumerator<Person>{        private Person[] _people;        int position = -1;        public People(Person[] pArray)        {            _people = new Person[pArray.Length];            for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++)            {                _people[i] = pArray[i];            }        }        #region IEnumerable<Person> Members        public IEnumerator<Person> GetEnumerator()        {            return this;        }        #endregion        #region IEnumerable Members        IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()        {            return this;        }        #endregion        #region IEnumerator<Person> Members        public Person Current        {            get            {                try                {                    return _people[position];                }                catch (IndexOutOfRangeException)                {                    throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();                }            }        }        #endregion        #region IDisposable Members        public void Dispose()        {}        #endregion        #region IEnumerator Members        object IEnumerator.Current        {            get            {                try                {                    return _people[position];                }                catch (IndexOutOfRangeException)                {                    throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();                }            }        }        public bool MoveNext()        {            position++;            return (position < _people.Length);        }        public void Reset()        {            position = -1;        }        #endregion}

 
然后就可以用foreach对自定义集合访问了:

Person[] peopleArray = new Person[3] {      new Person("John", "Smith"),      new Person("Jim", "Johnson"),      new Person("Sue", "Rabon"),}; People peopleList = new People(peopleArray); foreach (Person p in peopleList)     Console.WriteLine(p.firstName + " " + p.lastName);

 

下面介绍yield关键字的用法:

注意两点:

第一: 它只能用在一个iterator的方法中,也就是说这个方法的返回值类型只能是IEnumerable,IEnumerator,IEnumerable<T>或IEnumerator<T>;

第二: 它只有两种语法:yield return 表达式;或者是yield break; 

(1) 下面用yield return返回循环中每一个满足条件的值,但是并不退出方法:

public static class NumberList{   public static int[] ints = { 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377 };    // Define a property that returns only the even numbers.   public static IEnumerable<int> GetEven()   {        foreach (int i in ints)          if (i % 2 == 0)             yield return i;    }}

调用的地方如下:

// Display the even numbers.Console.WriteLine("Even numbers");foreach (int i in NumberList.GetEven())   Console.WriteLine(i);

在这种用iterator的循环中,只能用yield break退出循环(也退出了整个方法),若是用break是编译不过的:

public static IEnumerable<int> GetEven(){   foreach (int i in ints)       if (i % 2 == 0)          yield break;       Console.WriteLine();}

如果yield break;会被执行到的话,则后面的Console.WriteLine();是不会被执行的,整个方法体已经在yield break被执行后就退出了。

(2) 另外下面这种写法:

IEnumerable<int> GetValues(){     yield return 1;     yield return 2;     yield return 3;     yield return 4; }则可以用foreach (int i in this.GetValues()){    Console.WriteLine(i);}

来输出,第一次取第一个yield return的值1,第二次取第二个yield return的值2,依此类推

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

C# IEnumerator与 IEnumerable