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C# IEnumerator与 IEnumerable
1、 接口的使用
(1) 首先定义接口
public interface IBattleMapManager : { Stages CurrentStage { get; } event EventHandler<BeginFightEventArgs> EnterFight; }
(2) 用定义实现类- 实现接口
public class BattleMapManager : IBattleMapManager, IDisposable{ public Stages CurrentStage { get; private set; } public event EventHandler<BeginFightEventArgs> EnterFight; protected virtual void OnEnterFight(BeginFightEventArgs e) { var handler = EnterFight; if (handler != null) handler(this, e); } private void trigger_Triggered(object sender, TriggerEvent.ColliderEventArgs e) { var trigger = (TriggerEvent)sender; var index = fightTriggerEvents.IndexOf(trigger); trigger.enabled = false; OnEnterFight(new BeginFightEventArgs(index)); }}
(3) 用接口定义对象 用接口实现类对对象实例化 -多态化
partial class RootBattleState{ private IBattleMapManager battleMapManager; private IEnumerator InitializeBattleAsync() { battleMapManager = new BattleMapManager(); battleMapManager.EnterFight += battleMapManager_EnterFight;
battleMapManager.LoadMap(Stages.BattleStage1); }}
IEnumerator: 提供在普通集合中遍历的接口,有Current,MoveNext(),Reset(),其中Current返回的是object类型。
IEnumerable: 暴露一个IEnumerator,支持在普通集合中的遍历。
IEnumerator<T>:继承自IEnumerator,有Current属性,返回的是T类型。
IEnumerable<T>:继承自IEnumerable,暴露一个IEnumerator<T>,支持在泛型集合中遍历。
1. 要使自定义的集合类型支持foreach访问,就要实现IEnumerable接口。
2. 在很多地方有讨论为什么新增加的泛型接口IEnumerable<T>要继承IEnumerable,这是为了兼容。
理论上所有的泛型接口都要继承自所有的非泛型接口。然而特殊的是IList<T>没有继承自IList接口:
因为如果让IList<T>继承IList的话,那么是实现IList<int>的类就需要实现两个Insert方法,
一个是IList<int>的void Insert(int index, int item),
一个是IList的void Insert(int index, object item),
这是就有一个接口可以把object类型的数据插入到IList<int>集合中了,这是不对的,所以不继承。
而IEnumerable<T>不同的是,它只有”输出“的作用,也就是说我们只会从它里面取数据,所以不会有上面描述的混乱出现。
3. 下面的例子描述了如何使用
首先,有一个Person类:
public class Person{ public string firstName; public string lastName; public Person(string fName, string lName) { this.firstName = fName; this.lastName = lName; } }
第一种方式实现People集合
public class People : IEnumerable{ private Person[] _people; public People(Person[] pArray) { _people = new Person[pArray.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++) { _people[i] = pArray[i]; } } public IEnumerator GetEnumerator() { return new PeopleEnum(_people); } } public class PeopleEnum : IEnumerator { public Person[] _people; int position = -1; public PeopleEnum(Person[] list) { _people = list; } public bool MoveNext() { position++; return (position < _people.Length); } public void Reset() { position = -1; } public object Current { get { try { return _people[position]; } catch (IndexOutOfRangeException) { throw new InvalidOperationException(); } }
}
}
第二种方式,让People自己也实现IEnumerator接口:
public class People : IEnumerable, IEnumerator{ private Person[] _people; int position = -1; public People(Person[] pArray) { _people = new Person[pArray.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++) { _people[i] = pArray[i]; } } #region IEnumerable Members public IEnumerator GetEnumerator() { return this; } #endregion #region IEnumerator Members public object Current { get { try { return _people[position]; } catch (IndexOutOfRangeException) { throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(); } } } public bool MoveNext() { position++; return (position < _people.Length); } public void Reset() { position = -1; } #endregion}
第三种方式,用泛型指定了类型:
public class People : IEnumerable<Person>, IEnumerator<Person>{ private Person[] _people; int position = -1; public People(Person[] pArray) { _people = new Person[pArray.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < pArray.Length; i++) { _people[i] = pArray[i]; } } #region IEnumerable<Person> Members public IEnumerator<Person> GetEnumerator() { return this; } #endregion #region IEnumerable Members IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() { return this; } #endregion #region IEnumerator<Person> Members public Person Current { get { try { return _people[position]; } catch (IndexOutOfRangeException) { throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(); } } } #endregion #region IDisposable Members public void Dispose() {} #endregion #region IEnumerator Members object IEnumerator.Current { get { try { return _people[position]; } catch (IndexOutOfRangeException) { throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(); } } } public bool MoveNext() { position++; return (position < _people.Length); } public void Reset() { position = -1; } #endregion}
然后就可以用foreach对自定义集合访问了:
Person[] peopleArray = new Person[3] { new Person("John", "Smith"), new Person("Jim", "Johnson"), new Person("Sue", "Rabon"),}; People peopleList = new People(peopleArray); foreach (Person p in peopleList) Console.WriteLine(p.firstName + " " + p.lastName);
下面介绍yield关键字的用法:
注意两点:
第一: 它只能用在一个iterator的方法中,也就是说这个方法的返回值类型只能是IEnumerable,IEnumerator,IEnumerable<T>或IEnumerator<T>;
第二: 它只有两种语法:yield return 表达式;或者是yield break;
(1) 下面用yield return返回循环中每一个满足条件的值,但是并不退出方法:
public static class NumberList{ public static int[] ints = { 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377 }; // Define a property that returns only the even numbers. public static IEnumerable<int> GetEven() { foreach (int i in ints) if (i % 2 == 0) yield return i; }}
调用的地方如下:
// Display the even numbers.Console.WriteLine("Even numbers");foreach (int i in NumberList.GetEven()) Console.WriteLine(i);
在这种用iterator的循环中,只能用yield break退出循环(也退出了整个方法),若是用break是编译不过的:
public static IEnumerable<int> GetEven(){ foreach (int i in ints) if (i % 2 == 0) yield break; Console.WriteLine();}
如果yield break;会被执行到的话,则后面的Console.WriteLine();是不会被执行的,整个方法体已经在yield break被执行后就退出了。
(2) 另外下面这种写法:
IEnumerable<int> GetValues(){ yield return 1; yield return 2; yield return 3; yield return 4; }则可以用foreach (int i in this.GetValues()){ Console.WriteLine(i);}
来输出,第一次取第一个yield return的值1,第二次取第二个yield return的值2,依此类推
C# IEnumerator与 IEnumerable