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Linux学习笔记5
远程访问
什么是openssh
是一个提供远程访问控制的软件
2.如何实现远程访问
ssh 远程主机用户@远程主机ip地址
ssh root@172.25.254.1 （- x 可以打开图形）
The authenticity of host ‘172.25.254.1 (172.25.254.1)‘ can‘t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 55:dd:43:ce:bf:94:dd:91:49:e7:97:29:63:3d:02:02.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes ##建立安全传输key
root@172.25.254.1‘s password: ##密码输入没有回显
Last failed login: Sun Oct 11 16:56:29 CST 2015 from 172.25.254.206 on ssh:notty
There was 1 failed login attempt since the last successful login.
Last login: Sun Oct 11 16:55:46 2015 from 172.25.254.206
[root@foundation1 ~]# ###登陆成功
ctrl +d |logout ###退出
[root@foundation1 ~]# logout
Connection to 172.25.254.1 closed.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/motd ###设定登陆显示字符
ssh的key认证
[test@foundation0 ~]$ ssh-keygen ###生成公钥和私钥的工具
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/test/.ssh/id_rsa):『enter』 ###指定加密字符保存文件，使用默认
Created directory ‘/home/test/.ssh‘.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): ###密码，必须大于4位
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/test/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/test/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is: ###确认密码
a5:4f:02:51:68:59:f4:e8:e3:c5:91:1f:6f:86:99:06 test@foundation0.ilt.example.com
The key‘s randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| .*+ |
| +. o . |
| .. . E . |
| o + + * |
| S + * + |
| . * . o |
| . . |
| |
| |
+-----------------+
[test@foundation0 .ssh]$ pwd
/home/test/.ssh ###生成密钥存放位置
[test@foundation0 .ssh]$ ls
id_rsa id_rsa.pub ####id_rsa位私钥，id_rsa.pub位公钥
#####################使用key加密目标主机的目标用户############
[test@foundation0 ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i /home/test/.ssh/id_rsa.pub westos@172.25.254.100
The authenticity of host ‘172.25.254.100 (172.25.254.100)‘ can‘t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is eb:24:0e:07:96:26:b1:04:c2:37:0c:78:2d:bc:b0:08.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
westos@172.25.254.100‘s password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh ‘westos@172.25.254.100‘"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
ssh-copy-id ####上传key的工具
-i ####指定使用的公钥
/home/test/.ssh/id_rsa.pub #####使用公钥的名称
westos ####被管理的目标用户
172.25.254.100 ####被管理用户所在主机的ip
authorized_keys ###此文件在目标用户加目录的.ssh中，这个文件就是目标用户被加密的标识，文件内容位公钥内容。
奋发钥匙个主机
[test@foundation0 ~]$ scp /home/test/.ssh/id_rsa root@172.25.254.10: /root/.ssh
2.sshd服务的简单配置
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config ###sshd服务的配置文件
48 PermitRootLogin yes|no ###是否允许root用户通过sshd的认证
78 PasswordAuthentication yes|no ###开启或关闭用户密码认证
AllowUsers student westos ###用户白名单，只允许在名单中出现的用户使用sshd服务
systemctl restart sshd ###从新加载配置
文件的打包和压缩
打包：打包表示把一堆文件变成一个
tar ####打包工具
-f ####指定生成包的名字
-c ####创建包
-v ####显示创建过程
-t ####查看包中内容
-x ####解包
-r ####添加文件到包中
--delete filename ##删除包中指定文件
--get filename ##取出包中指定文件
压缩：gzip
gzip xxxx.tar =====> xxxx.tar.gz ##压缩
gunzip xxxx.tar.gz =====> xxxx.tar ##解压
tar zcvf xxxx.tar.gz 目标文件 ##打包压缩文件
tar zxvf xxxx.tar.gz ###xxxx.tar.gz===>xxxx
bz2
bzip2 xxxx.tar =====> xxxx.tar.bz2 ##压缩
bunzip2 xxxx.tar.bz2 =====> xxxx.tar ##解压
tar jcvf xxxx.tar.bz2 目标文件 ##打包压缩文件
tar jxvf xxxx.tar.bz2 ###xxxx.tar.bz2===>xxxx
xz
xz xxxx.tar =====> xxxx.tar.xz ##压缩
unxz xxxx.tar.xz =====> xxxx.tar ##解压
tar Jcvf xxxx.tar.xz 目标文件 ##打包压缩文件
tar Jxvf xxxx.tar.xz ###xxxx.tar.xz===>xxxx
zip
zip -r xxx.tar.zip xxx.tar ###压缩
unzip xxx.tar.zip ###解压
远程文件传输
scp ##远程复制
scp file user@ip:/directory ##上传文件
scp -r dir user@ip:/directory ##长传目录
scp user@ip:/filename /direcotry ##下载文件
scp -r user@ip:/directory /direcotry ##下载目录
rsync ###远程同步
rsync file|direcotry user@ip:/directory
rsync user@ip:/directory /directory
-r ##同步目录
-l ##不忽略链接
-p ##不忽略权限
-t ##不忽略时间戳
-g ##不忽略组信息
-o ##不忽略用户信息
-D ##不忽略设备文件
Linux学习笔记5