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MySQL基础操作
MySQL数据库是一个C/S(客户端/服务端)架构应用,要访问MySQL数据库要使用专门的客户端软件
- 登陆到MySQL服务器
[root@www /]# mysql -u rootWelcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 5Server version: 5.5.22-log Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.mysql>
- SHOW MASTER LOGS 语句可以查看当前数据库服务的日志文件信息
mysql> show master logs;+------------------+-----------+| Log_name | File_size |+------------------+-----------+| mysql-bin.000001 | 27284 || mysql-bin.000002 | 1031892 || mysql-bin.000003 | 107 |+------------------+-----------+3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
- 退出mysql>操作环境
执行"quit" "exit" 可以退出mysql命令工具,返回原来的Shell环境
mysql> quitBye
- 查看当前服务器中有哪些库
mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || test |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 查看当前使用的库中有哪些表
mysql> use mysql; #切换到所使用的库Database changedmysql> show tables; #查看当前所在的库中包含的表+---------------------------+| Tables_in_mysql |+---------------------------+| columns_priv || db || event || func || general_log || help_category || help_keyword || help_relation || help_topic || host || ndb_binlog_index || plugin || proc || procs_priv || proxies_priv || servers || slow_log || tables_priv || time_zone || time_zone_leap_second || time_zone_name || time_zone_transition || time_zone_transition_type || user |+---------------------------+24 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql数据库的文件存放在/usr/lcoal/mysql/data目录下,每个数据库对应一个子目录,用于存储数据表文件。每个数据表对应为三个文件,后缀名分别为".frm" 、".myd"和".myi"。
- 查看表的结构
describe语句:用于显示表的结构,即组成表的字段(列)的信息。
mysql> use mysql;Database changedmysql> describe user;+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | || User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | || Password | char(41) | NO | | | || Select_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Insert_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Update_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Delete_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Create_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Drop_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Reload_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Shutdown_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Process_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || File_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Grant_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || References_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Index_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Alter_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Show_db_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Super_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Create_tmp_table_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Lock_tables_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Execute_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Repl_slave_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Repl_client_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Create_view_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Show_view_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Create_routine_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Alter_routine_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Create_user_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Event_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Trigger_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || Create_tablespace_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | || ssl_type | enum(‘‘,‘ANY‘,‘X509‘,‘SPECIFIED‘) | NO | | | || ssl_cipher | blob | NO | | NULL | || x509_issuer | blob | NO | | NULL | || x509_subject | blob | NO | | NULL | || max_questions | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | || max_updates | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | || max_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | || max_user_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | || plugin | char(64) | YES | | | || authentication_string | text | YES | | NULL | |+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+42 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 创建新的库
create database 语句:用于创建一个新的库,需要指定数据库名称作为参数。
mysql> create database auth;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
刚创建的数据库是空的,其中不包含任何表,在/usr/lcoal/mysql/data目录下会自动生成一个与新建的库名相同的空文件夹
- 创建新的表
create table 语句:用于在当前库中穿件新的表,需指定数据库表名称作为参数,并定义该表格所使用的各字段
mysql> use auth;Database changedmysql> create table users (user_name char(16) not null, user_passwd char(48) default ‘‘, primary key (user_name));Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
- drop table语句:用于删除库中的表,需要指定"库名.表名" 作为参数;若只指定表明参数,则需先通过执行"use"语句切换到目标库。
mysql> drop table auth.users;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- 删除一个数据库
drop database语句:用于删除指定的库,需要指定库名作为参数。
mysql> drop database auth;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MySQL基础操作
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