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MySql-centos 安装配置（转载）
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- centOS Linux下用yum安装mysql第一篇：安装和配置MySQL第一步：安装MySQL[root@192 local]# yum -y install mysql-server ← 安装MySQL[root@192 local]# yum -y install php-mysql ← 安装php-mysql第二步：配置MySQL[root@192 local] #vim /etc/my.cnf ← 编辑MySQL的配置文件[mysqld]datadir=/var/lib/mysqlsocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock# Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x# clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package).old_passwords=1 ← 找到这一行，在这一行的下面添加新的规则，让MySQL的默认编码为UTF-8default-character-set = utf8 ← 添加这一行然后在配置文件的文尾填加如下语句：[mysql]default-character-set = utf8第二篇：启动MySQL和初始环境设定第一步:启动MySQL服务[root@192 local]#chkconfig mysqld on ← 设置MySQL服务随系统启动自启动[root@192 local]#chkconfig --list mysqld ← 确认MySQL自启动mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭← 如果2--5为启用(或on)的状态就OK[root@192 local]#/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start ← 启动MySQL服务初始化 MySQL 数据库： Installing MySQL system tables...OKFilling help tables...OKTo start mysqld at boot time you have to copysupport-files/mysql.server to the right place for your systemPLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘new-password‘/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h 192.168.0.1 password ‘new-password‘Alternatively you can run:/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installationwhich will also give you the option of removing the testdatabases and anonymous user created by default. This isstrongly recommended for production servers.See the manual for more instructions.You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.plcd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.plPlease report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!The latest information about MySQL is available on the web athttp://www.mysql.comSupport MySQL by buying support/licenses athttp://shop.mysql.com[确定]启动 mysqld： [确定]第二步：MySQL初始环境设定[1] 为MySQL的root用户设置密码MySQL在刚刚被安装的时候，它的root用户是没有被设置密码的。首先来设置MySQL的root密码。[root@192 local]#mysql -u root ← 在没设置密码之时，用root用户登录MySQL服务器Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 2Server version: 5.0.95 Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user; ← 查看用户信息mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;+------+-------------+----------+| user | host | password |+------+-------------+----------+| root | localhost | || root | 192.168.0.1 | || root | 127.0.0.1 | || | localhost | || | 192.168.0.1 | |+------+-------------+----------+5 rows in set (0.03 sec)mysql> set password forroot@localhost=password (‘在这里填入root密码‘); ← 设置root密码譬如，在我的系统中，我是如下设置：mysql> set password for root@localhost=password (‘wangyun‘);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> set password for root@192.168.0.1=password (‘wangyun‘);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> set password for root@127.0.0.1=password (‘wangyun‘);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user; ← 查看用户信息+------+-------------+------------------+| user | host | password |+------+-------------+------------------+| root | localhost | 5f2dfe4b07af795b || root | 192.168.0.1 | 5f2dfe4b07af795b || root | 127.0.0.1 | 5f2dfe4b07af795b || | localhost | || | 192.168.0.1 | |+------+-------------+------------------+5 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器Bye[2] 测试设置的root密码是否生效[root@192 local]# mysql -u root ← 通过空密码用root登录ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ (using password: NO)← 出现此错误信息说明密码设置成功[root@192 local]# mysql -u root-p ← 通过密码用root登录Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. ← 确认用密码能够成功登录Your MySQL connection id is 5Server version: 5.0.95 Source distribution... ...Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.[root@192 local]#mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -p ← 通过密码用root登录Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.← 确认用密码能够成功登录Your MySQL connection id is 13Server version: 5.0.95 Source distribution......Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器Bye[3] 删除匿名用户在MySQL刚刚被安装后，存在用户名、密码为空的用户。这使得数据库服务器有无需密码被登录的可能性。为消除隐患，将匿名用户删除。[root@192 local]# mysql -u root -p; ← 通过密码用root登录Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;+------+-------------+| user | host |+------+-------------+| root | 127.0.0.1 || | 192.168.0.1 || root | 192.168.0.1 || | localhost || root | localhost |+------+-------------+5 rows in set (0.03 sec)mysql> delete from mysql.user where user=‘‘; ← 删除匿名用户Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.04 sec)mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; ← 查看用户信息+------+-------------+| user | host |+------+-------------+| root | 127.0.0.1 || root | 192.168.0.1 || root | localhost |+------+-------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> flush privileges; ← 刷新，使以上操作生效mysql> exit; ←退出MySQL服务器Bye第三篇：测试经过第一篇和第二篇这二部分的设置，MySQL就可以正常试用。好了，第三篇的内容都不是必须的了！我们来测试MySQL，让我们学习或复习常用的SQL语句。[root@192 local]#mysql -u centospub-p; ← 通过密码用root登录Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码mysql> grant all privileges on test.* to centospub@localhost identified by ‘在这里定义密码‘;← 建立对test数据库有完全操作,权限的名为centospub的用户譬如，在我的系统中，设置如下：mysql>grant all privileges on test.* to centospub@localhost identified by‘wangyun‘;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)mysql> select user from mysql.user where user=‘centospub‘;← 确认centospub用户的存在与否|+----------+| user |+-----------+| centospub |+-----------+1 row in set (0.02 sec)mysql> exit;Bye[root@192 local]# mysql -u centospub -p; ← 用新建立的centospub用户登录MySQL服务器Enter password: ← 在这里输入密码mysql>create database test; ← 建立名为test的数据库mysql> show databases; ← 查看系统已存在的数据库+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || test |+--------------------+2 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> use test ← 连接到数据库Database changedmysql> create table test-> (-> num int , ← 在数据库中建立表-> name varchar(50)-> );Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)mysql> show tables; ← 查看数据库中已存在的表+----------------+| Tables_in_test |+----------------+| test |+----------------+1 row in set (0.02 sec)mysql> insert into test values(1,‘Hello World!‘); ← 插入一个值到表中Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)mysql> select * from test; ← 查看数据库中的表的信息+------+-------------------+| num | name |+------+-------------------+| 1 | Hello World! |+------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> update test set name=‘Hello Everyone!‘; ← 更新表的信息，赋予新的值Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0mysql> select *from test; ← 查看数据库中的表的信息+------+-----------------+| num | name |+------+-----------------+ ← 确认被更新到新的值| 1 | Hello Everyone! |+------+-----------------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)mysql> delete from test where num=1; ← 删除表内的值Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> select * from test; ← 确认删除结果Empty set (0.01 sec)mysql> drop table test; ← 删除表Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show tables; ← 查看表信息Empty set (0.00 sec) ← 确认表已被删除mysql> drop database test; ← 删除名为test的数据库Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> show databases; ← 查看已存在的数据库Empty set (0.01 sec)← 确认test数据库已被删除（这里非root用户的关系，看不到名为mysql的数据库）mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器Bye然后，删除测试用过的遗留用户[root@192 local]# mysql -u root -p;Enter password:mysql> revoke all privileges on *.* from centospub@localhost;← 取消centospub用户对数据库的操作权限Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> delete from mysql.user where user=‘centospub‘and host=‘localhost‘;← 删除centospub用户Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)mysql> select user from mysql.user where user=‘centospub‘;← 查找用户centospub，确认已删除与否Empty set (0.01 sec) ← 确认centospub用户已不存在mysql> flush privileges; ← 刷新，使以上操作生效Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> exit;Bye[root@192 local]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart ← 重新启动HTTP服务← 注意：语句后面无需;分号停止 httpd： [确定]启动 httpd： [确定]第四篇：日志位置和网络服务器一、日志位置mysql 默认的日志位置，mysql日志文件默认存放位置 /var/log/mysqld.log[root@192 ~]# cd /var/log[root@192 log]# pwd/var/log[root@192 log]# lsacpid boot.log.2 conman.old dmesg maillog messages.2 ppp samba setroubleshoot tallyloganaconda.log boot.log.3 cron faillog maillog.1 messages.3 prelink scrollkeeper.log spooler vboxanaconda.syslog boot.log.4 cron.1 gdm maillog.2 messages.4 rpmpkgs secure spooler.1 wtmpanaconda.xlog brcm-iscsi.log cron.2 httpd maillog.3 mysqld.log rpmpkgs.1 secure.1 spooler.2 xenaudit btmp cron.3 lastlog maillog.4 news rpmpkgs.2 secure.2 spooler.3 Xorg.0.logboot.log clumond.log cron.4 libvirt messages piranha rpmpkgs.3 secure.3 spooler.4 Xorg.0.log.oldboot.log.1 conman cups mail messages.1 pm rpmpkgs.4 secure.4 squid yum.log二、数据库服务器mysql是支持网络的数据库服务器，经常需要通过互联网去访问，mysql默认使用tcp协议，端口是3306[root@192 log]# cat mysqld.log130503 11:25:03 mysqld startedInnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist:InnoDB: a new database to be created!130503 11:25:07 InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 10 MBInnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...130503 11:25:09 InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile0 did not exist: new to be createdInnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile0 size to 5 MBInnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...130503 11:25:09 InnoDB: Log file ./ib_logfile1 did not exist: new to be createdInnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 5 MBInnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating newInnoDB: Doublewrite buffer createdInnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tablesInnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created130503 11:25:12 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 0130503 11:25:12 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: ready for connections.Version: ‘5.0.95‘ socket: ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock‘ port: 3306 Source distribution[root@192 log]# netstat -tuplnActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program nametcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2208 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3569/hpiodtcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5989 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3905/cimservertcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:11111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4783/riccitcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3549/mysqldtcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2854/portmaptcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13747/httpdtcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:16851 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4669/modclusterdtcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3888/dnsmasqtcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3590/sshdtcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3602/cupsdtcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:952 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2890/rpc.statdtcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3643/sendmail: accetcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13747/httpdtcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2207 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3574/pythonudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:946 0.0.0.0:* 2890/rpc.statdudp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 3888/dnsmasqudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:949 0.0.0.0:* 2890/rpc.statdudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 3888/dnsmasqudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 4516/dhclientudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 3846/avahi-daemon:udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 2854/portmapudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:631 0.0.0.0:* 3602/cupsdudp 0 0 0.0.0.0:34943 0.0.0.0:* 3846/avahi-daemon:
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