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Android Fragment实现按钮间的切换
Fragment要点
Fragment是activity的界面中的一部分或一种行为。你可以把多个Fragment们组合到一个activity中来创建一个多面界面并且你可以在多个activity中重用一个Fragment。你可以把Fragment认为模块化的一段activity,它具有自己的生命周期,接收它自己的事件,并可以在activity运行时被添加或删除。
Fragment不能独立存在,它必须嵌入到activity中,而且Fragment的生命周期直接受所在的activity的影响。例如:当activity暂停时,它拥有的所有的Fragment们都暂停了,当activity销毁时,它拥有的所有Fragment们都被销毁。然而,当activity运行时(在onResume()之后,onPause()之前),你可以单独地操作每个Fragment,比如添加或删除或替代(add(),remove(),replace())它们。当你在执行上述针对Fragment的事务时,你可以将事务添加到一个棧中,这个栈被activity管理,栈中的每一条都是一个Fragment的一次事务。有了这个栈,就可以反向执行Fragment的事务,这样就可以在Fragment级支持“返回”键(向后导航)。
而本文简单介绍主要通过点击不同按钮实现切换对应的fragment的效果,类似用Tab的切换:
主要代码如下:
1.工程源代码显示:
2.编译后效果图
3.切换按钮布局:activity_bottom_bts.xml切换的按钮显示在底部
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="horizontal"> <Button android:id="@+id/movie_btn" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="center" android:text="@string/movie"/> <Button android:id="@+id/tv_btn" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="center" android:text="@string/tv"/> <Button android:id="@+id/anime_btn" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="center" android:text="@string/anime"/> <Button android:id="@+id/variety_btn" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="center" android:text="@string/variety" /> </LinearLayout></span></span>
4.主界面activity_main.xml
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><RelativeLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context="com.example.switchfragmentdemo.MainActivity$PlaceholderFragment"> <LinearLayout android:id="@+id/button_view_include" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" > <includelayout="@layout/activity_bottom_btns" /> </LinearLayout> <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/fragment_content" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_marginBottom="50dp" android:layout_below="@id/button_view_include" > </FrameLayout> </RelativeLayout></span></span>
5.strings.xml
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <stringname="app_name">SwitchFragmentDemo</string> <stringname="hello_world">Hello world!</string> <stringname="action_settings">Settings</string> <string name="movie">电影</string> <string name="tv">电视剧</string> <string name="anime">动漫</string> <string name="variety">综艺</string> <stringname="movie_view">这是一个电影界面</string> <string name="tv_view">这是一个电视剧界面</string> <stringname="anime_view">这是一个动漫界面</string> <stringname="variety_view">这是一个综艺界面</string> </resources></span></span>
6.主界面实现代码:MainActivity.java
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;">packagecom.example.myandroidswitchbtndemo; importjava.util.ArrayList; importjava.util.List; importandroid.annotation.SuppressLint; importandroid.app.Activity; importandroid.app.FragmentManager; importandroid.app.FragmentTransaction; importandroid.graphics.Color; importandroid.os.Bundle; importandroid.view.Menu; importandroid.view.MenuItem; importandroid.view.View; importandroid.view.View.OnClickListener; importandroid.widget.Button; @SuppressLint("NewApi") public classMainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private Button movieBtn, tvBtn,animeBtn, varietyBtn; private List<Button> btnList = newArrayList<Button>(); private FragmentManager fm; private FragmentTransaction ft; @Override protected void onCreate(BundlesavedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); findById(); // 進入系統默認為movie fm = getFragmentManager(); ft = fm.beginTransaction(); setBackgroundColorById(R.id.movie_btn); ft.replace(R.id.fragment_content,new MovieFragment()); ft.commit(); } private void findById() { movieBtn = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.movie_btn); tvBtn = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.tv_btn); animeBtn = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.anime_btn); varietyBtn = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.variety_btn); movieBtn.setOnClickListener(this); tvBtn.setOnClickListener(this); animeBtn.setOnClickListener(this); varietyBtn.setOnClickListener(this); btnList.add(movieBtn); btnList.add(tvBtn); btnList.add(animeBtn); btnList.add(varietyBtn); } private void setBackgroundColorById(intbtnId) { for (Button btn : btnList) { if (btn.getId() == btnId){ btn.setBackgroundColor(Color.GREEN); }else { btn.setBackgroundColor(Color.BLUE); } } } @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menumenu) { // Inflate the menu; this addsitems to the action bar if it is present. getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main,menu); return true; } @Override public booleanonOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { // Handle action bar item clickshere. The action bar will // automatically handle clicks onthe Home/Up button, so long // as you specify a parentactivity in AndroidManifest.xml. int id = item.getItemId(); if (id == R.id.action_settings) { return true; } returnsuper.onOptionsItemSelected(item); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated methodstub fm = getFragmentManager(); ft = fm.beginTransaction(); switch (v.getId()) { case R.id.movie_btn: setBackgroundColorById(R.id.movie_btn); ft.replace(R.id.fragment_content,new MovieFragment()); break; case R.id.tv_btn: setBackgroundColorById(R.id.tv_btn); ft.replace(R.id.fragment_content,new TVFragment()); break; case R.id.anime_btn: setBackgroundColorById(R.id.anime_btn); ft.replace(R.id.fragment_content,new AnimeFragment()); break; case R.id.variety_btn: setBackgroundColorById(R.id.variety_btn); ft.replace(R.id.fragment_content,new VarietyFragment()); break; default: break; } // 不要忘记提交 ft.commit(); } }</span></span>
7.电影界面:fragment_movie.xml和MovieFragment.java
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:background="#FF00FF" android:orientation="vertical" > <TextView android:id="@+id/movie_tv" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/movie_view" /> </LinearLayout></span></span>
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;">packagecom.example.myandroidswitchbtndemo; import android.app.Fragment; importandroid.os.Bundle; importandroid.view.LayoutInflater; importandroid.view.View; importandroid.view.ViewGroup; public classMovieFragment extends Fragment { <spanstyle="white-space:pre"> </span>@Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_movie, null); } }</span></span>
8.电视剧界面:fragment_tv.xml和TVFragment.java
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:background="#00FFFF" android:orientation="vertical"> <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_tv" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/tv_view" /> </LinearLayout></span></span>
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;">packagecom.example.myandroidswitchbtndemo; importandroid.os.Bundle; importandroid.app.Fragment; importandroid.view.LayoutInflater; importandroid.view.View; importandroid.view.ViewGroup; public classTVFragment extends Fragment { <spanstyle="white-space:pre"> </span>@Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_tv, null); } }</span></span>
9.动漫界面:fragment_anime和AnimeFragment.java
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:background="#00FF00" android:orientation="vertical"> <TextView android:id="@+id/anime_tv" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/anime_view" /> </LinearLayout></span></span>
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;">packagecom.example.myandroidswitchbtndemo; importandroid.os.Bundle; importandroid.annotation.SuppressLint; importandroid.app.Fragment; importandroid.view.LayoutInflater; importandroid.view.View; importandroid.view.ViewGroup; @SuppressLint("NewApi") public classAnimeFragment extends Fragment { <spanstyle="white-space:pre"> </span>@Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_anime, null); } }</span></span>
10.综艺界面:fragment_variety和VarietyFragment
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;"><?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:background="#FFFF00" android:orientation="vertical"> <TextView android:id="@+id/variety_tv" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/variety_view"/> </LinearLayout></span></span>
<span style="font-family:SimSun;"><span style="font-size:18px;">packagecom.example.myandroidswitchbtndemo; importandroid.os.Bundle; importandroid.app.Fragment; importandroid.view.LayoutInflater; importandroid.view.View; importandroid.view.ViewGroup; public classVarietyFragment extends Fragment { <spanstyle="white-space:pre"> </span>@Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_variety, null); } } </span></span>
上面为代码的具体实现。
源代码下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/a123demi/7524047