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LRU Cache

Design and implement a data structure for Least Recently Used (LRU) cache. It should support the following operations: get and set.

get(key) - Get the value (will always be positive) of the key if the key exists in the cache, otherwise return -1.
set(key, value) - Set or insert the value if the key is not already present. When the cache reached its capacity, it should invalidate the least recently used item before inserting a new item.

思路:get函数在Cache查找key的值,如果存在于Cache中,则将该键值移到Cache首位置,并返回值value反之,则返回-1;set(key,value)函数,如果key存在,则更新相应的value把该元素放到最前面。如果不存在,则创建,并放到最前面,如果容器满了,就把最后那个元素去除。从这可以看出,元素访问的先后是有一定的顺序的,我们可以采用map来对元素进行快速查找,然后定位到查找的结点,使用双向链表来进行移动或删除都很方便。这里使用STL中list容器对于移动或删除都比较容易,代码也比较简洁。

struct CacheNode{    int key;    int value;    CacheNode(int k,int v):key(k),value(v){}};class LRUCache{private:    int size;    list<CacheNode> cacheList;    unordered_map<int,list<CacheNode>::iterator > cacheMap;public:    LRUCache(int capacity) {        this->size=capacity;    }        int get(int key) {        if(cacheMap.find(key)!=cacheMap.end())        {            list<CacheNode>::iterator iter=cacheMap[key];            cacheList.splice(cacheList.begin(),cacheList,iter);            cacheMap[key]=cacheList.begin();            return cacheList.begin()->value;        }        else            return -1;    }        void set(int key, int value) {        if(cacheMap.find(key)==cacheMap.end())        {            if(cacheList.size()==size)            {                cacheMap.erase(cacheList.back().key);                cacheList.pop_back();            }            cacheList.push_front(CacheNode(key,value));            cacheMap[key]=cacheList.begin();        }        else        {            list<CacheNode>::iterator iter=cacheMap[key];            cacheList.splice(cacheList.begin(),cacheList,iter);            cacheMap[key]=cacheList.begin();            cacheList.begin()->value=http://www.mamicode.com/value;        }    }};