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linux命令:fdisk
fdisk命令简介:
查看当前系统识别了几块硬盘或者对磁盘进行分区操作。
VFS:virtual file system 虚拟文件系统
1.命令格式:
fdisk [options] <disk> 对硬盘进行分区
fdisk [options] -l <disk> 列出硬盘的分区信息
fdisk -s <partition> 显示分区的大小
fdisk -l 查看当前系统中所有的硬盘分区
[root@xuelinux ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001e9b8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1046 8192000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1046 1556 4096000 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 1556 2611 8477696 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 1556 1811 2048000 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 1811 2066 2048000 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 2066 2258 1536000 82 Linux swap / Solaris
格式化:mkfs -t ext3 /path 格式化成ext3类型的文件系统
2.命令功能:
查看当前系统识别了几块硬盘或者管理硬盘分区
管理磁盘分区:
fdisk /dev/sda
p:显示当前硬件的分区,包括没保存的改动
n:创建新分区
e:扩展分区
p:主分区
d:删除一个分区
w:保存退出
q:不保存退出
t:修改分区类型
L:在t状态下查看所以支持的类型
l:显示所支持的所有类型
partprobe 通知内核重读分区表,使新建的分区能被读到。
cat /pro/partitions 查看内核已读到的分区表,只有被内核识别到的分区才能进行格式化,挂载等操作。
root@xuelinux ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 0 20971520 sda
8 1 204800 sda1
8 2 8192000 sda2
8 3 4096000 sda3
8 4 1 sda4
8 5 2048000 sda5
8 6 2048000 sda6
8 7 1536000 sda7
3.命令参数:
-b <size> 扇区大小 (512, 1024, 2048 or 4096)
-c switch off DOS-compatible mode
-h 显示帮助
-u <size> 显示出扇区中柱面大小
-v print version
-C <number> specify the number of cylinders
-H <number> specify the number of heads
-S <number> specify the number of sect
4.命令实例:
1、演示新建一个分区,删除一个分区,修改分区类型。
fdisk /dev/sda
[root@xuelinux ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It‘s strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command ‘c‘) and change display units to
sectors (command ‘u‘).
Command (m for help): n 新建分区,如果是个新硬盘会提示新建主分区(p)或者是扩展分区(e)
First cylinder (2258-2611, default 2258): 输入起始柱面默认即可
Using default value 2258
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2258-2611, default 2611): +1G 创建一个1G分区
Command (m for help): t t修改分区类型
Partition number (1-8): 8
Hex code (type L to list codes): L L查看系统支持的分区类型
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82 输入分区类型
Changed system type of partition 8 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)
Command (m for help): p 显示已经建立好的分区表
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001e9b8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1046 8192000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1046 1556 4096000 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 1556 2611 8477696 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 1556 1811 2048000 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 1811 2066 2048000 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 2066 2258 1536000 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda8 2258 2389 1059691 82 Linux swap / Solaris
sda8即为刚才新建立的分区
ommand (m for help): w w保存退出新建分区建立成功
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
[root@xuelinux ~]# partprobe partprobe通知内核重读分区表,让内核识别新建的分区
[root@xuelinux ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 0 20971520 sda
8 1 204800 sda1
8 2 8192000 sda2
8 3 4096000 sda3
8 4 1 sda4
8 5 2048000 sda5
8 6 2048000 sda6
8 7 1536000 sda7
8 8 1024000 sda8 内核已经识别到新建分区,只有识别到了分区才能进行格式化、挂载等操作。
本文出自 “学linux历程” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://woyaoxuelinux.blog.51cto.com/5663865/1866987
linux命令:fdisk