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EF中的EntityState几个状态的说明

之前使用EF,我们都是通过调用SaveChanges方法把增加/修改/删除的数据提交到数据库,但是上下文是如何知道实体对象是增加、修改还是删除呢?答案是通过EntityState枚举来判断的,我们看一个方法:

/// <summary>        /// 查看实体状态        /// </summary>        private static void GetOneEntityToSeeEntityState()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var destination = context.Destinations.Find(4);                EntityState stateBefore = context.Entry(destination).State;                Console.WriteLine(stateBefore);            }        }

注:使用EntityState需添加引用system.data    
跑下程序,输出结果为:Unchanged。从英文意思我们已经猜到一二:取出来的数据是Unchanged,那么添加、修改、删除自然也就是Added、Modified、Deleted了。我们在EntityState上按F12定位到其定义看看:  

  

的确,当调用SaveChanges方法的时候,EF会根据EntityState这个枚举检测到实体的状态,然后执行相应的增/删/改操作。它们的具体意思分别为:

  • Detached:对象存在,但未由对象服务跟踪。在创建实体之后、但将其添加到对象上下文之前,该实体处于此状态;
  • Unchanged:自对象加载到上下文中后,或自上次调用 System.Data.Objects.ObjectContext.SaveChanges() 方法后,此对象尚未经过修改;
  • Added:对象已添加到对象上下文,但尚未调用 System.Data.Objects.ObjectContext.SaveChanges() 方法;
  • Deleted:使用 System.Data.Objects.ObjectContext.DeleteObject(System.Object) 方法从对象上下文中删除了对象;
  • Modified:对象已更改,但尚未调用 System.Data.Objects.ObjectContext.SaveChanges() 方法。

ok,已经知道了这个,我们利用EntityState这个枚举修改下之前单个实体的增删改方法:

增加:

/// <summary>        /// 添加:DbSet.Add = > EntityState.Added        /// </summary>        private static void TestAddDestination()        {            var jacksonHole = new DbContexts.Model.Destination            {                Name = "Jackson Hole,Wyoming",                Description = "Get your skis on."            };            //AddDestinationByDbSetAdd(jacksonHole);            AddDestinationByEntityStateAdded(jacksonHole);        }        private static void AddDestinationByDbSetAdd(DbContexts.Model.Destination destination)        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                context.Destinations.Add(destination);                context.SaveChanges();            }        }        private static void AddDestinationByEntityStateAdded(DbContexts.Model.Destination destination)        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                Console.WriteLine(context.Entry(destination).State);    //添加前:Detached                context.Entry(destination).State = EntityState.Added;                Console.WriteLine(context.Entry(destination).State);    //添加后:Added                context.SaveChanges();            }        }
exec sp_executesql Ninsert [baga].[Locations]([LocationName], [Country], [Description], [Photo], [TravelWarnings], [ClimateInfo])values (@0, null, @1, null, null, null)select [LocationID]from [baga].[Locations]where @@ROWCOUNT > 0 and [LocationID] = scope_identity(),N@0 nvarchar(200),@1 nvarchar(500),@0=NJackson Hole,Wyoming,@1=NGet your skis on.

监控到的sql也跟之前调用DbSet.Add方法添加实体的没什么区别。

我们看一个标记实体为未改变实体:

/// <summary>        /// 标记一个未改变的实体        /// </summary>        private static void TestAttachDestination()        {            DbContexts.Model.Destination canyon;            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                canyon = (from d in context.Destinations                          where d.Name == "Grand Canyon"                          select d).Single();            }            AttachDestination(canyon);        }        private static void AttachDestination(DbContexts.Model.Destination destination)        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                Console.WriteLine(context.Entry(destination).State);    //标记前:Detached                context.Destinations.Attach(destination);  //修改使用Attach方法                //context.Entry(destination).State = EntityState.Unchanged;   //跟Attach方法一样效果                Console.WriteLine(context.Entry(destination).State);    //标记后:Unchanged                context.SaveChanges();            }        }

可以看出,实体从数据库取出是Detached状态,调用Attach方法变成了Unchanged状态。Unchanged状态会被SaveChanges方法忽略掉,不会有任何sql发送到数据库。

修改:

/// <summary>        /// 修改:EntityState.Modified        /// </summary>        private static void TestUpdateDestination()        {            DbContexts.Model.Destination canyon;            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                canyon = (from d in context.Destinations                          where d.Name == "Grand Canyon"                          select d).Single();            }            canyon.TravelWarnings = "Don‘t Fall in!";            UpdateDestination(canyon);        }        private static void UpdateDestination(DbContexts.Model.Destination destination)        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                Console.WriteLine(context.Entry(destination).State);    //修改前:Detached                context.Entry(destination).State = EntityState.Modified;                Console.WriteLine(context.Entry(destination).State);    //修改后:Modified                context.SaveChanges();            }        }
exec sp_executesql Nupdate [baga].[Locations]set [LocationName] = @0, [Country] = @1, [Description] = @2, [Photo] = null, [TravelWarnings] = @3, [ClimateInfo] = nullwhere ([LocationID] = @4),N@0 nvarchar(200),@1 nvarchar(max) ,@2 nvarchar(500),@3 nvarchar(max) ,@4 int,@0=NGrand Canyon,@1=NUSA,@2=NOne huge canyon.,@3=NDon‘‘t Fall in!,@4=1

我们标记实体为Modified后调用SaveChanges方法后,EF知道要更新实体了,但是它并不知道具体更新的是哪一列,所以每一列都更新了。见上面的sql

删除:

/// <summary>        /// 删除:DbSet.Remove = > EntityState.Deleted        /// </summary>        private static void TestDeleteDestination()        {            DbContexts.Model.Destination canyon;            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                canyon = (from d in context.Destinations                          where d.Name == "Grand Canyon"                          select d).Single();            }            //DeleteDestination(canyon);            DeleteDestinationByEntityStateDeletion(canyon);        }        private static void DeleteDestination(DbContexts.Model.Destination destination)        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                context.Destinations.Attach(destination);  //先告诉EF这个实体                context.Destinations.Remove(destination);  //执行删除                context.SaveChanges();            }        }        private static void DeleteDestinationByEntityStateDeletion(DbContexts.Model.Destination destination)        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                Console.WriteLine(context.Entry(destination).State);    //删除前:Detached                context.Entry(destination).State = EntityState.Deleted;                Console.WriteLine(context.Entry(destination).State);    //删除后:Deleted                context.SaveChanges();            }        }
exec sp_executesql Ndelete [baga].[Locations]where ([LocationID] = @0),N@0 int,@0=1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ADO.NET Entity Framework学习笔记(3)ObjectContext对象[转] 

说明

 

ObjectContext提供了管理数据的功能

 

 

Context操作数据

 

 

AddObject 添加实体

将实体添加到集合中,

创建实体时,状态为EntityState.Detached

当调用AddObject将实体添加到Context,状态为EntityState.Added

myContext context = new myContext(); 

myTab r = new myTab();

r.ID = 10;

r.a = "wxwinter"

Console.WriteLine(r.EntityState); //print:Detached 

context.AddTomyTab(r); 

Console.WriteLine(r.EntityState); //print:Added 

context.SaveChanges();

myContext context = new myContext(); 

myTab newrow = new myTab() { a = "wxd", b = "lzm", c = "wxwinter" }; 

context.AddObject("myTab",newrow); 

context.SaveChanges();

 

DeleteObject 删除实体

将集合中的实体添标记为删除

当调用Context.DeleteObject,并不是将实体移除集合,而是将实体添标记为EntityState.Deleted ,在下次调用SaveChanges()方法时跟新数据库

myContext context = new myContext(); 

myTab r = context.myTab.First(p=>p.ID==1); 

Console.WriteLine(r.EntityState); //print:Unchanged 

context.DeleteObject(r); 

Console.WriteLine(r.EntityState); //print:Deleted 

context.SaveChanges();

 

Detach 分离实体

将实体从Context中分离,将状态标记为EntityState.Detached 。

myContext context = new myContext(); 

myTab r = myTab.CreatemyTab(22); 

Console.WriteLine(r.EntityState); //print:Detached 

context.AddTomyTab(r); 

Console.WriteLine(r.EntityState); //print:Added 

context.Detach(r); 

Console.WriteLine(r.EntityState); //print: Detached

修改实体

可以直接修在实体对象上修改

当修改在Context中的实体时,会将实体的状态标记为EntityState.Modified

myContext context = new myContext(); 

myTab r = context.myTab.First(p=>p.ID==1);

Console.WriteLine(r.EntityState); //print:Unchanged

r.a = "wxwinter";

Console.WriteLine(r.EntityState); //print:Modified 

context.SaveChanges();

 

ApplyPropertyChanges 修改实体

 

使用ApplyPropertyChanges,可以使用不在集合中的实体覆盖到集合中主键对应用实体上,如果内存中没有主键对应的记录,会报错:“ObjectStateManager 不包含具有对“XXX”类型的对象的引用的 ObjectStateEntry。”该方法还有一个特点就是,会拿内存中的对象(新对象)和context中的对象(旧对象)对比,自动生成对应字段修改的Update语句,如果内存中的对象与context中的对象完全相等(每个字段的值都相等),将不生成响应的Update

myContext context = new myContext();

myTab r1 = context.myTab.First(p => p.ID == 1); 

myTab nr = myTab.CreatemyTab(1);

nr.a = "wxwinter"

Console.WriteLine(nr.EntityState); //print:Detached

Console.WriteLine(r1.EntityState); //print:Unchanged 

context.ApplyPropertyChanges("myTab", nr); 

myTab r2 = context.myTab.First(p => p.ID == 1); 

Console.WriteLine(nr.EntityState); //print:Detached

Console.WriteLine(r2.EntityState); //print:Modified 

context.SaveChanges();

 

Orders order;
using (NorthwindEntities ne = new NorthwindEntities())
{
    
//利用EntityObject.Execute(MergeOption.NoTracking),等效于使用ObjectContext.Dettach(EntityObject)
    
//查询并分离对象
    order = ne.Orders.Execute(MergeOption.NoTracking).Where(v => v.OrderID == 10248).FirstOrDefault();
}
//修改分离的值
order.ShipName = "1111111111111111";
//使用分离的对象 order 更新 
using (NorthwindEntities context = new NorthwindEntities())
{
    
//将数据载入到context中以便更新
    context.GetObjectByKey(order.EntityKey);
    
//使用order 更新 context中的对应对象
    context.ApplyPropertyChanges(order.EntityKey.EntitySetName, order);
    context.SaveChanges();
}

 

Attach / AttachTo 附加实体

使用Attach方法可将[外部实体]附加到Context集合中

在使用 服务器/客户端模式,或要将[实体]从Context集合中分离,修改后要用Context更新回数据库时,可用这种方式

Attach与ApplyPropertyChanges有类似之处,都是将Context集合外的[实体]与Context集合内的[实体]同步.

  1. ApplyPropertyChanges调用时,要求对应的[实体]在内存中,Attach不要求
  2. ApplyPropertyChanges调用后,集合内的实体状态会标记为EntityState.Modified
    Attach调用后不会修改合内的实体状态,如要SaveChanges(),要手动标记EntityState.Modified
  3. ApplyPropertyChanges是用[外部实体]全覆盖Context集合中的[实体],
    Attach方式,通过SetModifiedProperty()方法,可在调用SaveChanges()时,只修改只定有字段值  

myContext context = new myContext(); 
myTab v 
= myTab.CreatemyTab(1);  
v.EntityKey 
= context.CreateEntityKey("myTab", v); 
v.a 
= "wxwinter";
context.Attach(v);
//context.AttachTo("myTab", v);
ObjectStateEntry ose = context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(v);
//设置修改
ose.SetModified();
//指定修改的字段名
ose.SetModifiedProperty("a");
context.SaveChanges();

修改前

 

修改后

 

 

CreateEntityKey 创建EntityKey

myContext context = new myContext();

 

myTab nr = myTab.CreatemyTab(1);

 

EntityKey ek= context.CreateEntityKey("myTab", nr);

 

EntityKey

EntityContainerName 属性

 

EntityKeyValues 集合

 

EntitySetName 属性

 

IsTemporary 属性

 

GetEntitySet(System.Data.Metadata.Edm.MetadataWorkspace) 方法

 

OnDeserialized(System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext) 方法

 

OnDeserializing(System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext) 方法

 

 

GetObjectByKey/TryGetObjectByKey 通过EntityKey得到实体

myContext context = new myContext(); 

myTab nr = myTab.CreatemyTab(1);

EntityKey ek= context.CreateEntityKey("myTab", nr); 

myTab r = context.GetObjectByKey(ek) as myTab

Console.WriteLine("{0},{1},{2},{3}", r.ID, r.a, r.b, r.c);

myContext context = new myContext(); 

myTab nr = myTab.CreatemyTab(1);

EntityKey ek= context.CreateEntityKey("myTab", nr);
object obj;

if (context.TryGetObjectByKey(ek,out obj))

{

    myTab r = obj as myTab;

    Console.WriteLine("{0},{1},{2},{3}", r.ID, r.a, r.b, r.c);

}

 

CreateQuery 创建查询

更多见esql

myContext context = new myContext(); 

string esql = "SELECT VALUE DBItemList FROM myContext.DBItemList"

// ObjectQuery<DBItemList> query = new ObjectQuery<DBItemList>(esql, context); 

ObjectQuery<DBItemList> query = context.CreateQuery<DBItemList>(esql); 

foreach (DBItemList r in query)

{

    Console.WriteLine(r.NameID);

}

 

 

 

 

状态管理

 

EntityState 状态枚举

EntityState.Added 已通过AddObject方法加到集合中,AcceptChanges 尚未调用。

EntityState.Deleted 已通过 DeleteObject 方法被删除。

EntityState.Detached 已被创建,但不属于任何集合。在以下情况下立即处于此状态:创建之后添加到集合中之前;或从集合中移除之后。

EntityState.Modified 已被修改,AcceptChanges 尚未调用。

EntityState.Unchanged 自上次调用 AcceptChanges 以来尚未更改

 

Context.ObjectStateManager 管理记录的状态

GetObjectStateEntry 根据实体对象或实体主键得到状态实体

实体必须在当前连接对象context中否则无法获取实体状态会引发:
ObjectStateManager 不包含具有对“context ”类型的对象的引用的 ObjectStateEntry
也就是该方法无法获取已分离的实体对象状态

ObjectStateEntry = GetObjectStateEntry(实体对像/EntityKey

得到所指定的[实体对像]EntityKey ObjectStateEntry

myContext context = new myContext();

myTab r = myTab.CreatemyTab(22);

context.AddTomyTab(r);

 

// ObjectStateEntry ose= context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(r);

ObjectStateEntry ose = context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(r.EntityKey);

 

Console.WriteLine(ose.State); //print:Added

 

TryGetObjectStateEntry 根据实体对象或实体主键得到状态实体

bool = TryGetObjectStateEntry(实体对像/EntityKey,out ObjectStateEntry)

 

得到所指定的[实体对像]EntityKey ObjectStateEntry

myContext context = new myContext();

myTab r = myTab.CreatemyTab(22); 

context.AddTomyTab(r); 

ObjectStateEntry ose; 

if( context.ObjectStateManager.TryGetObjectStateEntry(r,out ose))

{

    Console.WriteLine(ose.State); //print:Added

}

 

GetObjectStateEntries 根据状态类型得到状态实体集合

IEnumerable<ObjectStateEntry> = GetObjectStateEntries(EntityState枚举

返回IEnumerable<ObjectStateEntry>,得到EntityState枚举所指定的某种状态的列表

myContext context = new myContext(); 

myTab r = myTab.CreatemyTab(22); 

context.AddTomyTab(r);

IEnumerable<ObjectStateEntry> oseList = context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntries(EntityState.Added);

foreach (ObjectStateEntry v in oseList)

{

    Console.WriteLine("{0},{1},{2}", v.State, v.CurrentValues["ID"], v.EntitySet.Name);

}

//print:Added,22,myTab

 

ObjectStateManagerChanged 事件

CollectionChangeEventHandler(object sender, CollectionChangeEventArgs e)

e.Action : 集合操作行为

System.ComponentModel.CollectionChangeAction.Add

System.ComponentModel.CollectionChangeAction.Refresh

System.ComponentModel.CollectionChangeAction.Remove 

e.Element : 操作的实体对象

 

void ObjectStateManager_ObjectStateManagerChanged(object sender, CollectionChangeEventArgs e)

    Console.WriteLine(e.Action);
    myTab v = e.Element as myTab;

    Console.WriteLine("{0}",v.ID);

}

//===================================

myContext context = new myContext();

context.ObjectStateManager.ObjectStateManagerChanged+=new CollectionChangeEventHandler(ObjectStateManager_ObjectStateManagerChanged);

myTab r = myTab.CreatemyTab(22);

context.AddTomyTab(r);

/*

*print:

Add

22

*/

 

ObjectStateEntry 对象

基本属性

IsRelationship 属性

 

Entity 属性

 

EntityKey 属性

 

EntitySet 属性

 

 

 

State 状态属性

EntityState 枚举

myContext context = new myContext();

myTab r = myTab.CreatemyTab(22);

context.AddTomyTab(r);

ObjectStateEntry ose= context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(r);

Console.WriteLine(ose.State); //print:Added

 

CurrentValues 当前值

处于 deleted detached 状态的对象没有当前值。

myContext context = new myContext();

myTab r = new myTab() { ID = 22, a = "wxwinter" };

context.AddTomyTab(r);

ObjectStateEntry ose= context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(r);

Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}",ose.CurrentValues["ID"],ose.CurrentValues["a"]);

//print: 22,wxwinter

 

OriginalValues 原始值

处于 added detached 状态的对象没有原始值

myContext context = new myContext();

myTab r = context.myTab.First(p => p.ID == 1);

 

r.a = "wxwinter";

ObjectStateEntry ose= context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(r);

 

Console.WriteLine(ose.State);

Console.WriteLine("CurrentValues :{0},{1}", ose.CurrentValues["ID"], ose.CurrentValues["a"]);

Console.WriteLine("OriginalValues:{0},{1}", ose.OriginalValues["ID"], ose.OriginalValues["a"]);

/*

* print:

Modified

CurrentValues :1,wxwinter

OriginalValues:1,aa

*/

 

 

GetModifiedProperties 得到被修改的属性

返回IEnumerable<string>

 

得到被修改的属性集合

myContext context = new myContext();

myTab r = context.myTab.First(p => p.ID == 1);

 

r.a = "wxwinter";

r.b = "wxd";

 

ObjectStateEntry ose= context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(r);

IEnumerable<string> list = ose.GetModifiedProperties();

foreach (string pr in list)

{

Console.WriteLine(pr);

}

/*

* print:

a

b

*/

 

SetModified,SetModifiedProperty 标记为修改

SetModified() 方法将记录标记为 EntityState.Modified

只是这样,调用Context.SaveChanges方法是无法保存修改到数据库中的,Context.SaveChanges方法要查找被修改过的属性,

可用SetModifiedProperty方法标记被修改过的属性

myContext context = new myContext();

myTab r = context.myTab.First(p => p.ID == 1);

r.a = "wxwinter"

ObjectStateEntry ose= context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(r);
ose.AcceptChanges();

Console.WriteLine(ose.State);

Console.WriteLine("CurrentValues :{0},{1}", ose.CurrentValues["ID"], ose.CurrentValues["a"]);

Console.WriteLine("OriginalValues:{0},{1}", ose.OriginalValues["ID"], ose.OriginalValues["a"]);

/*

* print:

Unchanged

CurrentValues :1,wxwinter

OriginalValues:1,wxwinter

*/

 

ose.SetModified();

ose.SetModifiedProperty("a");

 

Console.WriteLine(ose.State);

Console.WriteLine("CurrentValues :{0},{1}", ose.CurrentValues["ID"], ose.CurrentValues["a"]);

Console.WriteLine("OriginalValues:{0},{1}", ose.OriginalValues["ID"], ose.OriginalValues["a"]);

 

/*

* print:

Modified

CurrentValues :1,wxwinter

OriginalValues:1,wxwinter

*/

context.SaveChanges();

 

Delete 标记为删除

标记为EntityState.Deleted

myContext context = new myContext();

myTab r = context.myTab.First(p => p.ID == 1);

ObjectStateEntry ose= context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(r);

ose.Delete();

Console.WriteLine(ose.State); //print: Detached

 

Console.WriteLine("OriginalValues:{0},{1}", ose.OriginalValues["ID"], ose.OriginalValues["a"]);

//print:OriginalValues:1,wxwinter

用 context.DeleteObject方法的效果与上例一样

 

myContext context = new myContext();

myTab r = context.myTab.First(p => p.ID == 1);
ObjectStateEntry ose = context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(r);
context.DeleteObject(r);
Console.WriteLine(ose.State); //print: Detached
Console.WriteLine("OriginalValues:{0},{1}", ose.OriginalValues["ID"], ose.OriginalValues["a"]);

//print:OriginalValues:1,wxwinter

 

AcceptChanges 方法

将记录的状态置为EntityState.Unchanged

[CurrentValues 当前值]替换[OriginalValues 原始值],

使用[ Context.AcceptAllChanges 方法]也有同样效果

注意:状态为[EntityState.Deleted ]的记录,会被[Detach]

myContext context = new myContext();

myTab r = context.myTab.First(p => p.ID == 1);
r.a = "wxwinter";

context.AcceptAllChanges();
ObjectStateEntry ose= context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(r);

ose.AcceptChanges();

Console.WriteLine(ose.State);

Console.WriteLine("CurrentValues :{0},{1}", ose.CurrentValues["ID"], ose.CurrentValues["a"]);

Console.WriteLine("OriginalValues:{0},{1}", ose.OriginalValues["ID"], ose.OriginalValues["a"]);

/*

* print:

Unchanged

CurrentValues :1,wxwinter

OriginalValues:1,wxwinter

*/

当调用AcceptChanges时,如果对像处于[EntityState.Deleted ],会将对象移除集合,这时对像的状态为[EntityState.Detached ]

 

myContext context = new myContext();

myTab r = context.myTab.First(p => p.ID == 1);

ObjectStateEntry ose= context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(r);

ose.Delete();

ose.AcceptChanges();

Console.WriteLine(ose.State); //print: Detached

 

 

 

保存修改到数据库

 

Context.SaveChanges 方法

如果集合中有状态为EntityState.Added的记录,用[CurrentValues 当前值]添加到数据库中

 

如果集合中有状态为EntityState.Deleted的记录,从数据库是删除与之对应的数据库记录

 

如果集合中有状态为EntityState.Modified的记录,用[OriginalValues 原始值]与对应的数据库记录比效,查看并发, 用[CurrentValues 当前值]更新与之对应的数据库记录

 

 

SaveChanges(true)

将数据保存到数据库后

将所有记录状态标记为EntityState.Unchanged ,(调用Context.AcceptAllChanges )

myContext context = new myContext();

myTab r = context.myTab.First(p => p.ID == 1); 

r.a = "wxwinter";

ObjectStateEntry ose = context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(r);

context.SaveChanges(true); 

Console.WriteLine(ose.State);

Console.WriteLine("CurrentValues :{0},{1}", ose.CurrentValues["ID"], ose.CurrentValues["a"]);

Console.WriteLine("OriginalValues:{0},{1}", ose.OriginalValues["ID"], ose.OriginalValues["a"]);

 

/*

* print:

Unchanged

CurrentValues :1,wxwinter

OriginalValues:1,wxwinter

*/

SaveChanges()

SaveChanges(true)相同

SaveChanges(false)

将数据保存到数据库,

但并不改变记录状态

myContext context = new myContext();

myTab r = context.myTab.First(p => p.ID == 1); 

r.a = "wxwinter";

ObjectStateEntry ose = context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(r);

context.SaveChanges(false);

Console.WriteLine(ose.State);

Console.WriteLine("CurrentValues :{0},{1}", ose.CurrentValues["ID"], ose.CurrentValues["a"]);

Console.WriteLine("OriginalValues:{0},{1}", ose.OriginalValues["ID"], ose.OriginalValues["a"]);

 

/*

* print:

Modified

CurrentValues :1,wxwinter

OriginalValues:1,aa

*/

 

Context.SavingChanges 事件

myContext context = new myContext();

context.SavingChanges+=new EventHandler(context_SavingChanges);

myTab r = context.myTab.First(p => p.ID == 1);
r.a = "wxwinter";
context.SaveChanges();

void context_SavingChanges(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

    myContext context = sender as myContext;

    Console.WriteLine(context.DefaultContainerName);

}

 

Context.AcceptAllChanges 方法

将所有记录的状态置为EntityState.Unchanged

[CurrentValues 当前值]替换[OriginalValues 原始值]

效果与对所在记录的ObjectStateEntry上调用AcceptAllChanges一样

注意:状态为[EntityState.Deleted ]的记录,会被[Detach]

myContext context = new myContext();

myTab r = context.myTab.First(p => p.ID == 1);

 

r.a = "wxwinter";

context.AcceptAllChanges();

 

ObjectStateEntry ose= context.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(r);

Console.WriteLine(ose.State);

Console.WriteLine("CurrentValues :{0},{1}", ose.CurrentValues["ID"], ose.CurrentValues["a"]);

Console.WriteLine("OriginalValues:{0},{1}", ose.OriginalValues["ID"], ose.OriginalValues["a"]);

/*

* print:

Unchanged

CurrentValues :1,wxwinter

OriginalValues:1,wxwinter

*/

 

 

 

 

连接属性

 

Context.DefaultContainerName 属性

 

Context.Connection 属性

 

Context.CommandTimeout 属性

 

 

 

Context.MetadataWorkspace

 

 

 

数据刷新与并发

 

EF提供了两种并发冲突处理方式:放任不管方式和开放式并发。默认采用放任不管的方式处理。

如果要使用开放式并发,必须设置相应属性上的[并发模式]值[Fixed]

 

后修改数据的ObjectContext缓存了旧版本的数据时,当提交修改后系统就会抛出"OptimisticConcurrencyException"(开放式并发异常)。

当程序捕获到异常以后,可以使用ObjectContext的Refresh方法对异常采取处理。

 

 

 

 

缓存数据不会自动更新

公共

myContext context1 = new myContext();

myContext context2 = new myContext();

查询

foreach (var r in context1.DBItem)

{

Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}", r.ItemID, r.ItemMatter);

}

 

Console.WriteLine("---------------------");

 

foreach (var r in context2.DBItem)

{

Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}", r.ItemID, r.ItemMatter);

}

a,this is a

b,this is b

c,this is c

---------------------

a,this is a

b,this is b

c,this is c

修改

DBItem dbitem1 = context1.DBItem.First(p => p.ItemID == "a");

dbitem1.ItemMatter = "hello";

context1.SaveChanges();

再查询

foreach (var r in context1.DBItem)

{

Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}", r.ItemID, r.ItemMatter);

}

 

Console.WriteLine("---------------------");

 

foreach (var r in context2.DBItem)

{

Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}", r.ItemID, r.ItemMatter);

}

a,hello

b,this is b

c,this is c

---------------------

a,this is a

b,this is b

c,this is c

 

[并发模式]值为[Fixed]的并发异常

注意,只有后修改数据的ObjectContext缓存了旧版本的数据时,长会产生异常

DBItem dbitem1 = context1.DBItem.First(p => p.ItemID == "a");

dbitem1.ItemMatter = "hello";

context1.SaveChanges();

 

DBItem dbitem2 = context2.DBItem.First(p => p.ItemID == "a");

dbitem2.ItemMatter = "wxwinter";

context2.SaveChanges();

 

ObjectContext.Refresh()

Refresh的第一个参数RefreshMode枚举,RefreshMode.StoreWins,RefreshMode.ClientWins

StoreWins

StoreWins : Refresh以后,用数据库的值回写,当前的修改值被放弃

公共

myContext context1 = new myContext();

myContext context2 = new myContext();

查询

foreach (var r in context1.DBItem)

{

Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}", r.ItemID, r.ItemMatter);

}

 

Console.WriteLine("---------------------");

 

foreach (var r in context2.DBItem)

{

Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}", r.ItemID, r.ItemMatter);

}

a,this is a

b,this is b

c,this is c

---------------------

a,this is a

b,this is b

c,this is c

修改

DBItem dbitem1 = context1.DBItem.First(p => p.ItemID == "a");

dbitem1.ItemMatter = "hello";

context1.SaveChanges();

 

 

DBItem dbitem2 = context2.DBItem.First(p => p.ItemID == "a");

 

dbitem2.ItemMatter = "wxwinter";

try

{

context2.SaveChanges();

}

catch

{

context2.Refresh( RefreshMode.StoreWins , dbitem2);

}

在System.Data.OptimisticConcurrencyException 中第一次偶然出现的"System.Data.Entity.dll"类型的异常

再查询

foreach (var r in context1.DBItem)

{

Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}", r.ItemID, r.ItemMatter);

}

 

Console.WriteLine("---------------------");

 

foreach (var r in context2.DBItem)

{

Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}", r.ItemID, r.ItemMatter);

}

a,hello

b,this is b

c,this is c

---------------------

a,hello

b,this is b

c,this is c

 

ClientWins

StoreWins: Refresh以后,当前的修改值仍存在,只是告诉ObjectContext知到的并发问题了,这时再调用 ObjectContext.SaveChanges()时,ObjectContext就不会报[开放式并发异常]

 

DBItem dbitem1 = context1.DBItem.First(p => p.ItemID == "a");

dbitem1.ItemMatter = "hello";

context1.SaveChanges(); 

DBItem dbitem2 = context2.DBItem.First(p => p.ItemID == "a"); 

dbitem2.ItemMatter = "wxwinter";

try

{

context2.SaveChanges();

}

catch

{

context2.Refresh(RefreshMode.ClientWins, dbitem2);

context2.SaveChanges();

}

 

也可以先Refresh()再SaveChanges(),而不用异常捕获

DBItem dbitem1 = context1.DBItem.First(p => p.ItemID == "a");

dbitem1.ItemMatter = "hello";

context1.SaveChanges(); 

DBItem dbitem2 = context2.DBItem.First(p => p.ItemID == "a"); 

dbitem2.ItemMatter = "wxwinter"

context2.Refresh(RefreshMode.ClientWins, dbitem2);

context2.SaveChanges();

 

 

事务处理

 

同一SubmitChanges 会做默认的事务处理

下例由于ItemID主键冲突,两条数据都不会被插入

myContext context1 = new myContext();

DBItem item1 = new DBItem();

item1.ItemID = "w";

item1.ItemMatter = "wxwinter";

context1.AddObject("DBItem", item1); 

DBItem item2 = new DBItem();

item2.ItemID = "w";

item2.ItemMatter = "wxd";

context1.AddObject("DBItem", item2); 

context1.SaveChanges();

 

不同SubmitChanges 不会做事务处理

下例由于ItemID主键冲突,后一条数据都不会被插入

 

myContext context1 = new myContext();

DBItem item1 = new DBItem();

item1.ItemID = "w";

item1.ItemMatter = "wxwinter";

context1.AddObject("DBItem", item1);

context1.SaveChanges();

 

myContext context2 = new myContext();

DBItem item2 = new DBItem();

item2.ItemID = "w";

item2.ItemMatter = "wxd";

context2.AddObject("DBItem", item2);

context2.SaveChanges();

 

System.Data.Common.DbTransaction

下例由于ItemID主键冲突,两条数据都不会被插入

 

myContext context1 = new myContext();

DBItem item1 = new DBItem();

item1.ItemID = "w";

item1.ItemMatter = "wxwinter";

context1.AddObject("DBItem", item1);

 

if (context1.Connection.State != ConnectionState.Open)

{

context1.Connection.Open();

}

System.Data.Common.DbTransaction tran = context1.Connection.BeginTransaction();

context1.SaveChanges();

 

try

{

 

DBItem item2 = new DBItem();

item2.ItemID = "w";

item2.ItemMatter = "wxd";

context1.AddObject("DBItem", item2);

context1.SaveChanges();

tran.Commit();

}

catch

{

tran.Rollback();

}

 

死锁(两个Context使用DbTransaction)

 

myContext context1 = new myContext();

DBItem item1 = new DBItem();

item1.ItemID = "w";

item1.ItemMatter = "wxwinter";

context1.AddObject("DBItem", item1);

 

if (context1.Connection.State != ConnectionState.Open)

{

context1.Connection.Open();

}

System.Data.Common.DbTransaction tran = context1.Connection.BeginTransaction();

context1.SaveChanges();

 

try

{

myContext context2 = new myContext();

DBItem item2 = new DBItem();

item2.ItemID = "w";

item2.ItemMatter = "wxd";

context2.AddObject("DBItem", item2);

context2.SaveChanges();

tran.Commit();

}

catch

{

tran.Rollback();

}

 

TransactionScope 事务(两个Context)

System.Transactions.TransactionScope

可解决[死锁(两个Context使用DbTransaction)]

下例由于ItemID主键冲突,两条数据都不会被插入

using (System.Transactions.TransactionScope tc = new TransactionScope())

{

 

try

{

 

myContext context1 = new myContext();

DBItem item1 = new DBItem();

item1.ItemID = "w";

item1.ItemMatter = "wxwinter";

context1.AddObject("DBItem", item1);

context1.SaveChanges();

 

myContext context2 = new myContext();

DBItem item2 = new DBItem();

item2.ItemID = "w";

item2.ItemMatter = "wxd";

context2.AddObject("DBItem", item2);

context2.SaveChanges();

tc.Complete();

}

catch

{

}

}