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struts2源代码学习之初始化(一)

看struts2源代码已有一段时日,从今天開始,就做一个总结吧。

首先,先看看怎么调试struts2源代码吧,主要是下面步骤:

使用Myeclipse创建一个webproject

导入struts2须要的jar包

如图:



让jar包关联源文件

在上图中的jar包右键,选择properties->java source attach,假设关联成功,双击jar包下的某个class文件就会显示java源码了。

双击.class文件,在源码关键地方设置断点

部署project到Tomcat

Tomcat以Debug方式启动

经过以上步骤,就可以执行单步调试了,这样就能够非常方便的查看代码的执行状态了。

struts2框架作为MVC框架,主要作用就是帮助处理请求,以一种与web容器无关的方式。也就是说,处理请求时能够不使用HttpServletRequest等类。struts2採用Filter来拦截请求,推断假设是struts2能够处理的,请求就进入struts2框架进行处理,否则请求进入下一个Filter。

先从Filter的初始化開始来看struts2吧,由于这也是struts2框架初始化的过程。

ok,我们看看struts2的StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter类的init()方法:

public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        InitOperations init = new InitOperations();
        Dispatcher dispatcher = null;
        try {
            FilterHostConfig config = new FilterHostConfig(filterConfig);//仅仅是进行了一层薄薄的封装
            init.initLogging(config);//初始化用户在配置filter时定义的logger
            dispatcher = init.initDispatcher(config);//创建一个转发器,并初始化
            init.initStaticContentLoader(config, dispatcher);//初始化静态资源载入器

            prepare = new PrepareOperations(filterConfig.getServletContext(), dispatcher);
            execute = new ExecuteOperations(filterConfig.getServletContext(), dispatcher);
            this.excludedPatterns = init.buildExcludedPatternsList(dispatcher);

            postInit(dispatcher, filterConfig);
        } finally {
            if (dispatcher != null) {
                dispatcher.cleanUpAfterInit();
            }
            init.cleanup();
        }
    }

从以上代码能够归纳出,初始化主要完毕下面这些事情:

1.封装init()的參数filterConfig成struts2定义的FilterHostConfig

仅仅是进行了一层薄薄的封装,代码例如以下:

public class FilterHostConfig implements HostConfig {

    private FilterConfig config;

    public FilterHostConfig(FilterConfig config) {
        this.config = config;
    }
    public String getInitParameter(String key) {
        return config.getInitParameter(key);
    }

    public Iterator<String> getInitParameterNames() {
        return MakeIterator.convert(config.getInitParameterNames());
    }

    public ServletContext getServletContext() {
        return config.getServletContext();
    }
}

2.初始化日志记录器,假设用户在web.xml中配置filter时配置了loggerFactory參数的话

通过InitOperations类的initLogging()。InitOperations类主要是封装了一些初始化操作,下面是该类的全部方法,从名字也能够看出方法的功能。

public class InitOperations {
    public InitOperations() 
    public void initLogging( HostConfig filterConfig )
    public Dispatcher initDispatcher( HostConfig filterConfig )
    public StaticContentLoader initStaticContentLoader( HostConfig filterConfig, Dispatcher dispatcher )
    public Dispatcher findDispatcherOnThread()
    private Dispatcher createDispatcher( HostConfig filterConfig )
    public void cleanup()
    public List<Pattern> buildExcludedPatternsList( Dispatcher dispatcher )
    private List<Pattern> buildExcludedPatternsList( String patterns )
}

3.创建Dispatcher并初始化

Dispatcher在struts2中是一个非常重要的类,它的工作就是将filter拦截到的请求转入struts2的请求处理模块。当然,首先Dispatcher会被初始化,它的初始化方法init()但是干了非常多的活呢。这部分在后面会细细的解说,先看看大概是如何一个过程吧。在InitOperations类中:

public Dispatcher initDispatcher( HostConfig filterConfig ) {
        Dispatcher dispatcher = createDispatcher(filterConfig);
        dispatcher.init();
        return dispatcher;
    }

private Dispatcher createDispatcher( HostConfig filterConfig ) {
        Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
        for ( Iterator e = filterConfig.getInitParameterNames(); e.hasNext(); ) {
            String name = (String) e.next();
            String value = http://www.mamicode.com/filterConfig.getInitParameter(name);>
这里filter配置的參数会被保存如Dispatcher对象中,配置如:

<filter>
      <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
      <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
      <init-param>
      <param-name>filterParam</param-name>
	  <param-value>abc</param-value>
      </init-param>
  </filter>

4.初始化静态资源载入器

public StaticContentLoader initStaticContentLoader( HostConfig filterConfig, Dispatcher dispatcher ) {
        StaticContentLoader loader = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(StaticContentLoader.class);
        loader.setHostConfig(filterConfig);
        return loader;
    }

在完毕了Dispatcher的初始化之后,struts2维护的一个容器Container就创建完毕了,能够使用了。这里通过container创建一个StaticContentLoader对象。

StaticContentLoader是接口,看看该接口声明了哪些方法:

public interface StaticContentLoader {
    public boolean canHandle(String path);
    public abstract void setHostConfig(HostConfig filterConfig);
    public abstract void findStaticResource(String path, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws IOException;
}

struts2有一个实现类为DefaultStaticContentLoader类。在普通情况下,struts2是不会处理静态资源的请求的,除非请求的路径是以struts或static开头,如有个test应用,那么请求必须是/test/struts/...或者/test/static/...这样才会处理。

假设struts2框架不处理静态资源的请求的话,谁来处理呢?自然是web容器了,比方tomcat。在StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter中:

public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>...
                ActionMapping mapping = prepare.findActionMapping(request, response, true);
                if (mapping == null) {
                    boolean handled = execute.executeStaticResourceRequest(request, response);
                    if (!handled) {
                        chain.doFilter(request, response);
                    }
                } else {
                    execute.executeAction(request, response, mapping);
                }
         ...
    }

能够看到,假设不处理,那么调用chain.doFilter(),请求也就不进入struts2框架了。

那么,假设要让struts2框架处理这种请求,应该怎么做呢?

首先,自然是请求的路径要以struts或static开头了。

然后,静态资源应该存放在应用的例如以下几个包之中的一个:

struts

org.apache.struts2.static

 template

org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging

也能够自己在filter配置參数指定包名:

<init-param>
    	<param-name>packages</param-name>
    	<param-value>abc</param-value>
</init-param>

假设有多个包的话,能够用逗号分隔。

如此就可以。

5.创建PrepareOperations对象和ExecuteOperations对象

PrepareOperations和ExecuteOperations有什么用呢?和InitOperations类似,封装一些操作。仅仅只是InitOperations是封装初始化的操作,而前两者则是封装请求预处理和请求处理的操作,当处理请求时方法被调用。先看PrepareOperations有哪些操作:

public class PrepareOperations {
    public PrepareOperations(ServletContext servletContext, Dispatcher dispatcher)
    public ActionContext createActionContext(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    public void cleanupRequest(HttpServletRequest request)
    public void assignDispatcherToThread() 
    public void setEncodingAndLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    public HttpServletRequest wrapRequest(HttpServletRequest oldRequest) 
    public ActionMapping findActionMapping
    (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    public ActionMapping findActionMapping(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, boolean forceLookup)
    public void cleanupDispatcher()
    public boolean isUrlExcluded( HttpServletRequest request, List<Pattern> excludedPatterns ) 
    private String getUri( HttpServletRequest request )
}

ExecuteOperations就简单得多了:

public class ExecuteOperations {
    private ServletContext servletContext;
    private Dispatcher dispatcher;

    public ExecuteOperations(ServletContext servletContext, Dispatcher dispatcher) {
        this.dispatcher = dispatcher;
        this.servletContext = servletContext;
    }

    /**
     * Tries to execute a request for a static resource
     * @return True if it was handled, false if the filter should fall through
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws ServletException
     */
    public boolean executeStaticResourceRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException {
        // there is no action in this request, should we look for a static resource?
        String resourcePath = RequestUtils.getServletPath(request);

        if ("".equals(resourcePath) && null != request.getPathInfo()) {
            resourcePath = request.getPathInfo();
        }

        StaticContentLoader staticResourceLoader = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(StaticContentLoader.class);
        if (staticResourceLoader.canHandle(resourcePath)) {
            staticResourceLoader.findStaticResource(resourcePath, request, response);
            // The framework did its job here
            return true;

        } else {
            // this is a normal request, let it pass through
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Executes an action
     * @throws ServletException
     */
    public void executeAction(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ActionMapping mapping) throws ServletException {
        dispatcher.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping);
    }
}

关于请求的处理,后面具体讲。这里就当做是一个热身吧。

6.封装配置filter时指定的不处理的action请求的pattern成List<Pattern>

这个配置是通过STRUTS_ACTION_EXCLUDE_PATTERN这个常量设置的。在struts.xml或者struts.properties文件里配置。

7.完毕一些清理工作

事实上也没清理多少东西了。


ok,初始化的基本流程分析完了,但当中Dispatcher的初始化还是一个黑盒。所下面一篇struts2源代码学习之初始化(二)就具体分析Dispatcher的初始化。