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Hibernate ManyToOne Mappings 多对一关联映射
Hibernate ManyToOne Mappings 多对一关联映射
Hibernate框架的使用步骤：
1、创建Hibernate的配置文件（hibernate.cfg.xml）例子：多个员工对应一个地址。
2、创建持久化类，即其实例需要保存到数据库中的类（Employee.java）
3、创建对象-关系映射文件（Employee.hbm.xml）4、通过Hibernate API编写访问数据库的代码
一、创建hibernate.cfg.xml 配置文件：
注意数据库名、用户名、密码是否填写正确。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration SYSTEM "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> <!-- Assume testone is the database name --> <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/testMany2One</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property> <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property> <!-- List of XML mapping files --> <mapping resource="resource/Employee.hbm.xml" /> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
二、创建持久化类，即其实例需要保存到数据库中的类（Employee.java、Address.java）
Employee.java
package com.jiangge.hblearn;
/**
* @author jiangge
*/
public class Employee
{
private int id;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private int salary;
private Address address;
public Employee()
{
}
public Employee(String firstName, String lastName, int salary,
Address address)
{
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
this.salary = salary;
this.address = address;
}
public int getId()
{
return id;
}
public void setId(int id)
{
this.id = id;
}
public String getFirstName()
{
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName(String firstName)
{
this.firstName = firstName;
}
public String getLastName()
{
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName)
{
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public int getSalary()
{
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(int salary)
{
this.salary = salary;
}
public Address getAddress()
{
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address)
{
this.address = address;
}
}
Address.java
package com.jiangge.hblearn;
/**
* @author shijiangge
* @version 2014-7-4 上午11:05:39
*
*/
public class Address
{
private int id;
private String street;
private String city;
private String state;
private String zipcode;
public Address()
{
}
public Address(String street, String city, String state, String zipcode)
{
this.street = street;
this.city = city;
this.state = state;
this.zipcode = zipcode;
}
public int getId()
{
return id;
}
public void setId(int id)
{
this.id = id;
}
public String getStreet()
{
return street;
}
public void setStreet(String street)
{
this.street = street;
}
public String getCity()
{
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city)
{
this.city = city;
}
public String getState()
{
return state;
}
public void setState(String state)
{
this.state = state;
}
public String getZipcode()
{
return zipcode;
}
public void setZipcode(String zipcode)
{
this.zipcode = zipcode;
}
}
在MySQL中创建表：
create table EMPLOYEE ( id INT NOT NULL auto_increment, first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL, last_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL, salary INT default NULL, address INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) );
create table ADDRESS ( id INT NOT NULL auto_increment, street_name VARCHAR(40) default NULL, city_name VARCHAR(40) default NULL, state_name VARCHAR(40) default NULL, zipcode VARCHAR(10) default NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) );
三、创建对象-关系映射文件（Employee.hbm.xml）
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <!-- Hibernate Many-to-One 关联关系： 很多员工可以对应一个地址。 初级的程序员手写 Employee.hbm.xml 映射文件，而高级程序员使用XDoclet, Middlegen and AndroMDA这些技术，自动生成映射文件。 meta 标签是可选的，用来描述类。 Hibernate的主键生成策略： 【identity】采用数据库提供的主键生成机制。如DB2、SQL Server、MySQL 中的主键生成机制。 【native】由 Hibernate 根据使用的数据库自行判断采用 identity、hilo、sequence 其中一种作为主键生成方式。 --> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.jiangge.hblearn.Employee" table="EMPLOYEE"> <meta attribute="class-description"> This class contains the employee detail. </meta> <id name="id" type="int" column="id"> <generator class="native" /> </id> <property name="firstName" column="first_name" type="string" /> <property name="lastName" column="last_name" type="string" /> <property name="salary" column="salary" type="int" /> <many-to-one name="address" column="address" class="com.jiangge.hblearn.Address" not-null="true" /> </class> <class name="com.jiangge.hblearn.Address" table="ADDRESS"> <meta attribute="class-description"> This class contains the address detail. </meta> <id name="id" type="int" column="id"> <generator class="native" /> </id> <property name="street" column="street_name" type="string" /> <property name="city" column="city_name" type="string" /> <property name="state" column="state_name" type="string" /> <property name="zipcode" column="zipcode" type="string" /> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
四、通过Hibernate API编写访问数据库的代码
package test;
import java.util.*;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.jiangge.hblearn.Address;
import com.jiangge.hblearn.Employee;
/**
* 测试类：CRUD操作
* @author jiangge
*
*/
public class ManageEmployee
{
private static SessionFactory factory;
public static void main(String[] args)
{
try
{
factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
}
catch (Throwable ex)
{
System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex);
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
}
ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee();
/* Let us have one address object */
Address address = ME.addAddress("Kondapur", "Hyderabad", "AP", "532");
/* Add employee records in the database */
Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("Manoj", "Kumar", 4000, address); //("Manoj", "Kumar", 4000, address);
/* Add another employee record in the database */
Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("Dilip", "Kumar", 3000, address);//("Dilip", "Kumar", 3000, address);
/* List down all the employees */
ME.listEmployees();
/* Update employee's salary records */
ME.updateEmployee(empID1, 5000);
/* Delete an employee from the database */
ME.deleteEmployee(empID2);
/* List down all the employees */
ME.listEmployees();
}
/* Method to add an address record in the database */
public Address addAddress(String street, String city, String state, String zipcode)
{
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
Integer addressID = null;
Address address = null;
try
{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
address = new Address(street, city, state, zipcode);
addressID = (Integer) session.save(address);
tx.commit();
}
catch (HibernateException e)
{
if (tx != null)
tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally
{
session.close();
}
return address;
}
/* Method to add an employee record in the database */
public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname, int salary,
Address address)
{
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
Integer employeeID = null;
try
{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary, address);
employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee);
tx.commit();
}
catch (HibernateException e)
{
if (tx != null)
tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally
{
session.close();
}
return employeeID;
}
/* Method to list all the employees detail */
public void listEmployees()
{
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try
{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list();
for (Iterator iterator = employees.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();)
{
Employee employee = (Employee) iterator.next();
System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName());
System.out.print(" Last Name: " + employee.getLastName());
System.out.println(" Salary: " + employee.getSalary());
Address add = employee.getAddress();
System.out.println("Address ");
System.out.println("\tStreet: " + add.getStreet());
System.out.println("\tCity: " + add.getCity());
System.out.println("\tState: " + add.getState());
System.out.println("\tZipcode: " + add.getZipcode());
}
tx.commit();
}
catch (HibernateException e)
{
if (tx != null)
tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally
{
session.close();
}
}
/* Method to update salary for an employee */
public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary)
{
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try
{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee = (Employee) session.get(Employee.class,
EmployeeID);
employee.setSalary(salary);
session.update(employee);
tx.commit();
}
catch (HibernateException e)
{
if (tx != null)
tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally
{
session.close();
}
}
/* Method to delete an employee from the records */
public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID)
{
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try
{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee = (Employee) session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
session.delete(employee);
tx.commit();
}
catch (HibernateException e)
{
if (tx != null)
tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally
{
session.close();
}
}
}五、运行结果：
mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE; +----+------------+-----------+--------+---------+ | id | first_name | last_name | salary | address | +----+------------+-----------+--------+---------+ | 1 | Manoj | Kumar | 5000 | 1 | +----+------------+-----------+--------+---------+ 1 row in set mysql> select * from ADDRESS; +----+-------------+-----------+------------+---------+ | id | street_name | city_name | state_name | zipcode | +----+-------------+-----------+------------+---------+ | 1 | Kondapur | Hyderabad | AP | 532 | +----+-------------+-----------+------------+---------+ 1 row in set mysql>
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.hibernate.cfg.Environment). log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly. Hibernate: insert into ADDRESS (street_name, city_name, state_name, zipcode) values (?, ?, ?, ?) Hibernate: insert into EMPLOYEE (first_name, last_name, salary, address) values (?, ?, ?, ?) Hibernate: insert into EMPLOYEE (first_name, last_name, salary, address) values (?, ?, ?, ?) Hibernate: select employee0_.id as id0_, employee0_.first_name as first2_0_, employee0_.last_name as last3_0_, employee0_.salary as salary0_, employee0_.address as address0_ from EMPLOYEE employee0_ First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 4000 Address Hibernate: select address0_.id as id1_0_, address0_.street_name as street2_1_0_, address0_.city_name as city3_1_0_, address0_.state_name as state4_1_0_, address0_.zipcode as zipcode1_0_ from ADDRESS address0_ where address0_.id=? Street: Kondapur City: Hyderabad State: AP Zipcode: 532 First Name: Dilip Last Name: Kumar Salary: 3000 Address Street: Kondapur City: Hyderabad State: AP Zipcode: 532 Hibernate: select employee0_.id as id0_0_, employee0_.first_name as first2_0_0_, employee0_.last_name as last3_0_0_, employee0_.salary as salary0_0_, employee0_.address as address0_0_ from EMPLOYEE employee0_ where employee0_.id=? Hibernate: update EMPLOYEE set first_name=?, last_name=?, salary=?, address=? where id=? Hibernate: select employee0_.id as id0_0_, employee0_.first_name as first2_0_0_, employee0_.last_name as last3_0_0_, employee0_.salary as salary0_0_, employee0_.address as address0_0_ from EMPLOYEE employee0_ where employee0_.id=? Hibernate: delete from EMPLOYEE where id=? Hibernate: select employee0_.id as id0_, employee0_.first_name as first2_0_, employee0_.last_name as last3_0_, employee0_.salary as salary0_, employee0_.address as address0_ from EMPLOYEE employee0_ First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 5000 Address Hibernate: select address0_.id as id1_0_, address0_.street_name as street2_1_0_, address0_.city_name as city3_1_0_, address0_.state_name as state4_1_0_, address0_.zipcode as zipcode1_0_ from ADDRESS address0_ where address0_.id=? Street: Kondapur City: Hyderabad State: AP Zipcode: 532
参考文献：
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/hibernate/hibernate_many_to_one_mapping.htm
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