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在RHEL5.8下使用RHCS实现Web HA
记录使用Red Hat Cluster Suite实现高可用集群，利用web服务实验。
实现RHCS的集群，有三个前提条件：
①每个集群都有惟一集群名称；
②至少有一个fence设备；
③至少应该有三个节点；两个节点的场景中要使用qdisk （仲裁磁盘）；
实验环境介绍：
集群主机：192.168.1.6 test1； 192.168.1.7 test2 ; 192.168.1.8 test3
共享存储（NFS）：192.168.1.170
配置一个Web 的HA，资源主要有vip，共享存储，以及httpd服务;
同样的，需配置主机名称解析，时间同步，以及ssh互信；（ssh互信配置，在rhcs官网安装文档中并没有提到，反正配置也不难，配置上也无可厚非）
一、首先配置共享存储
[root@one ~]# mkdir -p /web/htdocs [root@one ~]# echo > /web/htdocs/index.html [root@one ~]# echo >> /etc/exports [root@one ~]# service nfs restart Shutting down NFS daemon: [FAILED] Shutting down NFS mountd: [FAILED] Shutting down NFS quotas: [FAILED] Starting NFS services: [ OK ] Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ] Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ] Stopping RPC idmapd: [ OK ] Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ] Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ] [root@one ~]# showmount -e 192.168.1.170 Export list 192.168.1.170: /web/htdocs 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0
二、安装httpd服务，并设置开机不自动启动
httpd服务属于集群资源，故启动、停止等都应交由集群去控制
[root@test1 ~]# ha ssh test$i ;done [root@test1 ~]# ha ssh test$i ;done
三、配置RHCS
⒈安装RHCS群集，基础软件
配置yum
[root@test1 ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/aeon.repo [Server] name=Server baseurl=file: enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey= [Cluster] name=Cluster baseurl=file: enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey= [ClusterStorage] name=ClusterStorage baseurl=file: enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey= [VT] name=VT baseurl=file: enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey= [root@testrac1 ~]# [root@testrac1 /]# cd media/ [root@testrac1 media]# mount -o loop RHEL_5.5_X86_64.iso /redhat
安装rhcs集群软件，cman、rgmanager、system-config-cluster
cman rhcs的通讯基础，Cluster Infrastructure
rgmanager rhcs的资源管理器，CRM
system-config-cluster rhcs GUI配置工具
[root@test1 ~]# alias ha= [root@test1 ~]# ha ssh test$i ;done The authenticity of host cantest1s password: Loaded plugins: katello, product-id, security, subscription-manager Updating certificate-based repositories. Unable to read consumer identity Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package cman.x86_64 0:2.0.115-96.el5 set to be updated --> Processing Dependency: perl(XML::LibXML) package: cman --> Processing Dependency: libSaCkpt.so.2(OPENAIS_CKPT_B.01.01)(64bit) package: cman --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Telnet) package: cman --> Processing Dependency: python-pycurl package: cman --> Processing Dependency: pexpect package: cman --> Processing Dependency: openais package: cman --> Processing Dependency: python-suds package: cman --> Processing Dependency: libcpg.so.2(OPENAIS_CPG_1.0)(64bit) package: cman --> Processing Dependency: libSaCkpt.so.2()(64bit) package: cman --> Processing Dependency: libcpg.so.2()(64bit) package: cman ---> Package rgmanager.x86_64 0:2.0.52-28.el5 set to be updated ---> Package system-config-cluster.noarch 0:1.0.57-12 set to be updated --> Running transaction check ---> Package openais.x86_64 0:0.80.6-36.el5 set to be updated ---> Package perl-Net-Telnet.noarch 0:3.03-5 set to be updated ---> Package perl-XML-LibXML.x86_64 0:1.58-6 set to be updated --> Processing Dependency: perl-XML-NamespaceSupport package: perl-XML-LibXML --> Processing Dependency: perl(XML::SAX::Exception) package: perl-XML-LibXML --> Processing Dependency: perl(XML::LibXML::Common) package: perl-XML-LibXML --> Processing Dependency: perl-XML-SAX package: perl-XML-LibXML --> Processing Dependency: perl-XML-LibXML-Common package: perl-XML-LibXML --> Processing Dependency: perl(XML::SAX::DocumentLocator) package: perl-XML-LibXML --> Processing Dependency: perl(XML::SAX::Base) package: perl-XML-LibXML --> Processing Dependency: perl(XML::NamespaceSupport) package: perl-XML-LibXML ---> Package pexpect.noarch 0:2.3-3.el5 set to be updated ---> Package python-pycurl.x86_64 0:7.15.5.1-8.el5 set to be updated ---> Package python-suds.noarch 0:0.4.1-2.el5 set to be updated --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-XML-LibXML-Common.x86_64 0:0.13-8.2.2 set to be updated ---> Package perl-XML-NamespaceSupport.noarch 0:1.09-1.2.1 set to be updated ---> Package perl-XML-SAX.noarch 0:0.14-11 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: cman x86_64 2.0.115-96.el5 Server 766 k rgmanager x86_64 2.0.52-28.el5 Cluster 346 k system-config-cluster noarch 1.0.57-12 Cluster 325 k Installing dependencies: openais x86_64 0.80.6-36.el5 Server 409 k perl-Net-Telnet noarch 3.03-5 Server 56 k perl-XML-LibXML x86_64 1.58-6 Server 229 k perl-XML-LibXML-Common x86_64 0.13-8.2.2 Server 16 k perl-XML-NamespaceSupport noarch 1.09-1.2.1 Server 15 k perl-XML-SAX noarch 0.14-11 Server 77 k pexpect noarch 2.3-3.el5 Server 214 k python-pycurl x86_64 7.15.5.1-8.el5 Server 73 k python-suds noarch 0.4.1-2.el5 Server 251 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 12 Package(s) Upgrade 0 Package(s) Total download size: 2.7 M Downloading Packages: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 188 MB/s | 2.7 MB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : perl-XML-LibXML-Common 1/12 Installing : python-pycurl 2/12 Installing : openais 3/12 Installing : perl-XML-NamespaceSupport 4/12 Installing : perl-XML-SAX 5/12 Installing : perl-XML-LibXML 6/12 Installing : python-suds 7/12 Installing : pexpect 8/12 Installing : perl-Net-Telnet 9/12 Installing : cman 10/12 Installing : system-config-cluster 11/12 Installing : rgmanager 12/12 Installed products updated. Installed: cman.x86_64 0:2.0.115-96.el5 rgmanager.x86_64 0:2.0.52-28.el5 system-config-cluster.noarch 0:1.0.57-12 Dependency Installed: openais.x86_64 0:0.80.6-36.el5 perl-Net-Telnet.noarch 0:3.03-5 perl-XML-LibXML.x86_64 0:1.58-6 perl-XML-LibXML-Common.x86_64 0:0.13-8.2.2 perl-XML-NamespaceSupport.noarch 0:1.09-1.2.1 perl-XML-SAX.noarch 0:0.14-11 pexpect.noarch 0:2.3-3.el5 python-pycurl.x86_64 0:7.15.5.1-8.el5 python-suds.noarch 0:0.4.1-2.el5 Complete!
⒉配置RHCS
运行system-config-cluster配置集群资源
图形GUI，提示没有/etc/cluster/cluster.conf，选择create new configuration
⑴输入唯一集群
此处可定义多播地址，不定义会自动分配，以及定义qdisk，由于实验使用的是三台节点，不管集群如何分裂，votes票数都有效。
⑵添加集群节点
输入节点的主机名，以及节点拥有的法定票数
⑶添加fance设备
此处将fance设备定义为手动，手动开关机，俗称的“肉键”；
⑷保存配置文件
⑸查看配置文件
以上操作都在test1上操作的，故此刻只有test1上，存在cluster.conf集群配置文件
只有等集群服务启动后，ccs才会自动同步配置文件至其他节点。
[root@test1 ~]# cat /etc/cluster/cluster.conf <?xml version= ?> <cluster alias= config_version= name=> <fence_daemon post_fail_delay= post_join_delay=/> <clusternodes> <clusternode name= nodeid= votes=> <fence/> </clusternode> <clusternode name= nodeid= votes=> <fence/> </clusternode> <clusternode name= nodeid= votes=> <fence/> </clusternode> </clusternodes> <cman/> <fencedevices> <fencedevice agent= name=/> </fencedevices> <rm> <failoverdomains/> <resources/> </rm> </cluster> You have mail /var/spool/mail/root
⑹启动服务
在test1上启动服务，一直卡在”starting fencing … done”
这是由于，集群配置文件中定义了三个节点，而其它二个节点没有启动集群服务，故一致等待。
三个节点，同时启动cman服务。
[root@test1 ~]# service cman start Starting cluster: Loading modules... done Mounting configfs... done Starting ccsd... done Starting cman... done Starting daemons... done Starting fencing... done [ OK ] [root@test2 ~]# service cman start Starting cluster: Loading modules... done Mounting configfs... done Starting ccsd... done Starting cman... done Starting daemons... done Starting fencing... done [ OK ] [root@test3 ~]# service cman start Starting cluster: Loading modules... done Mounting configfs... done Starting ccsd... done Starting cman... done Starting daemons... done Starting fencing... done [ OK ]
启动rgmanager
[root@test1 ~]# ha ssh test$i ;done Starting Cluster Service Manager: [ OK ] Starting Cluster Service Manager: [ OK ] Starting Cluster Service Manager: [ OK ] [root@test1 ~]#ha ssh test$i ;done
[root@test1 ~]# ha ssh test$i ;done Warning: Permanently added the RSA host key IP address to the list of known hosts. total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 568 Jun 16 02:31 cluster.conf total 4 -rw-r----- 1 root root 567 Jun 16 02:34 cluster.conf total 4 -rw-r----- 1 root root 567 Jun 16 02:34 cluster.conf
查看集群服务启动情况
可看出ccsd监听本机的50006端口，不仅有tcp，更有udp的。
[root@test1 ~]# netstat -tnlp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2208 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3108/./hpiod tcp 0 0 192.168.1.6:21064 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:943 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2881/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2845/portmap tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:50006 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 18170/ccsd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3128/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3139/cupsd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50008 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 18170/ccsd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3174/sendmail tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3794/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2207 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3113/python [root@test1 ~]# netstat -tunlp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2208 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3108/./hpiod tcp 0 0 192.168.1.6:21064 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:943 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2881/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2845/portmap tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:50006 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 18170/ccsd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3128/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3139/cupsd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50008 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 18170/ccsd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3174/sendmail tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3794/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2207 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3113/python udp 0 0 192.168.1.6:5405 0.0.0.0:* 18208/aisexec udp 0 0 192.168.1.6:5149 0.0.0.0:* 18208/aisexec udp 0 0 239.192.110.162:5405 0.0.0.0:* 18208/aisexec udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:937 0.0.0.0:* 2881/rpc.statd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:940 0.0.0.0:* 2881/rpc.statd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:46399 0.0.0.0:* 3293/avahi-daemon udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50007 0.0.0.0:* 18170/ccsd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 3293/avahi-daemon udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 2845/portmap udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:631 0.0.0.0:* 3139/cups
查看集群状态信息
[root@test1 ~]# cman_tool status Version: 6.2.0 Config Version: 2 Cluster Name: tcluster Cluster Id: 28212 Cluster Member: Yes Cluster Generation: 12 Membership state: Cluster-Member Nodes: 3 Expected votes: 3 Total votes: 3 Node votes: 1 Quorum: 2 Active subsystems: 8 Flags: Dirty Ports Bound: 0 177 Node name: test1 Node ID: 1 Multicast addresses: 239.192.110.162 Node addresses: 192.168.1.6 [root@test1 ~]# clustat Cluster Status tcluster @ Mon Jun 16 02:40:08 2014 Member Status: Quorate Member Name ID Status ------ ---- ---- ------ test1 1 Online, Local test2 2 Online test3 3 Online
三、添加资源
⑴定义Services Name
⑵选择为这个services创建resource
⑶添加vip
⑷添加web服务启动脚本
在rhcs集群中，所有的lsb类型的ra，都是scripts
⑸添加共享存储
⑹Service 资源预览
留意旁边，可设置故障转移域
⑺将资源配置信息，同步至其他节点
查看集群，以及资源状态
[root@test1 ~]# clustat Cluster Status tcluster @ Mon Jun 16 04:26:11 2014 Member Status: Quorate Member Name ID Status ------ ---- ---- ------ test1 1 Online, Local, rgmanager test2 2 Online, rgmanager test3 3 Online, rgmanager Service Name Owner (Last) State ------- ---- ----- ------ ----- service:webcluster test1 started
显示资源位于test1主机上，
到test1主机上，检查下资源是否存在，
虚拟IP
httpd，80端口监听
共享存储
客户端访问web测试
迁移资源到test2上，客户端继续访问
[root@test1 ~]# clusvcadm -r webcluster -m test2 Trying to relocate service:webcluster to test2...Success service:webcluster now running on test2 [root@test1 ~]# clustat Cluster Status tcluster @ Mon Jun 16 04:34:56 2014 Member Status: Quorate Member Name ID Status ------ ---- ---- ------ test1 1 Online, Local, rgmanager test2 2 Online, rgmanager test3 3 Online, rgmanager Service Name Owner (Last) State ------- ---- ----- ------ ----- service:webcluster test2 started
web ha 集群搭建完成。
四、RHCS命令行配置工具
rhcs不仅提供了gui界面配置集群，更提供了命令行工具，现在把所有的配置全都清空，利用命令行配置集群
[root@test1 ~]# ha ssh test$i ;done rgmanaget: unrecognized service rgmanaget: unrecognized service rgmanaget: unrecognized service [root@test1 ~]# ha ssh test$i ;done Shutting down Cluster Service Manager... Services are stopped. Cluster Service Manager stopped. Shutting down Cluster Service Manager... Waiting services to stop: [ OK ] Cluster Service Manager stopped. Shutting down Cluster Service Manager... Waiting services to stop: [ OK ] Cluster Service Manager stopped. [root@test1 ~]# ha ssh test$i ;done Stopping cluster: Stopping fencing... done Stopping cman... done Stopping ccsd... done Unmounting configfs... done [ OK ] Stopping cluster: Stopping fencing... done Stopping cman... done Stopping ccsd... done Unmounting configfs... done [ OK ] Stopping cluster: Stopping fencing... done Stopping cman... done Stopping ccsd... done Unmounting configfs... done [ OK ] [root@test1 ~]# ha ssh test$i ;done
⒈首先需要配置集群集群名称
[root@test1 ~]# ccs_tool create tcluster [root@test1 ~]# cat /etc/cluster/cluster.conf <?xml version=?> <cluster name= config_version=> <clusternodes/> <fencedevices/> <rm> <failoverdomains/> <resources/> </rm> </cluster>
⒉配置fence设备
[root@test1 ~]# fence fence_ack_manual fence_cisco_mds fence_ifmib fence_mcdata fence_sanbox2 fence_vmware fence_apc fence_cisco_ucs fence_ilo fence_node fence_scsi fence_vmware_helper fence_apc_snmp fenced fence_ilo_mp fence_rhevm fence_scsi_test fence_vmware_soap fence_bladecenter fence_drac fence_ipmilan fence_rps10 fence_tool fence_wti fence_brocade fence_drac5 fence_lpar fence_rsa fence_virsh fence_xvm fence_bullpap fence_egenera fence_manual fence_rsb fence_vixel fence_xvmd [root@test1 ~]# ccs_tool addfence Usage: ccs_tool addfence [options] <name> <agent> [param=] -c --configfile Name of configuration file (/etc/cluster/cluster.conf) -o --outputfile Name of output file (defaults to same --configfile) -C --no_ccs Don‘t tell CCSD about change : run file updated place) -F --force_ccs Force even input & output files differ -h --help Display help text [root@test1 ~]# ccs_tool addfence metaware fence_manual running ccs_tool update... [root@test1 ~]# ccs_tool lsfence Name Agent metaware fence_manual
⒊添加节点信息
[root@test1 ~]# ccs_tool addnode Usage: ccs_tool addnode [options] <nodename> [<fencearg>=<>]... -n --nodeid Nodeid (required) -v --votes Number of votes node ( 1) -a --altname Alternative name/ multihomed hosts -f --fence_type Type of fencing to use -c --configfile Name of configuration file (/etc/cluster/cluster.conf) -o --outputfile Name of output file (defaults to same --configfile) -C --no_ccs Don‘t tell CCSD about change : run file updated place) -F --force_ccs Force even input & output files differ -h --help Display help text Examples: Add a node to configuration file: ccs_tool addnode -n 1 -f manual ipaddr=newnode Add a node and dump config file to stdout rather than save it ccs_tool addnode -n 2 -f apc -o- newnode.temp.net port=1 [root@test1 ~]# ccs_tool addnode -n 1 -v 1 -f metaware test1 running ccs_tool update... Segmentation fault [root@test1 ~]# ccs_tool addnode -n 2 -v 1 -f metaware test2 running ccs_tool update... Segmentation fault [root@test1 ~]# ccs_tool addnode -n 3 -v 1 -f metaware test3 running ccs_tool update... Segmentation fault [root@test1 ~]# cat /etc/cluster/cluster.conf <?xml version=?> <cluster name= config_version=> <clusternodes><clusternode name= votes= nodeid=><fence><method name=><device name=/></method></fence></clusternode><clusternode name= votes= nodeid=><fence><method name=><device name=/></method></fence></clusternode><clusternode name= votes= nodeid=><fence><method name=><device name=/></method></fence></clusternode></clusternodes> <fencedevices><fencedevice name= agent=/></fencedevices> <rm> <failoverdomains/> <resources/> </rm> </cluster> [root@test1 ~]# ccs_tool lsnode Cluster name: tcluster, config_version: 5 Nodename Votes Nodeid Fencetype test1 1 1 metaware test2 1 2 metaware test3 1 3 metaware
⒋启动集群
[root@test3 ~]# service cman start Starting cluster: Loading modules... done Mounting configfs... done Starting ccsd... done Starting cman... done Starting daemons... done Starting fencing... done [ OK ]
⒌启动rgmanager
[root@test1 ~]# service rgmanager start Starting Cluster Service Manager: [ OK ]
⒍集群启动后，就可以配置资源了
/etc/cluster/cluster.conf是xml格式的文件，RHCS并没有提供工具去编辑/etc/cluster/cluster.conf，
而/etc/cluster/cluster.conf是xml格式的文件，可以使用vim之间编辑，从而添加资源。
RHCS还支持一种图形界面配置方式：luci/ricci；后续在研究。
本文出自 “小风” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://renfeng.blog.51cto.com/7280443/1426725
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