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mysql set names.
SET NAMES utf8
相当于
SET character_set_client = utf8 --用来设置客户端送给MySQL服务器的数据的 字符集 SET character_set_results = utf8 --服务器返回查询结果时使用的字符集 SET character_set_connection = utf8
MySQL 服务器 把客户端传来的数据,从character_set_client字符集转换成character_set_connection字符集
比如我们可以设置
SET character_set_client = gbk SET character_set_results = gbk --而 SET character_set_connection = utf8
这样数据在 MySQL内部的存储表示 为 utf8 字符集,而 与 客户端交互时,使用gbk字符集合
ref: 谈谈MySQL乱码和set names
我个人觉得,由于本地机为gbk编码,所以,即使创建数据库时的编码是utf8,当我们录入数据时,仍然需要告诉mysql,本地机器编码为gbk.
为了不至于每次录入数据库都输入命令 ‘set names gbk‘.我们可以再 mysql的安装目录中(我的安装目录为C盘),C:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5下的 ‘my,ini‘文件下,[client]附近处的 ‘default-character-set=utf8‘ 改为 ‘default-character-set=gbk‘即可.如,我的原始 my.ini为:
1 # MySQL Server Instance Configuration File 2 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 # Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard 4 # 5 # 6 # Installation Instructions 7 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 # 9 # On Linux you can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options, 10 # mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options 11 # (@localstatedir@ for this installation) or to 12 # ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options. 13 # 14 # On Windows you should keep this file in the installation directory 15 # of your server (e.g. C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y). To 16 # make sure the server reads the config file use the startup option 17 # "--defaults-file". 18 # 19 # To run run the server from the command line, execute this in a 20 # command line shell, e.g. 21 # mysqld --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini" 22 # 23 # To install the server as a Windows service manually, execute this in a 24 # command line shell, e.g. 25 # mysqld --install MySQLXY --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini" 26 # 27 # And then execute this in a command line shell to start the server, e.g. 28 # net start MySQLXY 29 # 30 # 31 # Guildlines for editing this file 32 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 # 34 # In this file, you can use all long options that the program supports. 35 # If you want to know the options a program supports, start the program 36 # with the "--help" option. 37 # 38 # More detailed information about the individual options can also be 39 # found in the manual. 40 # 41 # 42 # CLIENT SECTION 43 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 # 45 # The following options will be read by MySQL client applications. 46 # Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed 47 # to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to 48 # honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the 49 # MySQL client library initialization. 50 # 51 [client] 52 53 port=3306 54 55 [mysql] 56 57 default-character-set=utf8 58 59 60 # SERVER SECTION 61 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 62 # 63 # The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that 64 # you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this 65 # file. 66 # 67 [mysqld] 68 69 # The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on 70 port=3306 71 72 73 #Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this. 74 basedir="C:/Program Files (x86)/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.5/" 75 76 #Path to the database root 77 datadir="C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.5/Data/" 78 79 # The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is 80 # created and no character set is defined 81 character-set-server=utf8 82 83 # The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when 84 default-storage-engine=INNODB 85 86 # Set the SQL mode to strict 87 sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION" 88 89 # The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will 90 # allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with 91 # SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the 92 # connection limit has been reached. 93 max_connections=100 94 95 # Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them 96 # without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query 97 # cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your 98 # have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the 99 # "Qcache_lowmem_prunes" status variable to check if the current value 100 # is high enough for your load. 101 # Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are 102 # textually different every time, the query cache may result in a 103 # slowdown instead of a performance improvement. 104 query_cache_size=0 105 106 # The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value 107 # increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires. 108 # Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files 109 # allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in 110 # section [mysqld_safe] 111 table_cache=256 112 113 # Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table 114 # grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk 115 # based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many 116 # of them. 117 tmp_table_size=35M 118 119 120 # How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client 121 # disconnects, the client‘s threads are put in the cache if there aren‘t 122 # more than thread_cache_size threads from before. This greatly reduces 123 # the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new 124 # connections. (Normally this doesn‘t give a notable performance 125 # improvement if you have a good thread implementation.) 126 thread_cache_size=8 127 128 #*** MyISAM Specific options 129 130 # The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while 131 # recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE. 132 # If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created 133 # through the key cache (which is slower). 134 myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G 135 136 # If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger 137 # than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the 138 # key cache method. This is mainly used to force long character keys in 139 # large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index. 140 myisam_sort_buffer_size=69M 141 142 # Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables. 143 # Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory 144 # is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you‘re not using 145 # MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be 146 # used for internal temporary disk tables. 147 key_buffer_size=55M 148 149 # Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables. 150 # Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed. 151 read_buffer_size=64K 152 read_rnd_buffer_size=256K 153 154 # This buffer is allocated when MySQL needs to rebuild the index in 155 # REPAIR, OPTIMZE, ALTER table statements as well as in LOAD DATA INFILE 156 # into an empty table. It is allocated per thread so be careful with 157 # large settings. 158 sort_buffer_size=256K 159 160 161 #*** INNODB Specific options *** 162 innodb_data_home_dir="D:/MySQL Datafiles/" 163 164 # Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled 165 # but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space 166 # and speed up some things. 167 #skip-innodb 168 169 # Additional memory pool that is used by InnoDB to store metadata 170 # information. If InnoDB requires more memory for this purpose it will 171 # start to allocate it from the OS. As this is fast enough on most 172 # recent operating systems, you normally do not need to change this 173 # value. SHOW INNODB STATUS will display the current amount used. 174 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=3M 175 176 # If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the 177 # disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are 178 # willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small 179 # transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the 180 # logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and 181 # the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2 182 # means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log 183 # file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second. 184 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 185 186 # The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as 187 # it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed 188 # once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large 189 # (even with long transactions). 190 innodb_log_buffer_size=2M 191 192 # InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and 193 # row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to 194 # access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this 195 # parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it 196 # too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may 197 # cause paging in the operating system. Note that on 32bit systems you 198 # might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not 199 # set it too high. 200 innodb_buffer_pool_size=107M 201 202 # Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size 203 # of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid 204 # unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However, 205 # note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the 206 # recovery process. 207 innodb_log_file_size=54M 208 209 # Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value 210 # depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS 211 # scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing. 212 innodb_thread_concurrency=8
修改第 57行的 ‘default-character-set=utf8‘为 ‘default-character-set=gbk‘即可.重启服务后,即可.
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