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protobuf-net

  protobuf是google的一个开源项目,可用于以下两种用途:

  (1)数据的存储(序列化和反序列化),类似于xml、json等;

  (2)制作网络通信协议。

  开源项目地址如下:https://code.google.com/p/protobuf-net/,下载解压后的目录如下所示,每个文件夹的详细介绍都在最后一个txt文件里面了。

  

  ProtoGen是用来根据***.proto文件生成对应的***.cs文件的,而做数据存储功能只需要用到protobuf-net.dll即可,至于使用哪个版本项目情况决定。下面的例子在Windows平台下新建一个C#的控制台工程,并引入ProtoBufNet\Full\net30\protobuf-net.dll,代码如下所示:

namespace TestProtoBuf{    [ProtoContract]    public class Address    {        [ProtoMember(1)]        public string Line1;        [ProtoMember(2)]        public string Line2;    }    [ProtoContract]    public class Person    {        [ProtoMember(1)]        public int Id;        [ProtoMember(2)]        public string Name;        [ProtoMember(3)]        public Address Addr;    }    class Program    {        static void Main(string[] args)        {            Person person = new Person();            person.Id = 1;            person.Name = "First";            person.Addr = new Address { Line1="line1", Line2="line2"};            // ProtoBuf序列化            using(var file = System.IO.File.Create("Person.bin"))            {                ProtoBuf.Serializer.Serialize(file, person);            }            // ProtoBuf反序列化            Person binPerson = null;            using(var file = System.IO.File.OpenRead("Person.bin"))            {                binPerson = ProtoBuf.Serializer.Deserialize<Person>(file);            }            System.Console.WriteLine(binPerson.Name);        }    }}

  可以看到序列化和反序列化的代码非常简单。

  protobuf提供了一种proto脚本用来编写***.proto文件,这种脚本格式简单、可读性强、方便扩展,用proto脚本定义网络协议是非常好用的。

  下面是一个proto脚本的简单例子:

message Person {    required string name=1;    required int32 id=2;    optional string email=3;    enum PhoneType {        MOBILE=0;        HOME=1;        WORK=2;    }    message PhoneNumber {        required string number=1;        optional PhoneType type=2 [default=HOME];    }    repeated PhoneNumber phone=4;}

  requied是必须有的字段、optional是可有可无的字段、repeated是可以重复的字段(数组或列表),同时枚举字段都必须给出默认值。

  接下来就可以使用ProgoGen来根据proto脚本生成源代码cs文件了,命令行如下:

  protogen -i:test.proto -0:test.cs -ns:MyProtoBuf

  -i指定了输入,-o指定了输出,-ns指定了生成代码的namespace,上面的proto脚本生成的源码如下:

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------// <auto-generated>//     This code was generated by a tool.////     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if//     the code is regenerated.// </auto-generated>//------------------------------------------------------------------------------// Generated from: file/pb.protonamespace MyProtoBuf{  [global::System.Serializable, global::ProtoBuf.ProtoContract(Name=@"Person")]  public partial class Person : global::ProtoBuf.IExtensible  {    public Person() {}        private string _name;    [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(1, IsRequired = true, Name=@"name", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.Default)]    public string name    {      get { return _name; }      set { _name = value; }    }    private int _id;    [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(2, IsRequired = true, Name=@"id", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.TwosComplement)]    public int id    {      get { return _id; }      set { _id = value; }    }    private string _email = "";    [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(3, IsRequired = false, Name=@"email", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.Default)]    [global::System.ComponentModel.DefaultValue("")]    public string email    {      get { return _email; }      set { _email = value; }    }    private readonly global::System.Collections.Generic.List<Person.PhoneNumber> _phone = new global::System.Collections.Generic.List<Person.PhoneNumber>();    [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(4, Name=@"phone", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.Default)]    public global::System.Collections.Generic.List<Person.PhoneNumber> phone    {      get { return _phone; }    }    [global::System.Serializable, global::ProtoBuf.ProtoContract(Name=@"PhoneNumber")]  public partial class PhoneNumber : global::ProtoBuf.IExtensible  {    public PhoneNumber() {}        private string _number;    [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(1, IsRequired = true, Name=@"number", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.Default)]    public string number    {      get { return _number; }      set { _number = value; }    }    private Person.PhoneType _type = Person.PhoneType.HOME;    [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(2, IsRequired = false, Name=@"type", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.TwosComplement)]    [global::System.ComponentModel.DefaultValue(Person.PhoneType.HOME)]    public Person.PhoneType type    {      get { return _type; }      set { _type = value; }    }    private global::ProtoBuf.IExtension extensionObject;    global::ProtoBuf.IExtension global::ProtoBuf.IExtensible.GetExtensionObject(bool createIfMissing)      { return global::ProtoBuf.Extensible.GetExtensionObject(ref extensionObject, createIfMissing); }  }      [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoContract(Name=@"PhoneType")]    public enum PhoneType    {                  [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoEnum(Name=@"MOBILE", Value=http://www.mamicode.com/0)]      MOBILE = 0,                  [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoEnum(Name=@"HOME", Value=http://www.mamicode.com/1)]      HOME = 1,                  [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoEnum(Name=@"WORK", Value=http://www.mamicode.com/2)]      WORK = 2    }      private global::ProtoBuf.IExtension extensionObject;    global::ProtoBuf.IExtension global::ProtoBuf.IExtensible.GetExtensionObject(bool createIfMissing)      { return global::ProtoBuf.Extensible.GetExtensionObject(ref extensionObject, createIfMissing); }  }  }

  to be continue...

protobuf-net