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Django处理文件上传File Uploads

HttpRequest.FILES

表单上传的文件对象存储在类字典对象request.FILES中,表单格式需为multipart/form-data

<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="/foo/"><input type="file" name="image" />

request.FILES中的键来自于表单中的<input type="file" name="" />的name值:

img=request.FILES[‘image‘]

request.FILES中的值均为UploadedFile类文件对象。

UploadedFile

UploadedFile是类文件对象,具有以下方法和属性:

UploadedFile.read()

读取整个上传文件的数据,文件较大时慎用。

UploadedFile.multiple_chunks(chunk_size=None)

判断文件是否足够大,一般为2.5M

UploadedFile.chunks(chunk_size=None)

返回一个生成器对象,当multiple_chunks()为True时应该使用这个方法来代替read().

UploadedFile.name

上传文件的name。

UploadedFile.size

上传文件的大小。

UploadedFile.content_type

上传文件时的content_type报头,例如(e.g. text/plain or application/pdf). 

UpladedFile.charset

编码

存储文件

想将上传的文件存储在本地时:

f=request.FILES[‘image‘]with open(‘some/file/name.txt‘, ‘wb+‘) as destination:    for chunk in f.chunks():        destination.write(chunk)

使用Form处理上传文件

也可以使用django自带的form来处理上传文件。

先创建带FileFiled或者ImageFiled的Form:

# In forms.py...from django import formsclass UploadFileForm(forms.Form):    title = forms.CharField(max_length=50)    file = forms.FileField()

用Form处理:

>>> f =UploadFileFormt(request.POST, request.FILES)

view函数:

from django.http import HttpResponseRedirectfrom django.shortcuts import render_to_responsefrom .forms import UploadFileFormdef handle_uploaded_file(f):    with open(‘some/file/name.txt‘, ‘wb+‘) as destination:        for chunk in f.chunks():            destination.write(chunk)def upload_file(request):    if request.method == ‘POST‘:        form = UploadFileForm(request.POST, request.FILES)        if form.is_valid():            handle_uploaded_file(request.FILES[‘file‘])            return HttpResponseRedirect(‘/success/url/‘)    else:        form = UploadFileForm()    return render_to_response(‘upload.html‘, {‘form‘: form})

使用Model处理上传文件

如果创建了一个带FileField或者ImageField域的Model,需要将上传文件存储到Model的FileFIeld域。

比如,使用nicEdit文本编辑器时,需要存储上传的文件,建立Model:

from django.db import modelsclass NicEditImage(models.Model):    image = models.ImageField(upload_to=‘nicedit/%Y/%m/%d‘)

创建ModelForm:

from django import formsclass NicEditImageForm(forms.ModelForm):    class Meta:        model = NicEditImage

view:

def upload(request):    if not request.user.is_authenticated():        json = simplejson.dumps({            ‘success‘: False,            ‘errors‘: {‘__all__‘: ‘Authentication required‘}})        return HttpResponse(json, mimetype=‘application/json‘)    form = NicEditImageForm(request.POST or None, request.FILES or None)    if form.is_valid():        image = form.save()    #保存Form和Model        json = simplejson.dumps({            ‘success‘: True,            ‘upload‘: {                ‘links‘: {                    ‘original‘: image.image.url},                ‘image‘: {                    ‘width‘: image.image.width,                    ‘height‘: image.image.height}            }        })    else:        json = simplejson.dumps({            ‘success‘: False, ‘errors‘: form.errors})    return HttpResponse(json, mimetype=‘application/json‘)

当然也可以手动存储文件到Model的文件域:

from django.http import HttpResponseRedirectfrom django.shortcuts import renderfrom .forms import UploadFileFormfrom .models import ModelWithFileFielddef upload_file(request):    if request.method == ‘POST‘:        form = UploadFileForm(request.POST, request.FILES)        if form.is_valid():            instance = ModelWithFileField(file_field=request.FILES[‘file‘])   #保存文件到FileField域            instance.save()            return HttpResponseRedirect(‘/success/url/‘)    else:        form = UploadFileForm()    return render(request, ‘upload.html‘, {‘form‘: form})

不使用Form处理

想获得更大自由度时,可以全手动处理。

from django.db import modelsclass Car(models.Model):    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)    photo = models.ImageField(upload_to=‘cars‘)

Model的FileField有以下属性:

>>> car = Car.objects.get(name="57 Chevy")>>> car.photo<ImageFieldFile: chevy.jpg>>>> car.photo.nameu‘cars/chevy.jpg‘>>> car.photo.pathu‘/media/cars/chevy.jpg‘>>> car.photo.urlu‘http://media.example.com/cars/chevy.jpg‘

Model的FileField是一个File对象,除了具有File对象的各种方法外,还有一个额外的save()方法:

FieldFile.save(name, content, save=True)

 name为存储名字,content为File或者File子类的实例

>>> car.photo.save(‘myphoto.jpg‘, content, save=False)>>> car.save()

类似于

>>> car.photo.save(‘myphoto.jpg‘, content, save=True)

手动存储:

from django.core.files.base import ContentFilephoto=request.FILES.get(‘photo‘,‘‘)if photo:       file_content = ContentFile(photo.read())   #创建File对象    car.photo.save(photo.name, file_content)   #保存文件到car的photo域    car.save()

  

  

 

 

 

 

Django处理文件上传File Uploads