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javaweb学习总结(四十三)——Filter高级开发
在filter中可以得到代表用户请求和响应的request、response对象,因此在编程中可以使用Decorator(装饰器)模式对request、response对象进行包装,再把包装对象传给目标资源,从而实现一些特殊需求。
一、Decorator设计模式
1.1、Decorator设计模式介绍
当某个对象的方法不适应业务需求时,通常有2种方式可以对方法进行增强:
- 编写子类,覆盖需增强的方法。
- 使用Decorator设计模式对方法进行增强。
在阎宏博士的《JAVA与模式》一书中开头是这样描述装饰(Decorator)模式的:装饰模式又名包装(Wrapper)模式。装饰模式以对客户端透明的方式扩展对象的功能,是继承关系的一个替代方案。装饰模式是在不必改变原类文件和使用继承的情况下,动态的扩展一个对象的功能。它是通过创建一个包装对象,也就是装饰来包裹真实的对象。
那么在实际应用中遇到需增强对象的方法时,到底选用哪种方式比较好呢?这个没有具体的定式,只能是根据具体的需求来采用具体的方式,不过有一种情况下,必须使用Decorator设计模式:即被增强的对象,开发人员只能得到它的对象,无法得到它的class文件。比如request、response对象,开发人员之所以在servlet中能通过sun公司定义的HttpServletRequest\response接口去操作这些对象,是因为Tomcat服务器厂商编写了request、response接口的实现类。web服务器在调用servlet时,会用这些接口的实现类创建出对象,然后传递给servlet程序。此种情况下,由于开发人员根本不知道服务器厂商编写的request、response接口的实现类是哪个?在程序中只能拿到服务器厂商提供的对象,因此就只能采用Decorator设计模式对这些对象进行增强。
1.2、Decorator设计模式的实现
1.首先看需要被增强对象继承了什么接口或父类,编写一个类也去继承这些接口或父类。
2.在类中定义一个变量,变量类型即需增强对象的类型。
3.在类中定义一个构造函数,接收需增强的对象。
4.覆盖需增强的方法,编写增强的代码。
二、使用Decorator设计模式增强request对象
Servlet API 中提供了一个request对象的Decorator设计模式的默认实现类HttpServletRequestWrapper,HttpServletRequestWrapper 类实现了request 接口中的所有方法,但这些方法的内部实现都是仅仅调用了一下所包装的的 request 对象的对应方法,以避免用户在对request对象进行增强时需要实现request接口中的所有方法。
2.1、使用Decorator模式包装request对象解决get和post请求方式下的中文乱码问题
编写一个用于处理中文乱码的过滤器CharacterEncodingFilter,代码如下:
1 package me.gacl.web.filter; 2 3 import java.io.IOException; 4 5 import javax.servlet.Filter; 6 import javax.servlet.FilterChain; 7 import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; 8 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 9 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; 10 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; 11 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 12 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper; 13 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 14 15 /** 16 * @ClassName: CharacterEncodingFilter 17 * @Description: 此过滤器用来解决解决get、post请求方式下的中文乱码问题 18 * @author: 孤傲苍狼 19 * @date: 2014-8-31 下午11:09:37 20 * 21 */ 22 public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter { 23 24 private FilterConfig filterConfig = null; 25 //设置默认的字符编码 26 private String defaultCharset = "UTF-8"; 27 28 public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, 29 FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { 30 31 HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; 32 HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp; 33 //得到在web.xml中配置的字符编码 34 String charset = filterConfig.getInitParameter("charset"); 35 if(charset==null){ 36 charset = defaultCharset; 37 } 38 request.setCharacterEncoding(charset); 39 response.setCharacterEncoding(charset); 40 response.setContentType("text/html;charset="+charset); 41 42 MyCharacterEncodingRequest requestWrapper = new MyCharacterEncodingRequest(request); 43 chain.doFilter(requestWrapper, response); 44 } 45 46 public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { 47 //得到过滤器的初始化配置信息 48 this.filterConfig = filterConfig; 49 } 50 51 public void destroy() { 52 53 } 54 } 55 56 /** 57 * @ClassName: MyCharacterEncodingRequest 58 * @Description: Servlet API中提供了一个request对象的Decorator设计模式的默认实现类HttpServletRequestWrapper, 59 * (HttpServletRequestWrapper类实现了request接口中的所有方法,但这些方法的内部实现都是仅仅调用了一下所包装的的 request对象的对应方法) 60 * 以避免用户在对request对象进行增强时需要实现request接口中的所有方法。 61 * 所以当需要增强request对象时,只需要写一个类继承HttpServletRequestWrapper类,然后在重写需要增强的方法即可 62 * @author: 孤傲苍狼 63 * @date: 2014-9-2 下午10:42:57 64 * 1.实现与被增强对象相同的接口 65 2、定义一个变量记住被增强对象 66 3、定义一个构造函数,接收被增强对象 67 4、覆盖需要增强的方法 68 5、对于不想增强的方法,直接调用被增强对象(目标对象)的方法 69 */ 70 class MyCharacterEncodingRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper{ 71 //定义一个变量记住被增强对象(request对象是需要被增强的对象) 72 private HttpServletRequest request; 73 //定义一个构造函数,接收被增强对象 74 public MyCharacterEncodingRequest(HttpServletRequest request) { 75 super(request); 76 this.request = request; 77 } 78 /* 覆盖需要增强的getParameter方法 79 * @see javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper#getParameter(java.lang.String) 80 */ 81 @Override 82 public String getParameter(String name) { 83 try{ 84 //获取参数的值 85 String value= http://www.mamicode.com/this.request.getParameter(name); 86 if(value=http://www.mamicode.com/=null){ 87 return null; 88 } 89 //如果不是以get方式提交数据的,就直接返回获取到的值 90 if(!this.request.getMethod().equalsIgnoreCase("get")) { 91 return value; 92 }else{ 93 //如果是以get方式提交数据的,就对获取到的值进行转码处理 94 value = http://www.mamicode.com/new String(value.getBytes("ISO8859-1"),this.request.getCharacterEncoding()); 95 return value; 96 } 97 }catch (Exception e) { 98 throw new RuntimeException(e); 99 }100 }101 }
在web.xml文件中配置CharacterEncodingFilter
1 <!--配置字符过滤器,解决get、post请求方式下的中文乱码问题--> 2 <filter> 3 <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> 4 <filter-class>me.gacl.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> 5 </filter> 6 7 <filter-mapping> 8 <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> 9 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>10 </filter-mapping>
编写jsp测试页面,如下:
1 <%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 2 <%--引入jstl标签库 --%> 3 <%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%> 4 <!DOCTYPE HTML> 5 <html> 6 <head> 7 <title>使用字符过滤器解决解决get、post请求方式下的中文乱码问题</title> 8 </head> 9 10 <body>11 <%--使用c:url标签构建url,构建好的url存储在servletDemo1变量中--%>12 <c:url value="/servlet/ServletDemo1" scope="page" var="servletDemo1">13 <%--构建的url的附带的中文参数 ,参数名是:username,值是:孤傲苍狼--%>14 <c:param name="username" value="孤傲苍狼"></c:param>15 </c:url>16 <%--使用get的方式访问 --%>17 <a href="${servletDemo1}">超链接(get方式请求)</a>18 <hr/>19 <%--使用post方式提交表单 --%>20 <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/ServletDemo1" method="post">21 用户名:<input type="text" name="username" value="孤傲苍狼" />22 <input type="submit" value="post方式提交">23 </form>24 25 </body>26 </html>
编写处理用户请求的ServletDemo1
1 package me.gacl.web.controller; 2 3 import java.io.IOException; 4 import java.io.PrintWriter; 5 6 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;10 11 public class ServletDemo1 extends HttpServlet {12 13 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)14 throws ServletException, IOException {15 //接收参数16 String username = request.getParameter("username");17 //获取请求方式18 String method = request.getMethod();19 //获取输出流20 PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();21 out.write("请求的方式:"+method);22 out.write("<br/>");23 out.write("接收到的参数:"+username);24 }25 26 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)27 throws ServletException, IOException {28 doGet(request, response);29 }30 31 }
测试结果如下:
从运行结果中可以看到,无论是get请求方式还是post请求方式,中文乱码问题都可以完美解决了。
2.2、使用Decorator模式包装request对象实现html标签转义功能
编写一个html转义过滤器,代码如下:
1 package me.gacl.web.filter; 2 3 import java.io.IOException; 4 5 import javax.servlet.Filter; 6 import javax.servlet.FilterChain; 7 import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; 8 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 9 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; 10 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; 11 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 12 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper; 13 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 14 15 /** 16 * @ClassName: HtmlFilter 17 * @Description: html转义过滤器 18 * @author: 孤傲苍狼 19 * @date: 2014-9-2 下午11:28:41 20 * 21 */ 22 public class HtmlFilter implements Filter { 23 24 public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, 25 FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { 26 27 HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; 28 HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp; 29 30 MyHtmlRequest myrequest = new MyHtmlRequest(request); 31 chain.doFilter(myrequest, response); 32 33 } 34 35 36 public void destroy() { 37 38 } 39 40 41 public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { 42 43 } 44 } 45 46 /** 47 * @ClassName: MyHtmlRequest 48 * @Description: 使用Decorator模式包装request对象,实现html标签转义功能 49 * @author: 孤傲苍狼 50 * @date: 2014-9-2 下午11:29:09 51 * 52 */ 53 class MyHtmlRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper { 54 55 private HttpServletRequest request; 56 57 public MyHtmlRequest(HttpServletRequest request) { 58 super(request); 59 this.request = request; 60 } 61 62 /* 覆盖需要增强的getParameter方法 63 * @see javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper#getParameter(java.lang.String) 64 */ 65 @Override 66 public String getParameter(String name) { 67 String value = http://www.mamicode.com/this.request.getParameter(name); 68 if (value =http://www.mamicode.com/= null) { 69 return null; 70 } 71 //调用filter转义value中的html标签 72 return filter(value); 73 } 74 75 /** 76 * @Method: filter 77 * @Description: 过滤内容中的html标签 78 * @Anthor:孤傲苍狼 79 * @param message 80 * @return 81 */ 82 public String filter(String message) { 83 if (message == null){ 84 return null; 85 } 86 char content[] = new char[message.length()]; 87 message.getChars(0, message.length(), content, 0); 88 StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(content.length + 50); 89 for (int i = 0; i < content.length; i++) { 90 switch (content[i]) { 91 case ‘<‘: 92 result.append("<"); 93 break; 94 case ‘>‘: 95 result.append(">"); 96 break; 97 case ‘&‘: 98 result.append("&"); 99 break;100 case ‘"‘:101 result.append(""");102 break;103 default:104 result.append(content[i]);105 }106 }107 return result.toString();108 }109 }
在web.xml文件中配置HtmlFilter
1 <!--配置Html过滤器,转义内容中的html标签--> 2 <filter> 3 <filter-name>HtmlFilter</filter-name> 4 <filter-class>me.gacl.web.filter.HtmlFilter</filter-class> 5 </filter> 6 7 <filter-mapping> 8 <filter-name>HtmlFilter</filter-name> 9 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>10 </filter-mapping>
编写jsp测试页面,如下:
1 <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 2 <!DOCTYPE HTML> 3 <html> 4 <head> 5 <title>html过滤器测试</title> 6 </head> 7 8 <body> 9 <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/ServletDemo2" method="post">10 留言:11 <textarea rows="8" cols="70" name="message">12 <script type="text/javascript">13 while(true){14 alert("死循环了,我会不停地弹出了");15 }16 </script>17 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com">访问博客园</a>18 </textarea>19 <input type="submit" value="发表">20 </form>21 </body>22 </html>
编写处理用户请求的ServletDemo2
1 package me.gacl.web.controller; 2 3 import java.io.IOException; 4 5 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 6 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 9 10 public class ServletDemo2 extends HttpServlet {11 12 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)13 throws ServletException, IOException {14 //获取用户输入的内容15 String message = request.getParameter("message");16 response.getWriter().write("您上次的留言是:<br/>" + message);17 }18 19 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)20 throws ServletException, IOException {21 doGet(request, response);22 }23 }
测试结果如下:
从运行结果中可以看到,所有的html标签都被转义输出了。
2.3、使用Decorator模式包装request对象实现敏感字符过滤功能
编写一个敏感字符过滤器,代码如下:
1 package me.gacl.web.filter; 2 3 import java.io.BufferedReader; 4 import java.io.IOException; 5 import java.io.InputStream; 6 import java.io.InputStreamReader; 7 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; 8 import java.util.ArrayList; 9 import java.util.List; 10 import javax.servlet.Filter; 11 import javax.servlet.FilterChain; 12 import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; 13 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 14 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; 15 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; 16 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 17 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper; 18 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 19 20 /** 21 * @ClassName: DirtyFilter 22 * @Description: 敏感词过滤器 23 * @author: 孤傲苍狼 24 * @date: 2014-9-6 上午10:43:11 25 * 26 */ 27 public class DirtyFilter implements Filter { 28 29 private FilterConfig config = null; 30 31 @Override 32 public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { 33 this.config = filterConfig; 34 } 35 36 @Override 37 public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, 38 FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { 39 40 HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; 41 HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp; 42 DirtyRequest dirtyrequest = new DirtyRequest(request); 43 44 chain.doFilter(dirtyrequest, response); 45 } 46 47 @Override 48 public void destroy() { 49 50 } 51 52 /** 53 * @Method: getDirtyWords 54 * @Description: 获取敏感字符 55 * @Anthor:孤傲苍狼 56 * 57 * @return 58 */ 59 private List<String> getDirtyWords(){ 60 List<String> dirtyWords = new ArrayList<String>(); 61 String dirtyWordPath = config.getInitParameter("dirtyWord"); 62 InputStream inputStream = config.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream(dirtyWordPath); 63 InputStreamReader is = null; 64 try { 65 is = new InputStreamReader(inputStream,"UTF-8"); 66 } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e2) { 67 e2.printStackTrace(); 68 } 69 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(is); 70 String line; 71 try { 72 while ((line = reader.readLine())!= null) {//如果 line为空说明读完了 73 dirtyWords.add(line); 74 } 75 } catch (IOException e) { 76 e.printStackTrace(); 77 } 78 return dirtyWords; 79 } 80 81 /** 82 * @ClassName: DirtyRequest 83 * @Description: 使用Decorator模式包装request对象,实现敏感字符过滤功能 84 * @author: 孤傲苍狼 85 * @date: 2014-9-6 上午11:56:35 86 * 87 */ 88 class DirtyRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper{ 89 90 private List<String> dirtyWords = getDirtyWords(); 91 private HttpServletRequest request; 92 public DirtyRequest(HttpServletRequest request) { 93 super(request); 94 this.request = request; 95 } 96 /* 重写getParameter方法,实现对敏感字符的过滤 97 * @see javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper#getParameter(java.lang.String) 98 */ 99 @Override100 public String getParameter(String name) {101 102 String value = http://www.mamicode.com/this.request.getParameter(name);103 if(value=http://www.mamicode.com/=null){104 return null;105 }106 107 for(String dirtyWord : dirtyWords){108 if(value.contains(dirtyWord)){109 System.out.println("内容中包含敏感词:"+dirtyWord+",将会被替换成****");110 //替换敏感字符111 value = http://www.mamicode.com/value.replace(dirtyWord,"****");112 }113 }114 return value;115 }116 }117 }
在web.xml文件中配置DirtyFilter
1 <!--配置敏感字符过滤器--> 2 <filter> 3 <filter-name>DirtyFilter</filter-name> 4 <filter-class>me.gacl.web.filter.DirtyFilter</filter-class> 5 <!-- 配置要过滤的敏感字符文件 --> 6 <init-param> 7 <param-name>dirtyWord</param-name> 8 <param-value>/WEB-INF/DirtyWord.txt</param-value> 9 </init-param>10 </filter>11 12 <filter-mapping>13 <filter-name>DirtyFilter</filter-name>14 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>15 </filter-mapping>
当用户填写的内容包含一些敏感字符时,在DirtyFilter过滤器中就会将这些敏感字符替换掉。
我们如果将上述的CharacterEncodingFilter、HtmlFilter、DirtyFilter这三个过滤器联合起来使用,那么就相当于是把request对象包装了3次,request对象的getParameter方法经过3次重写,使得getParameter方法的功能大大增强,可以同时解决中文乱码,html标签转义,敏感字符过滤这些需求。
在实际开发中完全可以将上述的三个过滤器合并成一个,让合并后的过滤器具有解决中文乱码,html标签转义,敏感字符过滤这些功能,例如:
1 package me.gacl.web.filter; 2 3 import java.io.BufferedReader; 4 import java.io.IOException; 5 import java.io.InputStream; 6 import java.io.InputStreamReader; 7 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; 8 import java.util.ArrayList; 9 import java.util.List; 10 11 import javax.servlet.Filter; 12 import javax.servlet.FilterChain; 13 import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; 14 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 15 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; 16 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; 17 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 18 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper; 19 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 20 21 /** 22 * @ClassName: AdvancedFilter 23 * @Description: 这个过滤器是用来解决中文乱码,转义内容中的html标签,过滤内容中的敏感字符的 24 * @author: 孤傲苍狼 25 * @date: 2014-9-6 下午6:17:37 26 * 27 */ 28 public class AdvancedFilter implements Filter { 29 30 private FilterConfig filterConfig = null; 31 //设置默认的字符编码 32 private String defaultCharset = "UTF-8"; 33 34 @Override 35 public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { 36 //得到过滤器的初始化配置信息 37 this.filterConfig = filterConfig; 38 } 39 40 @Override 41 public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, 42 FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { 43 HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; 44 HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp; 45 //得到在web.xml中配置的字符编码 46 String charset = filterConfig.getInitParameter("charset"); 47 if(charset==null){ 48 charset = defaultCharset; 49 } 50 request.setCharacterEncoding(charset); 51 response.setCharacterEncoding(charset); 52 response.setContentType("text/html;charset="+charset); 53 54 AdvancedRequest requestWrapper = new AdvancedRequest(request); 55 chain.doFilter(requestWrapper, response); 56 } 57 58 @Override 59 public void destroy() { 60 61 } 62 63 class AdvancedRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper{ 64 65 private List<String> dirtyWords = getDirtyWords(); 66 67 //定义一个变量记住被增强对象(request对象是需要被增强的对象) 68 private HttpServletRequest request; 69 //定义一个构造函数,接收被增强对象 70 public AdvancedRequest(HttpServletRequest request) { 71 super(request); 72 this.request = request; 73 } 74 /* 覆盖需要增强的getParameter方法 75 * @see javax.servlet.ServletRequestWrapper#getParameter(java.lang.String) 76 */ 77 @Override 78 public String getParameter(String name) { 79 try{ 80 //获取参数的值 81 String value= http://www.mamicode.com/this.request.getParameter(name); 82 if(value=http://www.mamicode.com/=null){ 83 return null; 84 } 85 //如果不是以get方式提交数据的,就直接返回获取到的值 86 if(!this.request.getMethod().equalsIgnoreCase("get")) { 87 //调用filter转义value中的html标签 88 value=http://www.mamicode.com/ filter(value); 89 }else{ 90 //如果是以get方式提交数据的,就对获取到的值进行转码处理 91 value = http://www.mamicode.com/new String(value.getBytes("ISO8859-1"),this.request.getCharacterEncoding()); 92 //调用filter转义value中的html标签 93 value=http://www.mamicode.com/ filter(value); 94 } 95 96 for(String dirtyWord : dirtyWords){ 97 if(value.contains(dirtyWord)){ 98 System.out.println("内容中包含敏感词:"+dirtyWord+",将会被替换成****"); 99 //替换敏感字符100 value = http://www.mamicode.com/value.replace(dirtyWord,"****");101 }102 }103 return value;104 }catch (Exception e) {105 throw new RuntimeException(e);106 }107 }108 }109 110 /**111 * @Method: filter112 * @Description: 过滤内容中的html标签113 * @Anthor:孤傲苍狼114 * @param value115 * @return116 */ 117 public String filter(String value) {118 if (value =http://www.mamicode.com/= null){119 return null;120 }121 char content[] = new char[value.length()];122 value.getChars(0, value.length(), content, 0);123 StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(content.length + 50);124 for (int i = 0; i < content.length; i++) {125 switch (content[i]) {126 case ‘<‘:127 result.append("<");128 break;129 case ‘>‘:130 result.append(">");131 break;132 case ‘&‘:133 result.append("&");134 break;135 case ‘"‘:136 result.append(""");137 break;138 default:139 result.append(content[i]);140 }141 }142 return (result.toString());143 }144 145 /**146 * @Method: getDirtyWords147 * @Description: 获取敏感字符148 * @Anthor:孤傲苍狼149 *150 * @return151 */ 152 private List<String> getDirtyWords(){153 List<String> dirtyWords = new ArrayList<String>();154 String dirtyWordPath = filterConfig.getInitParameter("dirtyWord");155 InputStream inputStream = filterConfig.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream(dirtyWordPath);156 InputStreamReader is = null;157 try {158 is = new InputStreamReader(inputStream,defaultCharset);159 } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e2) {160 e2.printStackTrace();161 }162 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(is);163 String line;164 try {165 while ((line = reader.readLine())!= null) {//如果 line为空说明读完了166 dirtyWords.add(line);167 }168 } catch (IOException e) {169 e.printStackTrace();170 } 171 return dirtyWords;172 }173 }
在web.xml文件中配置AdvancedFilter
1 <filter> 2 <filter-name>AdvancedFilter</filter-name> 3 <filter-class>me.gacl.web.filter.AdvancedFilter</filter-class> 4 <init-param> 5 <param-name>charset</param-name> 6 <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> 7 </init-param> 8 <init-param> 9 <param-name>dirtyWord</param-name> 10 <param-value>/WEB-INF/DirtyWord.txt</param-value>11 </init-param>12 </filter>13 14 <filter-mapping>15 <filter-name>AdvancedFilter</filter-name>16 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>17 </filter-mapping>
AdvancedFilter过滤器同时具有解决中文乱码,转义内容中的html标签,过滤内容中的敏感字符这些功能。
三、使用Decorator设计模式增强response对象
Servlet API 中提供了response对象的Decorator设计模式的默认实现类HttpServletResponseWrapper ,HttpServletResponseWrapper类实现了response接口中的所有方法,但这些方法的内部实现都是仅仅调用了一下所包装的的 response对象的对应方法,以避免用户在对response对象进行增强时需要实现response接口中的所有方法。
3.1、response增强案例——压缩响应正文内容
应用HttpServletResponseWrapper对象,压缩响应正文内容。
具体思路:通过filter向目标页面传递一个自定义的response对象。在自定义的response对象中,重写getOutputStream方法和getWriter方法,使目标资源调用此方法输出页面内容时,获得的是我们自定义的ServletOutputStream对象。在我们自定义的ServletOuputStream对象中,重写write方法,使写出的数据写出到一个buffer中。当页面完成输出后,在filter中就可得到页面写出的数据,从而我们可以调用GzipOuputStream对数据进行压缩后再写出给浏览器,以此完成响应正文件压缩功能。
编写压缩过滤器,代码如下:
1 package me.gacl.web.filter; 2 3 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; 4 import java.io.IOException; 5 import java.io.OutputStreamWriter; 6 import java.io.PrintWriter; 7 import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream; 8 9 import javax.servlet.Filter; 10 import javax.servlet.FilterChain; 11 import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; 12 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 13 import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; 14 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; 15 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; 16 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 17 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 18 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper; 19 20 /** 21 * @ClassName: GzipFilter 22 * @Description: 压缩过滤器,将web应用中的文本都经过压缩后再输出到浏览器 23 * @author: 孤傲苍狼 24 * @date: 2014-9-7 上午10:52:42 25 * 26 */ 27 public class GzipFilter implements Filter { 28 29 public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, 30 FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { 31 32 HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; 33 HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp; 34 35 BufferResponse myresponse = new BufferResponse(response); 36 chain.doFilter(request, myresponse); 37 //拿出缓存中的数据,压缩后再打给浏览器 38 byte out[] = myresponse.getBuffer(); 39 System.out.println("原始大小:" + out.length); 40 41 ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); 42 //压缩输出流中的数据 43 GZIPOutputStream gout = new GZIPOutputStream(bout); 44 gout.write(out); 45 gout.close(); 46 47 byte gzip[] = bout.toByteArray(); 48 System.out.println("压缩后的大小:" + gzip.length); 49 50 response.setHeader("content-encoding", "gzip"); 51 response.setContentLength(gzip.length); 52 response.getOutputStream().write(gzip); 53 } 54 55 public void destroy() { 56 57 } 58 59 public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { 60 61 } 62 } 63 64 class BufferResponse extends HttpServletResponseWrapper{ 65 66 private ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); 67 private PrintWriter pw; 68 private HttpServletResponse response; 69 public BufferResponse(HttpServletResponse response) { 70 super(response); 71 this.response = response; 72 } 73 @Override 74 public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException { 75 return new MyServletOutputStream(bout); 76 } 77 @Override 78 public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException { 79 pw = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(bout,this.response.getCharacterEncoding())); 80 return pw; 81 } 82 83 public byte[] getBuffer(){ 84 try{ 85 if(pw!=null){ 86 pw.close(); 87 } 88 if(bout!=null){ 89 bout.flush(); 90 return bout.toByteArray(); 91 } 92 93 94 return null; 95 }catch (Exception e) { 96 throw new RuntimeException(e); 97 } 98 } 99 }100 101 class MyServletOutputStream extends ServletOutputStream{102 103 private ByteArrayOutputStream bout;104 public MyServletOutputStream(ByteArrayOutputStream bout){105 this.bout = bout;106 }107 108 @Override109 public void write(int b) throws IOException {110 this.bout.write(b);111 }112 }
在web.xml中配置压缩过滤器
1 <filter> 2 <description>配置压缩过滤器</description> 3 <filter-name>GzipFilter</filter-name> 4 <filter-class>me.gacl.web.filter.GzipFilter</filter-class> 5 </filter> 6 7 <!--jsp文件的输出的内容都经过压缩过滤器压缩后才输出 --> 8 <filter-mapping> 9 <filter-name>GzipFilter</filter-name>10 <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>11 <!-- 配置过滤器的拦截方式-->12 <!-- 对于在Servlet中通过13 request.getRequestDispatcher("jsp页面路径").forward(request, response) 14 方式访问的Jsp页面的要进行拦截 -->15 <dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>16 <!--对于直接以URL方式访问的jsp页面进行拦截,过滤器的拦截方式默认就是 REQUEST-->17 <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>18 </filter-mapping>19 <!--js文件的输出的内容都经过压缩过滤器压缩后才输出 -->20 <filter-mapping>21 <filter-name>GzipFilter</filter-name>22 <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>23 </filter-mapping>24 <!--css文件的输出的内容都经过压缩过滤器压缩后才输出 -->25 <filter-mapping>26 <filter-name>GzipFilter</filter-name>27 <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>28 </filter-mapping>29 <!--html文件的输出的内容都经过压缩过滤器压缩后才输出 -->30 <filter-mapping>31 <filter-name>GzipFilter</filter-name>32 <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>33 </filter-mapping>
3.2、response增强案例——缓存数据到内存
对于页面中很少更新的数据,例如商品分类,为避免每次都要从数据库查询分类数据,因此可把分类数据缓存在内存或文件中,以此来减轻数据库压力,提高系统响应速度。
编写缓存数据的过滤器,代码如下:
1 package me.gacl.web.filter; 2 3 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; 4 import java.io.IOException; 5 import java.io.OutputStreamWriter; 6 import java.io.PrintWriter; 7 import java.util.HashMap; 8 import java.util.Map; 9 10 import javax.servlet.Filter; 11 import javax.servlet.FilterChain; 12 import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; 13 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 14 import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; 15 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; 16 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; 17 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 18 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 19 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper; 20 21 /** 22 * @ClassName: WebResourceCachedFilter 23 * @Description: Web资源缓存过滤器 24 * @author: 孤傲苍狼 25 * @date: 2014-9-8 上午12:20:16 26 * 27 */ 28 public class WebResourceCachedFilter implements Filter { 29 /** 30 * @Field: map 31 * 缓存Web资源的Map容器 32 */ 33 private Map<String,byte[]> map = new HashMap<String,byte[]>(); 34 35 @Override 36 public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { 37 38 } 39 40 @Override 41 public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, 42 FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { 43 HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; 44 HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp; 45 //1.得到用户请求的uri 46 String uri = request.getRequestURI(); 47 //2.看缓存中有没有uri对应的数据 48 byte b[] = map.get(uri); 49 //3.如果缓存中有,直接拿缓存的数据打给浏览器,程序返回 50 if(b!=null){ 51 //根据字节数组和指定的字符编码构建字符串 52 String webResourceHtmlStr = new String(b,response.getCharacterEncoding()); 53 System.out.println(webResourceHtmlStr); 54 response.getOutputStream().write(b); 55 return; 56 } 57 //4.如果缓存没有,让目标资源执行,并捕获目标资源的输出 58 BufferResponse myresponse = new BufferResponse(response); 59 chain.doFilter(request, myresponse); 60 //获取缓冲流中的内容的字节数组 61 byte out[] = myresponse.getBuffer(); 62 //5.把资源的数据以用户请求的uri为关键字保存到缓存中 63 map.put(uri, out); 64 //6.把数据打给浏览器 65 response.getOutputStream().write(out); 66 } 67 68 @Override 69 public void destroy() { 70 71 } 72 73 class BufferResponse extends HttpServletResponseWrapper{ 74 private ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); //捕获输出的缓存 75 private PrintWriter pw; 76 private HttpServletResponse response; 77 public BufferResponse(HttpServletResponse response) { 78 super(response); 79 this.response = response; 80 } 81 @Override 82 public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException { 83 return new MyServletOutputStream(bout); 84 } 85 @Override 86 public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException { 87 pw = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(bout,this.response.getCharacterEncoding())); 88 return pw; 89 } 90 91 public byte[] getBuffer(){ 92 try{ 93 if(pw!=null){ 94 pw.close(); 95 } 96 return bout.toByteArray(); 97 }catch (Exception e) { 98 throw new RuntimeException(e); 99 }100 }101 }102 103 class MyServletOutputStream extends ServletOutputStream{104 private ByteArrayOutputStream bout;105 public MyServletOutputStream(ByteArrayOutputStream bout){ //接收数据写到哪里106 this.bout = bout;107 }108 @Override109 public void write(int b) throws IOException {110 bout.write(b);111 }112 }113 }
在web.xml中配置Web资源缓存过滤器
1 <filter> 2 <description>Web资源缓存过滤器</description> 3 <filter-name>WebResourceCachedFilter</filter-name> 4 <filter-class>me.gacl.web.filter.WebResourceCachedFilter</filter-class> 5 </filter> 6 7 <filter-mapping> 8 <filter-name>WebResourceCachedFilter</filter-name> 9 <!-- 映射需要缓存输出的JSP页面,这几个页面都只是单纯作为输入UI,不会有太多的变化,因此可以缓存输出 -->10 <url-pattern>/login.jsp</url-pattern>11 <url-pattern>/test.jsp</url-pattern>12 <url-pattern>/test2.jsp</url-pattern>13 </filter-mapping>
javaweb学习总结(四十三)——Filter高级开发