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centos6.7 X64下mysql5.1.73和5.5.32配主从复制服务实战
1、实验环境准备：
A、mysql主服务器 名称：abao68 IP地址：192.168.1.68 数据库版本为：mysql5.1.72
[root@centos67-68 ~]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1
[root@centos67-68 ~]# uname -a
Linux centos67-68 2.6.32-642.15.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Feb 24 14:31:22 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
B、mysql从服务器 名称：abao67 IP地址：192.168.1.67 数据库版本为：mysql5.5.32
[root@abao67 ~]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.32, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
[root@abao67 ~]# uname -a
Linux abao67 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jul 23 15:44:03 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
2、试验数据准备：
2.1、在主服务器abao68创建数据库名称为abaotest数据库，并导入测试数据。
[root@centos67-68 ~]# mysql -V mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1 [root@centos67-68 ~]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | test | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create database abaotest; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | abaotest | | mysql | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.2、把测试数据导入刚才我们新建的abaotest数据库：
方法一：
[root@centos67-68 ~]# mysql -uroot -p abaotest < book_utf8.sql Enter password:
方法二：
mysql> user abaotest; ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ‘user abaotest‘ at line 1 mysql> use abaotest Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> source /root/book_utf8.sql
查看刚导入的数据表情况：
mysql> show tables; +--------------------+ | Tables_in_abaotest | +--------------------+ | books | | category | +--------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from category; +---------+---------------+ | bTypeId | bTypeName | +---------+---------------+ | 1 | windows应用 | | 2 | 网站 | | 3 | 3D动画 | | 4 | linux学习 | | 5 | Delphi学习 | | 6 | 黑客 | | 7 | 网络技术 | | 8 | 安全 | | 9 | 平面 | | 10 | AutoCAD技术 | +---------+---------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
知识扩展：在centos6.7下使用yum安装数据库之后需要改变MySQL数据库的默认编码
查看数据库默认编码 mysql> status; -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 2 Current database: abaotest Current user: root@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: ‘‘ Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket Server characterset: latin1 Db characterset: utf8 Client characterset: latin1 Conn. characterset: latin1 UNIX socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock Uptime: 6 min 33 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 61 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 22 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 9 Queries per second avg: 0.155 安装MySQL数据库时的默认编码是latin1，实际使用时可能要使用其他编码。下文描述如何将默认编码改为utf8： 首先修改MySQL的配置文件/etc/my.cnf： 在[client]下追加： default-character-set=utf8 在[mysqld]下追加： character-set-server=utf8 在[mysql]下追加： default-character-set=utf8 修改完毕后，使用如下命令之一重启mysql服务： service mysql restart /etc/init.d/mysql restart 改变后，之前手工创建的数据库如未显式指定编码，则其编码仍是默认的latin1，可使用如下命令更改编码： mysql> alter database db_name CHARACTER SET utf8;
2.3、停止主服务器 并 配置
[root@centos67-68 ~]# service mysqld stop
停止 mysqld： [确定]
修改my.cnf文件并在[mysqld]选项中加入以下内容：
[root@centos67-68 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks character-set-server=utf8 symbolic-links=0 #---------以下是在原配置文件中添加的内容--------- #启用二进制日志，默认存在/var/lib/mysql 下面 log-bin=mysqllog #本机数据库ID 标示。其中master_id必须为1到232之间的一个正整数值 server-id=1 #可以被从服务器复制的库。二进制需要同步的数据库名abaotest binlog-do-db=abaotest #不可以被从服务器复制的库mysql # binlog-ignore-db=mysql #---------以上是在原配置文件中添加的内容--------- [mysql] default-character-set=utf8 [client] default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
2.4、重启服务
[root@centos67-68 ~]# service mysqld restart
停止 mysqld： [确定]
正在启动 mysqld： [确定]
2.5、授权从服务器abao67可以使用账号slave连接到主服务器abao68
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to slave@192.168.1.67 identified by "123456"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
2.6、查看服务器状态信息和二进制日志
[root@centos67-68 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql/ abaotest ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql mysqllog.000001 mysqllog.index mysql.sock test
[root@centos67-68 ~]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.1.73-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> show master status; +-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysqllog.000001 | 256 | abaotest | | +-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show binlog events \G *************************** 1. row *************************** Log_name: mysqllog.000001 Pos: 4 Event_type: Format_desc Server_id: 1 End_log_pos: 106 Info: Server ver: 5.1.73-log, Binlog ver: 4 *************************** 2. row *************************** Log_name: mysqllog.000001 Pos: 106 Event_type: Query Server_id: 1 End_log_pos: 256 Info: grant replication slave on *.* to slave@192.168.1.67 identified by "123456" 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
注意：这里记住File的值： mysqllog.000001和Position的值：256，后面会用到。
2.7、为了保证主从数据库的一致性，可以使用如下方法：
[root@centos67-68 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -A >all.sql Enter password: mysqldump: Got error: 1045: Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ (using password: YES) when trying to connect [root@centos67-68 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -A >all.sql Enter password: -- Warning: Skipping the data of table mysql.event. Specify the --events option explicitly. [root@centos67-68 ~]# ls all.sql anaconda-ks.cfg book_utf8.sql install.log install.log.syslog [root@centos67-68 ~]# rm -rf all.sql [root@centos67-68 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -A >all.sql Enter password: -- Warning: Skipping the data of table mysql.event. Specify the --events option explicitly. [root@centos67-68 ~]# scp all.sql 192.168.1.67:/root The authenticity of host ‘192.168.1.67 (192.168.1.67)‘ can‘t be established. RSA key fingerprint is c8:62:61:31:24:fa:77:44:da:be:26:d8:85:80:95:3a. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yest^H Warning: Permanently added ‘192.168.1.67‘ (RSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.1.67‘s password: all.sql 100% 521KB 521.3KB/s 00:00
3、配置从服务器abao67
3.1、测试是否可以正常连接到主服务器
[root@abao67 ~]# mysql -u slave -h192.168.1.68 -p123456 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 7 Server version: 5.1.73-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
测试可以正常连接，但是没有发现abaotest数据库。
3.2、导入数据库，使其与主服务器一致：
[root@abao67 ~]# mysql -u root -p12345 < all.sql [root@abao67 ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.5.32-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | abaotest | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use abaotest Database changed mysql> select * from category; +---------+---------------+ | bTypeId | bTypeName | +---------+---------------+ | 1 | windows应用 | | 2 | 网站 | | 3 | 3D动画 | | 4 | linux学习 | | 5 | Delphi学习 | | 6 | 黑客 | | 7 | 网络技术 | | 8 | 安全 | | 9 | 平面 | | 10 | AutoCAD技术 | +---------+---------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.3、修改从服务器abao67配置文件：
配置MySQL从服务器的my.cnf文件
vi /etc/my.cnf #编辑配置文件，在[mysqld]部分添加下面内容
server-id=2 #配置文件中已经有一行server-id=1，修改其值为2，表示为从数据库
log-bin=mysql-bin #启动MySQ二进制日志系统，注意：如果原来的配置文件中已经有这一行，就不用再添加了。
replicate-do-db=osyunweidb #需要同步的数据库名，如果有多个数据库，可重复此参数，每个数据库一行
replicate-ignore-db=mysql #不同步mysql系统数据库
:wq! #保存退出
注意：MySQL 5.1.7版本之后，已经不支持把master配置属性写入my.cnf配置文件中了，只需要把同步的数据库和要忽略的数据库写入即可。
3.4、保存并重启从服务器：
mysql> slave stop; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> change master to master_host=‘192.168.1.68‘,master_user=‘slave‘,master_password=‘123456‘,master_log_file=‘mysqllog.000001‘,master_log_pos=256; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.1.68 Master_User: slave Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysqllog.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 256 Relay_Log_File: abao67-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 251 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysqllog.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: abaotest Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 256 Relay_Log_Space: 408 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注意查看：
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
以上这两个参数的值为Yes，即说明配置成功！
4、测试
1、进入MySQL主服务器abao68 #进入主服务器MySQL控制台 mysql -u root -p #进入数据库 mysql> use abaotest Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed #创建test表 mysql> CREATE TABLE test ( id int not null primary key,name char(20) ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) 2、进入MySQL从服务abao67 #进入MySQL控制台 mysql -u root -p #进入数据库 mysql> use abaotest #查看abaotest表结构，会看到有一个新建的表test，表示数据库同步成功 mysql> use abaotest Database changed mysql> show tables; +--------------------+ | Tables_in_abaotest | +--------------------+ | books | | category | | test | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
您若能看到如上内容，证明您成功啦！
本文出自 “阿宝Linux实战” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://abaolinux.blog.51cto.com/12802691/1915817
centos6.7 X64下mysql5.1.73和5.5.32配主从复制服务实战
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