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docker命令详解
docker命令详解
1 # docker --help 2 Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...] 3 docker daemon [ --help | ... ] 4 docker [ -h | --help | -v | --version ] 5 6 A self-sufficient runtime for containers. 7 8 Options: 9 10 --config=~/.docker Location of client config files 11 -D, --debug=false Enable debug mode 12 -H, --host=[] Daemon socket(s) to connect to 13 -h, --help=false Print usage 14 -l, --log-level=info Set the logging level 15 --tls=false Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify 16 --tlscacert=~/.docker/ca.pem Trust certs signed only by this CA 17 --tlscert=~/.docker/cert.pem Path to TLS certificate file 18 --tlskey=~/.docker/key.pem Path to TLS key file 19 --tlsverify=false Use TLS and verify the remote 20 -v, --version=false Print version information and quit 21 22 Commands: 23 attach Attach to a running container 24 --将终端依附到容器上 25 1> 运行一个交互型容器 26 [root@localhost ~]# docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash 27 [root@f0a02b473067 /]# 28 2> 在另一个窗口上查看该容器的状态 29 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a 30 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 31 d4a75f165ce6 centos "/bin/bash" 5 seconds ago Up 5 seconds cranky_mahavira 32 3> 退出第一步中运行的容器 33 [root@d4a75f165ce6 /]# exit 34 exit 35 4> 查看该容器的状态 36 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a 37 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 38 d4a75f165ce6 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 23 seconds ago cranky_mahavira 39 可见此时容器的状态是Exited,那么,如何再次运行这个容器呢?可以使用docker start命令 40 5> 再次运行该容器 41 [root@localhost ~]# docker start cranky_mahavira 42 cranky_mahavira 43 6> 再次查看该容器的状态 44 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a 45 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 46 d4a75f165ce6 centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Up 29 seconds cranky_mahavira 47 因为该容器是交互型的,但此刻我们发现没有具体的终端可以与之交互,这时可使用attach命令。 48 7> 通过attach命令进行交互 49 [root@localhost ~]# docker attach cranky_mahavira 50 [root@d4a75f165ce6 /]# 51 52 build Build an image from a Dockerfile 53 --通过Dockerfile创建镜像 54 55 commit Create a new image from a container‘s changes 56 --通过容器创建本地镜像 57 注意:如果是要push到docker hub中,注意生成镜像的命名 58 [root@localhost ~]# docker commit centos_v1 centos:v1 59 68ad49c999496cff25fdda58f0521530a143d3884e61bce7ada09bdc22337638 60 [root@localhost ~]# docker push centos:v1 61 You cannot push a "root" repository. Please rename your repository to <user>/<repo> (ex: <user>/centos) 62 用centos:v1就不行,因为它push到docker hub中时,是推送到相应用户下,必须指定用户名。譬如我的用户名是ivictor,则新生成的本地镜像命名为: 63 docker push victor/centos:v1,其中v1是tag,可不写,默认是latest 64 65 cp Copy files/folders from a container to a HOSTDIR or to STDOUT 66 --在宿主机和容器之间相互COPY文件 67 cp的用法如下: 68 Usage: docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:PATH LOCALPATH|- 69 docker cp [OPTIONS] LOCALPATH|- CONTAINER:PATH 70 需要注意的是-的用法,我在容器新建了两个文本文件,其中一个为test.txt,内容如下: 71 root@839866a338db:/# cat test.txt 72 456 73 另一个文件为test1,txt,内容为: 74 root@839866a338db:/# cat test1.txt 75 helloworld 76 用法一的结果如下: 77 [root@localhost ~]# docker cp mysqldb:/test.tar - 78 test.tar0100644000000000000000000002400012573523153010736 0ustar0000000000000000test.txt000064400000000000000000000000141257352311101 1267 0ustar rootroot123 79 789 80 test1.txt0000644000000000000000000000001312573523124011353 0ustar rootroothelloworld 81 用法二的结果如下: 82 [root@localhost ~]# cat test.tar |docker cp - mysqldb:/ 83 [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mysqldb /bin/bash 84 root@839866a338db:/# ls 85 bin dev entrypoint.sh home lib64 mnt proc run selinux sys test.txt tmp var 86 boot docker-entrypoint-initdb.d etc lib media opt root sbin srv test.tar test1.txt usr 87 --容器内新增了两个文件,test.txt和test1.txt,而这正是test.tar里打包的文件 88 89 create Create a new container 90 --创建一个新的容器,注意,此时,容器的status只是Created 91 92 diff Inspect changes on a container‘s filesystem 93 --查看容器内发生改变的文件,以我的mysql容器为例 94 [root@localhost ~]# docker diff mysqldb 95 C /root 96 A /root/.bash_history 97 A /test1.txt 98 A /test.tar 99 A /test.txt100 C /run101 C /run/mysqld102 A /run/mysqld/mysqld.pid103 A /run/mysqld/mysqld.sock104 不难看出,C对应的均是目录,A对应的均是文件105 106 events Get real time events from the server107 --实时输出Docker服务器端的事件,包括容器的创建,启动,关闭等。108 譬如:109 [root@localhost ~]# docker events110 2015-09-08T17:40:13.000000000+08:00 d2a2ef5ddb90b505acaf6b59ab43eecf7eddbd3e71f36572436c34dc0763db79: (from wordpress) create111 2015-09-08T17:40:14.000000000+08:00 d2a2ef5ddb90b505acaf6b59ab43eecf7eddbd3e71f36572436c34dc0763db79: (from wordpress) die112 2015-09-08T17:42:10.000000000+08:00 839866a338db6dd626fa8eabeef53a839e4d2e2eb16ebd89679aa722c4caa5f7: (from mysql) start113 114 exec Run a command in a running container115 --用于容器启动之后,执行其它的任务116 通过exec命令可以创建两种任务:后台型任务和交互型任务117 后台型任务:docker exec -d cc touch 123 其中cc是容器名118 交互型任务:119 [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -i -t cc /bin/bash120 root@1e5bb46d801b:/# ls121 bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var122 123 export Export a container‘s filesystem as a tar archive124 --将容器的文件系统打包成tar文件125 有两种方式:126 docker export -o mysqldb1.tar mysqldb127 docker export mysqldb > mysqldb.tar128 129 history Show the history of an image130 --显示镜像制作的过程,相当于dockfile131 132 images List images 133 --列出本机的所有镜像134 135 import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image136 --根据tar文件的内容新建一个镜像,与之前的export命令相对应137 [root@localhost ~]# docker import mysqldb.tar mysql:v1138 eb81de183cd94fd6f0231de4ff29969db822afd3a25841d2dc9cf3562d135a10139 [root@localhost ~]# docker images140 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE141 mysql v1 eb81de183cd9 21 seconds ago 281.9 MB142 143 info Display system-wide information144 --查看docker的系统信息145 [root@localhost ~]# docker info146 Containers: 3 --当前有3个容器147 Images: 298 148 Storage Driver: devicemapper149 Pool Name: docker-253:0-34402623-pool150 Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB151 Backing Filesystem: xfs152 Data file: /dev/loop0153 Metadata file: /dev/loop1154 Data Space Used: 8.677 GB --对应的是下面Data loop file大小155 Data Space Total: 107.4 GB156 Data Space Available: 5.737 GB157 Metadata Space Used: 13.4 MB --对应的是下面Metadata loop file大小158 Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB159 Metadata Space Available: 2.134 GB160 Udev Sync Supported: true161 Deferred Removal Enabled: false162 Data loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data163 Metadata loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata164 Library Version: 1.02.93-RHEL7 (2015-01-28)165 Execution Driver: native-0.2166 Logging Driver: json-file167 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64168 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)169 CPUs: 2170 Total Memory: 979.7 MiB171 Name: localhost.localdomain172 ID: TFVB:BXGQ:VVOC:K2DJ:LECE:2HNK:23B2:LEVF:P3IQ:L7D5:NG2V:UKNL173 WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled174 WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled175 176 inspect Return low-level information on a container or image177 --用于查看容器的配置信息,包含容器名、环境变量、运行命令、主机配置、网络配置和数据卷配置等。178 179 kill Kill a running container 180 --强制终止容器181 关于stop和kill的区别,docker stop命令给容器中的进程发送SIGTERM信号,默认行为是会导致容器退出,当然,182 容器内程序可以捕获该信号并自行处理,例如可以选择忽略。而docker kill则是给容器的进程发送SIGKILL信号,该信号将会使容器必然退出。183 184 load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN185 --与下面的save命令相对应,将下面sava命令打包的镜像通过load命令导入186 187 login Register or log in to a Docker registry188 --登录到自己的Docker register,需有Docker Hub的注册账号189 [root@localhost ~]# docker login190 Username: ivictor191 Password: 192 Email: xxxx@foxmail.com193 WARNING: login credentials saved in /root/.docker/config.json194 Login Succeeded195 196 logout Log out from a Docker registry197 --退出登录198 [root@localhost ~]# docker logout199 Remove login credentials for https://index.docker.io/v1/200 201 logs Fetch the logs of a container202 --用于查看容器的日志,它将输出到标准输出的数据作为日志输出到docker logs命令的终端上。常用于后台型容器203 204 pause Pause all processes within a container205 --暂停容器内的所有进程,206 此时,通过docker stats可以观察到此时的资源使用情况是固定不变的,207 通过docker logs -f也观察不到日志的进一步输出。208 209 port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the CONTAINER210 --输出容器端口与宿主机端口的映射情况211 譬如:212 [root@localhost ~]# docker port blog213 80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:80214 容器blog的内部端口80映射到宿主机的80端口,这样可通过宿主机的80端口查看容器blog提供的服务215 216 ps List containers 217 --列出所有容器,其中docker ps用于查看正在运行的容器,ps -a则用于查看所有容器。218 219 pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry220 --从docker hub中下载镜像221 222 push Push an image or a repository to a registry223 --将本地的镜像上传到docker hub中224 前提是你要先用docker login登录上,不然会报以下错误225 [root@localhost ~]# docker push ivictor/centos:v1226 The push refers to a repository [docker.io/ivictor/centos] (len: 1)227 unauthorized: access to the requested resource is not authorized228 229 rename Rename a container230 --更改容器的名字231 232 restart Restart a running container 233 --重启容器234 235 rm Remove one or more containers 236 --删除容器,注意,不可以删除一个运行中的容器,必须先用docker stop或docker kill使其停止。237 当然可以强制删除,必须加-f参数238 如果要一次性删除所有容器,可使用 docker rm -f `docker ps -a -q`,其中,-q指的是只列出容器的ID239 240 rmi Remove one or more images 241 --删除镜像242 243 run Run a command in a new container 244 --让创建的容器立刻进入运行状态,该命令等同于docker create创建容器后再使用docker start启动容器245 246 save Save an image(s) to a tar archive247 --将镜像打包,与上面的load命令相对应248 譬如:249 docker save -o nginx.tar nginx250 251 search Search the Docker Hub for images 252 --从Docker Hub中搜索镜像253 254 start Start one or more stopped containers255 --启动容器256 257 stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics258 --动态显示容器的资源消耗情况,包括:CPU、内存、网络I/O259 260 stop Stop a running container 261 --停止一个运行的容器262 263 tag Tag an image into a repository264 --对镜像进行重命名265 266 top Display the running processes of a container267 --查看容器中正在运行的进程268 269 unpause Unpause all processes within a container270 --恢复容器内暂停的进程,与pause参数相对应271 272 version Show the Docker version information 273 --查看docker的版本274 275 wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code276 --捕捉容器停止时的退出码277 执行此命令后,该命令会“hang”在当前终端,直到容器停止,此时,会打印出容器的退出码。278 279 Run ‘docker COMMAND --help‘ for more information on a command.
docker命令详解
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