首页 > 代码库 > java实现二叉树

java实现二叉树

  1 import java.util.ArrayList;  2 import java.util.List;  3   4 public class BinarySearchTree {  5   6     // 树的根结点  7     private TreeNode root = null;  8   9     // 遍历结点列表 10     private List<TreeNode> nodelist = new ArrayList<TreeNode>(); 11  12     private class TreeNode { 13  14         private int key; 15         private TreeNode leftChild; 16         private TreeNode rightChild; 17         private TreeNode parent; 18  19         public TreeNode(int key, TreeNode leftChild, TreeNode rightChild, 20                 TreeNode parent) { 21             this.key = key; 22             this.leftChild = leftChild; 23             this.rightChild = rightChild; 24             this.parent = parent; 25         } 26  27         public int getKey() { 28             return key; 29         } 30  31         public String toString() { 32             String leftkey = (leftChild == null ? "" : String 33                     .valueOf(leftChild.key)); 34             String rightkey = (rightChild == null ? "" : String 35                     .valueOf(rightChild.key)); 36             return "(" + leftkey + " , " + key + " , " + rightkey + ")"; 37         } 38  39     } 40  41     /** 42      * isEmpty: 判断二叉查找树是否为空;若为空,返回 true ,否则返回 false . 43      *  44      */ 45     public boolean isEmpty() { 46         if (root == null) { 47             return true; 48         } else { 49             return false; 50         } 51     } 52  53     /** 54      * TreeEmpty: 对于某些二叉查找树操作(比如删除关键字)来说,若树为空,则抛出异常。 55      */ 56     public void TreeEmpty() throws Exception { 57         if (isEmpty()) { 58             throw new Exception("树为空!"); 59         } 60     } 61  62     /** 63      * search: 在二叉查找树中查询给定关键字 64      *  65      * @param key 66      *            给定关键字 67      * @return 匹配给定关键字的树结点 68      */ 69     public TreeNode search(int key) { 70         TreeNode pNode = root; 71         while (pNode != null && pNode.key != key) { 72             if (key < pNode.key) { 73                 pNode = pNode.leftChild; 74             } else { 75                 pNode = pNode.rightChild; 76             } 77         } 78         return pNode; 79     } 80  81     /** 82      * minElemNode: 获取二叉查找树中的最小关键字结点 83      *  84      * @return 二叉查找树的最小关键字结点 85      * @throws Exception 86      *             若树为空,则抛出异常 87      */ 88     public TreeNode minElemNode(TreeNode node) throws Exception { 89         if (node == null) { 90             throw new Exception("树为空!"); 91         } 92         TreeNode pNode = node; 93         while (pNode.leftChild != null) { 94             pNode = pNode.leftChild; 95         } 96         return pNode; 97     } 98  99     /**100      * maxElemNode: 获取二叉查找树中的最大关键字结点101      * 102      * @return 二叉查找树的最大关键字结点103      * @throws Exception104      *             若树为空,则抛出异常105      */106     public TreeNode maxElemNode(TreeNode node) throws Exception {107         if (node == null) {108             throw new Exception("树为空!");109         }110         TreeNode pNode = node;111         while (pNode.rightChild != null) {112             pNode = pNode.rightChild;113         }114         return pNode;115     }116 117     /**118      * successor: 获取给定结点在中序遍历顺序下的后继结点119      * 120      * @param node121      *            给定树中的结点122      * @return 若该结点存在中序遍历顺序下的后继结点,则返回其后继结点;否则返回 null123      * @throws Exception124      */125     public TreeNode successor(TreeNode node) throws Exception {126         if (node == null) {127             return null;128         }129 130         // 若该结点的右子树不为空,则其后继结点就是右子树中的最小关键字结点131         if (node.rightChild != null) {132             return minElemNode(node.rightChild);133         }134         // 若该结点右子树为空135         TreeNode parentNode = node.parent;136         while (parentNode != null && node == parentNode.rightChild) {137             node = parentNode;138             parentNode = parentNode.parent;139         }140         return parentNode;141     }142 143     /**144      * precessor: 获取给定结点在中序遍历顺序下的前趋结点145      * 146      * @param node147      *            给定树中的结点148      * @return 若该结点存在中序遍历顺序下的前趋结点,则返回其前趋结点;否则返回 null149      * @throws Exception150      */151     public TreeNode precessor(TreeNode node) throws Exception {152         if (node == null) {153             return null;154         }155 156         // 若该结点的左子树不为空,则其前趋结点就是左子树中的最大关键字结点157         if (node.leftChild != null) {158             return maxElemNode(node.leftChild);159         }160         // 若该结点左子树为空161         TreeNode parentNode = node.parent;162         while (parentNode != null && node == parentNode.leftChild) {163             node = parentNode;164             parentNode = parentNode.parent;165         }166         return parentNode;167     }168 169     /**170      * insert: 将给定关键字插入到二叉查找树中171      * 172      * @param key173      *            给定关键字174      */175     public void insert(int key) {176         TreeNode parentNode = null;177         TreeNode newNode = new TreeNode(key, null, null, null);178         TreeNode pNode = root;179         if (root == null) {180             root = newNode;181             return;182         }183         while (pNode != null) {184             parentNode = pNode;185             if (key < pNode.key) {186                 pNode = pNode.leftChild;187             } else if (key > pNode.key) {188                 pNode = pNode.rightChild;189             } else {190                 // 树中已存在匹配给定关键字的结点,则什么都不做直接返回191                 return;192             }193         }194         if (key < parentNode.key) {195             parentNode.leftChild = newNode;196             newNode.parent = parentNode;197         } else {198             parentNode.rightChild = newNode;199             newNode.parent = parentNode;200         }201 202     }203 204     /**205      * insert: 从二叉查找树中删除匹配给定关键字相应的树结点206      * 207      * @param key208      *            给定关键字209      */210     public void delete(int key) throws Exception {211         TreeNode pNode = search(key);212         if (pNode == null) {213             throw new Exception("树中不存在要删除的关键字!");214         }215         delete(pNode);216     }217 218     /**219      * delete: 从二叉查找树中删除给定的结点.220      * 221      * @param pNode222      *            要删除的结点223      * 224      *            前置条件: 给定结点在二叉查找树中已经存在225      * @throws Exception226      */227     private void delete(TreeNode pNode) throws Exception {228         if (pNode == null) {229             return;230         }231         if (pNode.leftChild == null && pNode.rightChild == null) { // 该结点既无左孩子结点,也无右孩子结点232             TreeNode parentNode = pNode.parent;233             if (pNode == parentNode.leftChild) {234                 parentNode.leftChild = null;235             } else {236                 parentNode.rightChild = null;237             }238             return;239         }240         if (pNode.leftChild == null && pNode.rightChild != null) { // 该结点左孩子结点为空,右孩子结点非空241             TreeNode parentNode = pNode.parent;242             if (pNode == parentNode.leftChild) {243                 parentNode.leftChild = pNode.rightChild;244                 pNode.rightChild.parent = parentNode;245             } else {246                 parentNode.rightChild = pNode.rightChild;247                 pNode.rightChild.parent = parentNode;248             }249             return;250         }251         if (pNode.leftChild != null && pNode.rightChild == null) { // 该结点左孩子结点非空,右孩子结点为空252             TreeNode parentNode = pNode.parent;253             if (pNode == parentNode.leftChild) {254                 parentNode.leftChild = pNode.leftChild;255                 pNode.rightChild.parent = parentNode;256             } else {257                 parentNode.rightChild = pNode.leftChild;258                 pNode.rightChild.parent = parentNode;259             }260             return;261         }262         // 该结点左右孩子结点均非空,则删除该结点的后继结点,并用该后继结点取代该结点263         TreeNode successorNode = successor(pNode);264         delete(successorNode);265         pNode.key = successorNode.key;266     }267 268     /**269      * inOrderTraverseList: 获得二叉查找树的中序遍历结点列表270      * 271      * @return 二叉查找树的中序遍历结点列表272      */273     public List<TreeNode> inOrderTraverseList() {274         if (nodelist != null) {275             nodelist.clear();276         }277         inOrderTraverse(root);278         return nodelist;279     }280 281     /**282      * inOrderTraverse: 对给定二叉查找树进行中序遍历283      * 284      * @param root285      *            给定二叉查找树的根结点286      */287     private void inOrderTraverse(TreeNode root) {288         if (root != null) {289             inOrderTraverse(root.leftChild);290             nodelist.add(root);291             inOrderTraverse(root.rightChild);292         }293     }294 295     /**296      * toStringOfOrderList: 获取二叉查找树中关键字的有序列表297      * 298      * @return 二叉查找树中关键字的有序列表299      */300     public String toStringOfOrderList() {301         StringBuilder sbBuilder = new StringBuilder(" [ ");302         for (TreeNode p : inOrderTraverseList()) {303             sbBuilder.append(p.key);304             sbBuilder.append(" ");305         }306         sbBuilder.append("]");307         return sbBuilder.toString();308     }309 310     /**311      * 获取该二叉查找树的字符串表示312      */313     public String toString() {314         StringBuilder sbBuilder = new StringBuilder(" [ ");315         for (TreeNode p : inOrderTraverseList()) {316             sbBuilder.append(p);317             sbBuilder.append(" ");318         }319         sbBuilder.append("]");320         return sbBuilder.toString();321     }322 323     public TreeNode getRoot() {324         return root;325     }326 327     public static void testNode(BinarySearchTree bst, TreeNode pNode)328             throws Exception {329         System.out.println("本结点: " + pNode);330         System.out.println("前趋结点: " + bst.precessor(pNode));331         System.out.println("后继结点: " + bst.successor(pNode));332     }333 334     public static void testTraverse(BinarySearchTree bst) {335         System.out.println("二叉树遍历:" + bst);336         System.out.println("二叉查找树转换为有序列表: " + bst.toStringOfOrderList());337     }338 339     public static void main(String[] args) {340         try {341             BinarySearchTree bst = new BinarySearchTree();342             System.out.println("查找树是否为空? " + (bst.isEmpty() ? "是" : "否"));343             int[] keys = new int[] { 15, 6, 18, 3, 7, 13, 20, 2, 9, 4 };344             for (int key : keys) {345                 bst.insert(key);346             }347             System.out.println("查找树是否为空? " + (bst.isEmpty() ? "是" : "否"));348             TreeNode minkeyNode = bst.minElemNode(bst.getRoot());349             System.out.println("最小关键字: " + minkeyNode.getKey());350             testNode(bst, minkeyNode);351             TreeNode maxKeyNode = bst.maxElemNode(bst.getRoot());352             System.out.println("最大关键字: " + maxKeyNode.getKey());353             testNode(bst, maxKeyNode);354             System.out.println("根结点关键字: " + bst.getRoot().getKey());355             testNode(bst, bst.getRoot());356             testTraverse(bst);357             System.out.println("****************************** ");358             testTraverse(bst);359         } catch (Exception e) {360             System.out.println(e.getMessage());361             e.printStackTrace();362         }363     }364 365 }