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LNMP搭建(CentOS 6.3+Nginx 1.2.0+PHP 5.3.15(fpm)+ MySQL 5.5.35)
Nginx (“engine x”) 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器,也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的,它已经在该站点运行超过三年了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。
系统环境:
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.3 (Final)
1.安装所需的第三方库
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers bison perl-CPAN
2.软件包下载并解压:
# yum -y install wget
# mkdir -p /data0/software
# cd /data0/software
# cat >>downfile<<EOF
http://www.nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.0.tar.gz
http://am1.php.net/distributions/php-5.3.28.tar.gz
http://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.5/mysql-5.5.35.tar.gz
http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.6.tgz
http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.33.tar.gz
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-3.0.1.tgz
http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
EOF
# wget -i downfile
#!/bin/bash
#filename:unpack.sh
for file in $(ls|grep ‘t*gz$\|bz2$‘);do if [[ "${file}" =~ t*gz$ ]];then tar zxf ${file} else tar jxf ${file} fi done
# chmod +x unpack.sh
#./unpack.sh
3.安装php(Fast-cgi)和mysql
3.1.编译安装PHP 5.3.28所需的支持库:
cd libiconv-1.14/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local &>/dev/null
make &>/dev/null
make install &>/dev/null
cd ../
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure &>/dev/null
make &>/dev/null
make install &>/dev/null
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install &>/dev/null
make &>/dev/null
make install &>/dev/null
cd ../../
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure &>/dev/null
make &>/dev/null
make install &>/dev/null
cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure &>/dev/null
make &>/dev/null
make install &>/dev/null
cd ../
3.2.编译安装MySQL 5.5.35
MYSQL5.5.10以上版本采用Cmake编译
# cd cmake-2.8.8 # ./bootstrap &>/dev/null # make &>/dev/null # make install &>/dev/null # cd ../ # groupadd mysql # useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql # cd mysql-5.5.35 # cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=utf8,gbk -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data0/mysql/3306/data -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DWITH_SSL=system &>/dev/null # make &>/dev/null # make install &>/dev/null # chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql # chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql # cd ../
3.3.创建my.cnf配置文件
cat >>/etc/my.cnf <<EOF [client] #character-set-server = utf8 port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld] character-set-server = utf8 replicate-ignore-db = mysql replicate-ignore-db = test replicate-ignore-db = information_schema user = mysql port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data log-error = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log pid-file = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid open_files_limit = 10240 back_log = 600 max_connections = 5000 max_connect_errors = 6000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet = 32M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 300 #thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 512M query_cache_limit = 2M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k default-storage-engine = MyISAM thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 246M max_heap_table_size = 246M long_query_time = 3 log-slave-updates log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog binlog_cache_size = 4M binlog_format = MIXED max_binlog_cache_size = 8M max_binlog_size = 1G relay-log-index = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog relay-log-info-file = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog relay-log = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog expire_logs_days = 30 key_buffer_size = 256M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover interactive_timeout = 120 wait_timeout = 120 skip-name-resolve #master-connect-retry = 10 slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396 #master-host = 192.168.1.2 #master-user = username #master-password = password #master-port = 3306 server-id = 1 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 128M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0 #log-slow-queries = /data0/mysql/3306/slow.log #long_query_time = 10 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 32M EOF
注:以下为附加步骤,如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库,则执行以下几步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库,能够连接其他服务器上的
MySQL数据库,那么,以下两步无需执行。
3.4.创建MySQL数据库存放目录
# mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/ # mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/ # mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/ # chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/
3.5.以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表:
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data --user=mysql
3.6.复制mysql管理脚本并启动服务
# cp mysql-5.5.35/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld # chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld # ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/* /usr/bin # /sbin/chkconfig --add mysqld # /sbin/chkconfig --level 2345 mysqld on # service mysqld start
3.7.编译安装PHP
# cp -frp /usr/lib64/libldap* /usr/lib/ # ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64 # ldconfig # cd php-5.3.28/ # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --enable-ftp # make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS=‘-liconv‘ # make install # cp php.ini-production /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini # cp /data0/software/php-5.3.28/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm # chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm # cd ../
3.8.编译安装PHP5扩展模块
cd memcache-2.2.6/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../ cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../ cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql make make install cd ../ cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/ ./configure make make install cd ../ cd imagick-3.0.1/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../
3.9.修改php.ini文件
# sed -i ‘s@; extension_dir = "\.\/"@extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/"@‘ /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini # sed -i ‘/^extension_dir/aextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"‘ /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini # sed -i ‘/; output_buffering/{s/; *//;n;s/; *//;s/Off/On/}‘ /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini # sed -i ‘s/;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1/cgi.fix_pathinfo=0/‘ /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
3.10.配置eAccelerator加速PHP
# mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache # cat >> /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini <<EOF [eaccelerator] zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/eaccelerator.so" eaccelerator.shm_size="64" eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache" eaccelerator.enable="1" eaccelerator.optimizer="1" eaccelerator.check_mtime="1" eaccelerator.debug="0" eaccelerator.filter="" eaccelerator.shm_max="0" eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600" eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600" eaccelerator.shm_only="0" eaccelerator.compress="1" eaccelerator.compress_level="9" EOF
3.11.创建www用户和组,以及供blog.eivll0m.com和www.eivll0m.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录
# /usr/sbin/groupadd www # /usr/sbin/useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g www www # mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog # chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog # chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog # mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www # chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www # chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www
3.12.创建php-fpm配置文件
# cat >>/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf<<EOF ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; FPM Configuration ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; All relative paths in this configuration file are relative to PHP‘s install ; prefix (/usr/local/webserver/php). This prefix can be dynamicaly changed by using the ; ‘-p‘ argument from the command line. ; Include one or more files. If glob(3) exists, it is used to include a bunch of ; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the ; file. ; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by: ; - the global prefix if it‘s been set (-p arguement) ; - /usr/local/webserver/php otherwise ;include=etc/fpm.d/*.conf ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Global Options ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; [global] ; Pid file ; Note: the default prefix is /usr/local/webserver/php/var ; Default Value: none pid = run/php-fpm.pid ; Error log file ; If it‘s set to "syslog", log is sent to syslogd instead of being written ; in a local file. ; Note: the default prefix is /usr/local/webserver/php/var ; Default Value: log/php-fpm.log error_log = log/php-fpm.log ; syslog_facility is used to specify what type of program is logging the ; message. This lets syslogd specify that messages from different facilities ; will be handled differently. ; See syslog(3) for possible values (ex daemon equiv LOG_DAEMON) ; Default Value: daemon ;syslog.facility = daemon ; syslog_ident is prepended to every message. If you have multiple FPM ; instances running on the same server, you can change the default value ; which must suit common needs. ; Default Value: php-fpm ;syslog.ident = php-fpm ; Log level ; Possible Values: alert, error, warning, notice, debug ; Default Value: notice ;log_level = notice ; If this number of child processes exit with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS within the time ; interval set by emergency_restart_interval then FPM will restart. A value ; of ‘0‘ means ‘Off‘. ; Default Value: 0 ;emergency_restart_threshold = 0 ; Interval of time used by emergency_restart_interval to determine when ; a graceful restart will be initiated. This can be useful to work around ; accidental corruptions in an accelerator‘s shared memory. ; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays) ; Default Unit: seconds ; Default Value: 0 ;emergency_restart_interval = 0 ; Time limit for child processes to wait for a reaction on signals from master. ; Available units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays) ; Default Unit: seconds ; Default Value: 0 ;process_control_timeout = 0 ; The maximum number of processes FPM will fork. This has been design to control ; the global number of processes when using dynamic PM within a lot of pools. ; Use it with caution. ; Note: A value of 0 indicates no limit ; Default Value: 0 ; process.max = 128 ; Send FPM to background. Set to ‘no‘ to keep FPM in foreground for debugging. ; Default Value: yes ;daemonize = yes ; Set open file descriptor rlimit for the master process. ; Default Value: system defined value ;rlimit_files = 1024 ; Set max core size rlimit for the master process. ; Possible Values: ‘unlimited‘ or an integer greater or equal to 0 ; Default Value: system defined value ;rlimit_core = 0 ; Specify the event mechanism FPM will use. The following is available: ; - select (any POSIX os) ; - poll (any POSIX os) ; - epoll (linux >= 2.5.44) ; - kqueue (FreeBSD >= 4.1, OpenBSD >= 2.9, NetBSD >= 2.0) ; - /dev/poll (Solaris >= 7) ; - port (Solaris >= 10) ; Default Value: not set (auto detection) ; events.mechanism = epoll ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Pool Definitions ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Multiple pools of child processes may be started with different listening ; ports and different management options. The name of the pool will be ; used in logs and stats. There is no limitation on the number of pools which ; FPM can handle. Your system will tell you anyway <img src="http://www.mamicode.com/http://blog-94qy-com.qiniudn.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif" alt=":)" class="wp-smiley"> ; Start a new pool named ‘www‘. ; the variable $pool can we used in any directive and will be replaced by the ; pool name (‘www‘ here) [www] ; Per pool prefix ; It only applies on the following directives: ; - ‘slowlog‘ ; - ‘listen‘ (unixsocket) ; - ‘chroot‘ ; - ‘chdir‘ ; - ‘php_values‘ ; - ‘php_admin_values‘ ; When not set, the global prefix (or /usr/local/webserver/php) applies instead. ; Note: This directive can also be relative to the global prefix. ; Default Value: none ;prefix = /path/to/pools/$pool ; Unix user/group of processes ; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user‘s group ; will be used. user = www group = www ; The address on which to accept FastCGI requests. ; Valid syntaxes are: ; ‘ip.add.re.ss:port‘ - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific address on ; a specific port; ; ‘port‘ - to listen on a TCP socket to all addresses on a ; specific port; ; ‘/path/to/unix/socket‘ - to listen on a unix socket. ; Note: This value is mandatory. listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 ; Set listen(2) backlog. A value of ‘-1‘ means unlimited. ; Default Value: 128 (-1 on FreeBSD and OpenBSD) ;listen.backlog = -1 ; Set permissions for unix socket, if one is used. In Linux, read/write ; permissions must be set in order to allow connections from a web server. Many ; BSD-derived systems allow connections regardless of permissions. ; Default Values: user and group are set as the running user ; mode is set to 0666 ;listen.owner = nobody ;listen.group = nobody ;listen.mode = 0666 ; List of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients which are allowed to connect. ; Equivalent to the FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment variable in the original ; PHP FCGI (5.2.2+). Makes sense only with a tcp listening socket. Each address ; must be separated by a comma. If this value is left blank, connections will be ; accepted from any ip address. ; Default Value: any ;listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1 ; Choose how the process manager will control the number of child processes. ; Possible Values: ; static - a fixed number (pm.max_children) of child processes; ; dynamic - the number of child processes are set dynamically based on the ; following directives. With this process management, there will be ; always at least 1 children. ; pm.max_children - the maximum number of children that can ; be alive at the same time. ; pm.start_servers - the number of children created on startup. ; pm.min_spare_servers - the minimum number of children in ‘idle‘ ; state (waiting to process). If the number ; of ‘idle‘ processes is less than this ; number then some children will be created. ; pm.max_spare_servers - the maximum number of children in ‘idle‘ ; state (waiting to process). If the number ; of ‘idle‘ processes is greater than this ; number then some children will be killed. ; ondemand - no children are created at startup. Children will be forked when ; new requests will connect. The following parameter are used: ; pm.max_children - the maximum number of children that ; can be alive at the same time. ; pm.process_idle_timeout - The number of seconds after which ; an idle process will be killed. ; Note: This value is mandatory. pm = dynamic ; The number of child processes to be created when pm is set to ‘static‘ and the ; maximum number of child processes when pm is set to ‘dynamic‘ or ‘ondemand‘. ; This value sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be ; served. Equivalent to the ApacheMaxClients directive with mpm_prefork. ; Equivalent to the PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment variable in the original PHP ; CGI. The below defaults are based on a server without much resources. Don‘t ; forget to tweak pm.* to fit your needs. ; Note: Used when pm is set to ‘static‘, ‘dynamic‘ or ‘ondemand‘ ; Note: This value is mandatory. pm.max_children = 128 ; The number of child processes created on startup. ; Note: Used only when pm is set to ‘dynamic‘ ; Default Value: min_spare_servers + (max_spare_servers - min_spare_servers) / 2 pm.start_servers = 2 ; The desired minimum number of idle server processes. ; Note: Used only when pm is set to ‘dynamic‘ ; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to ‘dynamic‘ pm.min_spare_servers = 1 ; The desired maximum number of idle server processes. ; Note: Used only when pm is set to ‘dynamic‘ ; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to ‘dynamic‘ pm.max_spare_servers = 128 ; The number of seconds after which an idle process will be killed. ; Note: Used only when pm is set to ‘ondemand‘ ; Default Value: 10s ;pm.process_idle_timeout = 10s; ; The number of requests each child process should execute before respawning. ; This can be useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries. For ; endless request processing specify ‘0‘. Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS. ; Default Value: 0 ;pm.max_requests = 500 ; The URI to view the FPM status page. If this value is not set, no URI will be ; recognized as a status page. It shows the following informations: ; pool - the name of the pool; ; process manager - static, dynamic or ondemand; ; start time - the date and time FPM has started; ; start since - number of seconds since FPM has started; ; accepted conn - the number of request accepted by the pool; ; listen queue - the number of request in the queue of pending ; connections (see backlog in listen(2)); ; max listen queue - the maximum number of requests in the queue ; of pending connections since FPM has started; ; listen queue len - the size of the socket queue of pending connections; ; idle processes - the number of idle processes; ; active processes - the number of active processes; ; total processes - the number of idle + active processes; ; max active processes - the maximum number of active processes since FPM ; has started; ; max children reached - number of times, the process limit has been reached, ; when pm tries to start more children (works only for ; pm ‘dynamic‘ and ‘ondemand‘); ; Value are updated in real time. ; Example output: ; pool: www ; process manager: static ; start time: 01/Jul/2011:17:53:49 +0200 ; start since: 62636 ; accepted conn: 190460 ; listen queue: 0 ; max listen queue: 1 ; listen queue len: 42 ; idle processes: 4 ; active processes: 11 ; total processes: 15 ; max active processes: 12 ; max children reached: 0 ; ; By default the status page output is formatted as text/plain. Passing either ; ‘html‘, ‘xml‘ or ‘json‘ in the query string will return the corresponding ; output syntax. Example: ; http://www.foo.bar/status ; http://www.foo.bar/status?json ; http://www.foo.bar/status?html ; http://www.foo.bar/status?xml ; ; By default the status page only outputs short status. Passing ‘full‘ in the ; query string will also return status for each pool process. ; Example: ; http://www.foo.bar/status?full ; http://www.foo.bar/status?json&full ; http://www.foo.bar/status?html&full ; http://www.foo.bar/status?xml&full ; The Full status returns for each process: ; pid - the PID of the process; ; state - the state of the process (Idle, Running, ...); ; start time - the date and time the process has started; ; start since - the number of seconds since the process has started; ; requests - the number of requests the process has served; ; request duration - the duration in 缁?of the requests; ; request method - the request method (GET, POST, ...); ; request URI - the request URI with the query string; ; content length - the content length of the request (only with POST); ; user - the user (PHP_AUTH_USER) (or ‘-‘ if not set); ; script - the main script called (or ‘-‘ if not set); ; last request cpu - the %cpu the last request consumed ; it‘s always 0 if the process is not in Idle state ; because CPU calculation is done when the request ; processing has terminated; ; last request memory - the max amount of memory the last request consumed ; it‘s always 0 if the process is not in Idle state ; because memory calculation is done when the request ; processing has terminated; ; If the process is in Idle state, then informations are related to the ; last request the process has served. Otherwise informations are related to ; the current request being served. ; Example output: ; ************************ ; pid: 31330 ; state: Running ; start time: 01/Jul/2011:17:53:49 +0200 ; start since: 63087 ; requests: 12808 ; request duration: 1250261 ; request method: GET ; request URI: /test_mem.php?N=10000 ; content length: 0 ; user: - ; script: /home/fat/web/docs/php/test_mem.php ; last request cpu: 0.00 ; last request memory: 0 ; ; Note: There is a real-time FPM status monitoring sample web page available ; It‘s available in: /usr/local/webserver/php/share/php/fpm/status.html ; ; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be ; anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it ; may conflict with a real PHP file. ; Default Value: not set ;pm.status_path = /status ; The ping URI to call the monitoring page of FPM. If this value is not set, no ; URI will be recognized as a ping page. This could be used to test from outside ; that FPM is alive and responding, or to ; - create a graph of FPM availability (rrd or such); ; - remove a server from a group if it is not responding (load balancing); ; - trigger alerts for the operating team (24/7). ; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be ; anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it ; may conflict with a real PHP file. ; Default Value: not set ;ping.path = /ping ; This directive may be used to customize the response of a ping request. The ; response is formatted as text/plain with a 200 response code. ; Default Value: pong ;ping.response = pong ; The access log file ; Default: not set ;access.log = log/$pool.access.log ; The access log format. ; The following syntax is allowed ; %%: the ‘%‘ character ; %C: %CPU used by the request ; it can accept the following format: ; - %{user}C for user CPU only ; - %{system}C for system CPU only ; - %{total}C for user + system CPU (default) ; %d: time taken to serve the request ; it can accept the following format: ; - %{seconds}d (default) ; - %{miliseconds}d ; - %{mili}d ; - %{microseconds}d ; - %{micro}d ; %e: an environment variable (same as $_ENV or $_SERVER) ; it must be associated with embraces to specify the name of the env ; variable. Some exemples: ; - server specifics like: %{REQUEST_METHOD}e or %{SERVER_PROTOCOL}e ; - HTTP headers like: %{HTTP_HOST}e or %{HTTP_USER_AGENT}e ; %f: script filename ; %l: content-length of the request (for POST request only) ; %m: request method ; %M: peak of memory allocated by PHP ; it can accept the following format: ; - %{bytes}M (default) ; - %{kilobytes}M ; - %{kilo}M ; - %{megabytes}M ; - %{mega}M ; %n: pool name ; %o: ouput header ; it must be associated with embraces to specify the name of the header: ; - %{Content-Type}o ; - %{X-Powered-By}o ; - %{Transfert-Encoding}o ; - .... ; %p: PID of the child that serviced the request ; %P: PID of the parent of the child that serviced the request ; %q: the query string ; %Q: the ‘?‘ character if query string exists ; %r: the request URI (without the query string, see %q and %Q) ; %R: remote IP address ; %s: status (response code) ; %t: server time the request was received ; it can accept a strftime(3) format: ; %d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z (default) ; %T: time the log has been written (the request has finished) ; it can accept a strftime(3) format: ; %d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z (default) ; %u: remote user ; ; Default: "%R - %u %t \"%m %r\" %s" ;access.format = %R - %u %t "%m %r%Q%q" %s %f %{mili}d %{kilo}M %C%% ; The log file for slow requests ; Default Value: not set ; Note: slowlog is mandatory if request_slowlog_timeout is set ;slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow ; The timeout for serving a single request after which a PHP backtrace will be ; dumped to the ‘slowlog‘ file. A value of ‘0s‘ means ‘off‘. ; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays) ; Default Value: 0 ;request_slowlog_timeout = 0 ; The timeout for serving a single request after which the worker process will ; be killed. This option should be used when the ‘max_execution_time‘ ini option ; does not stop script execution for some reason. A value of ‘0‘ means ‘off‘. ; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays) ; Default Value: 0 ;request_terminate_timeout = 0 ; Set open file descriptor rlimit. ; Default Value: system defined value ;rlimit_files = 1024 ; Set max core size rlimit. ; Possible Values: ‘unlimited‘ or an integer greater or equal to 0 ; Default Value: system defined value ;rlimit_core = 0 ; Chroot to this directory at the start. This value must be defined as an ; absolute path. When this value is not set, chroot is not used. ; Note: you can prefix with ‘$prefix‘ to chroot to the pool prefix or one ; of its subdirectories. If the pool prefix is not set, the global prefix ; will be used instead. ; Note: chrooting is a great security feature and should be used whenever ; possible. However, all PHP paths will be relative to the chroot ; (error_log, sessions.save_path, ...). ; Default Value: not set ;chroot = ; Chdir to this directory at the start. ; Note: relative path can be used. ; Default Value: current directory or / when chroot ;chdir = /var/www ; Redirect worker stdout and stderr into main error log. If not set, stdout and ; stderr will be redirected to /dev/null according to FastCGI specs. ; Note: on highloaded environement, this can cause some delay in the page ; process time (several ms). ; Default Value: no ;catch_workers_output = yes ; Limits the extensions of the main script FPM will allow to parse. This can ; prevent configuration mistakes on the web server side. You should only limit ; FPM to .php extensions to prevent malicious users to use other extensions to ; exectute php code. ; Note: set an empty value to allow all extensions. ; Default Value: .php ;security.limit_extensions = .php .php3 .php4 .php5 ; Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH. All $VARIABLEs are taken from ; the current environment. ; Default Value: clean env ;env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME ;env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin ;env[TMP] = /tmp ;env[TMPDIR] = /tmp ;env[TEMP] = /tmp ; Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers. These settings ; overwrite the values previously defined in the php.ini. The directives are the ; same as the PHP SAPI: ; php_value/php_flag - you can set classic ini defines which can ; be overwritten from PHP call ‘ini_set‘. ; php_admin_value/php_admin_flag - these directives won‘t be overwritten by ; PHP call ‘ini_set‘ ; For php_*flag, valid values are on, off, 1, 0, true, false, yes or no. ; Defining ‘extension‘ will load the corresponding shared extension from ; extension_dir. Defining ‘disable_functions‘ or ‘disable_classes‘ will not ; overwrite previously defined php.ini values, but will append the new value ; instead. ; Note: path INI options can be relative and will be expanded with the prefix ; (pool, global or /usr/local/webserver/php) ; Default Value: nothing is defined by default except the values in php.ini and ; specified at startup with the -d argument ;php_admin_value[sendmail_path] = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i -f www@my.domain.com ;php_flag[display_errors] = off ;php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/fpm-php.www.log ;php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on ;php_admin_value[memory_limit] = 32M EOF
3.13.启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的9000端口,进程数为2,最大进程数为128(如果服务器内存小于3GB,可以只开启64个进程),用户为www
# ulimit -SHn 65535
# /etc/init.d/php-fpm start
注/etc/init.d/php-fpm还有其他参数,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi,重新加载配置文件使用reload。
4.安装Nginx
4.1.安装Nginx所需的pcre库
# cd pcre-8.33 ./configure &>/dev/null make &>/dev/null make install &>/dev/null cd ../
4.2.安装Nginx1.2.0
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1 /lib64 # cd nginx-1.2.0/ # ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module # make &>/dev/null # make install # cd ../
4.3.创建Nginx日志目录
# mkdir -p /data1/logs # chmod +w /data1/logs # chown -R www:www /data1/logs
4.4.创建Nginx配置文件
# >/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# cat >>/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf <<\EOF user www www; worker_processes 8; error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit; pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid; #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; events { use epoll; worker_connections 65535; }
http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #charset gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 8m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 60; tcp_nodelay on; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m; log_format access ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘ ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘ ‘"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for‘; log_format wwwlogs ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘ ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘ ‘"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for‘; server { listen 80; server_name 172.16.10.72; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /data0/htdocs/blog; #limit_conn crawler 20; location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi.conf; } location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ { expires 30d; } location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ { expires 1h; } access_log /data1/logs/access.log access; } server { listen 80; server_name www.evill0m.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /data0/htdocs/www; location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi.conf; } access_log /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs; } server { listen 80; server_name status.hosts.eivll0m.com; location / { stub_status on; access_log off; } } } EOF
4.5.启动nginx
# ulimit -SHn 65535
# echo "ulimit -SHn 65535" >>/etc/rc.local
# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
4.6.创建nginx启动脚本
cat >>/etc/init.d/nginx<<\EOF #!/bin/bash # # Startup script for the Nginx # chkconfig: - 88 63 # description: Nginx is a free,open-source,high-performance HTTP Server and reverse proxy. # program:/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx # config:/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf # pidfile:/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid # Synopsis: # nginx [--help] [--version] {start|stop|restart|reload|status|update} # Define variable nginx=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx pidfile=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid PROGRAM=`basename $0` VERSION=1.0 # Functions usage(){ echo "Usage: $PROGRAM [--help] [--version] {start|stop|restart|reload|status|update}" } version(){ echo "Version:$VERSION" } start(){ if [ -e $pidfile ] then echo "Nginx already running..." else echo -e "Starting Nginx:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\c" /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx echo -e "[ \c" echo -e "\033[0;32mOK\033[0m\c" echo -e " ]\c" echo -e "\r" fi } stop(){ if [ -e $pidfile ] then echo -e "Stopping Nginx:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\c" kill -TERM `cat ${pidfile}` echo -e "[ \c" echo -e "\033[0;32mOK\033[0m\c" echo -e " ]\c" echo -e "\r" else echo "Nginx already stopped..." fi } reload(){ if [ -e $pidfile ] then echo -e "Reloading Nginx:\t\t\t\t\t\t\c" kill -HUP `cat ${pidfile}` echo -e "[ \c" echo -e "\033[0;32mOK\033[0m\c" echo -e " ]\c" echo -e "\r" else echo "Nginx is not running..." fi } status(){ if [ -e $pidfile ] then PID=`cat $pidfile` echo "Nginx (pid $PID) is running..." else echo "Nginx is stopped" fi } update(){ if [ -e $pidfile ] then echo -e "Updateing Nginx:\t\t\t\t\t\t\c" kill -USR2 `cat ${pidfile}` echo -e "[ \c" echo -e "\033[0;32mOK\033[0m\c" echo -e " ]\c" echo -e "\r" else echo "Nginx is not running..." fi } if [ $# -gt 0 ] then case $1 in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) stop start ;; reload) reload ;; status) status ;; update) update ;; --help) usage ;; --version) version ;; *) usage esac else usage fi EOF # chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx # chkconfig --add nginx
4.6.优化Linux内核参数
# cat >>/etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF #Add net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768 net.core.somaxconn = 32768 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 #net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800 #net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30 #net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535 EOF # /sbin/sysctl -p # modprobe bridge # echo "modprobe bridge" >> /etc/rc.local
修改系统文件打数
# cat >>/etc/security/limits.conf<<EOF * - nproc 102400 * - nofile 102400 EOF
4.7.创建测试页面
# echo "hello nginx" >/data0/htdocs/blog/index.html # cat >>/data0/htdocs/blog/phpinfo.php <<EOF <?php phpinfo (); ?> EOF # cat >>/data0/htdocs/blog/index.php <<\EOF <?php $link=mysql_connect(‘localhost‘,‘root‘,‘‘); if ($link) echo "Successfuly"; else echo "Faile"; mysql_close(); EOF
4.8.验证
4.9.平滑变更Nginx配置
4.9.1.修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后,请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确
# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
4.9.2.平滑重启
# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
4.10.定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
4.10.1创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
# cat >>/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh <<\EOF #!/bin/bash # This script run at 00:00 # The Nginx logs path logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/" mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/ mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid` EOF
4.10.2.设置crontab,每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
# crontab -e 00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh