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使用HttpClient实现文件的上传下载
1 HTTP
HTTP 协议可能是现在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的协议了,越来越多的 Java 应用程序需要直接通过 HTTP 协议来访问网络资源。
虽然在 JDK 的 java.net 包中已经提供了访问 HTTP 协议的基本功能,但是对于大部分应用程序来说,JDK 库本身提供的功能还不够丰富和灵活。HttpClient 用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。
一般的情况下我们都是使用Chrome或者其他浏览器来访问一个WEB服务器,用来浏览页面查看信息或者提交一些数据、文件上传下载等等。所访问的这些页面有的仅仅是一些普通的页面,有的需要用户登录后方可使用,或者需要认证以及是一些通过加密方式传输,例如HTTPS。目前我们使用的浏览器处理这些情况都不会构成问题。但是一旦我们有需求不通过浏览器来访问服务器的资源呢?那该怎么办呢?
下面以本地客户端发起文件的上传、下载为例做个小Demo。HttpClient有两种形式,一种是org.apache.http下的,一种是org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient。
2 文件上传
文件上传可以使用两种方式实现,一种是PostMethod方式,一种是HttpPost方式。两者的处理大同小异。PostMethod是使用FileBody将文件包装流包装起来,HttpPost是使用FilePart将文件流包装起来。在传递文件流给服务端的时候,都可以同时传递其他的参数。
2.1 客户端处理
2.1.1 PostMethod方式
将文件封装到FilePart中,放入Part数组,同时,其他参数可以放入StringPart中,这里没有写,只是单纯的将参数以setParameter的方式进行设置。此处的HttpClient是org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient。
1 public void upload(String localFile){ 2 File file = new File(localFile); 3 PostMethod filePost = new PostMethod(URL_STR); 4 HttpClient client = new HttpClient(); 5 6 try { 7 // 通过以下方法可以模拟页面参数提交 8 filePost.setParameter("userName", userName); 9 filePost.setParameter("passwd", passwd);10 11 Part[] parts = { new FilePart(file.getName(), file) };12 filePost.setRequestEntity(new MultipartRequestEntity(parts, filePost.getParams()));13 14 client.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(5000);15 16 int status = client.executeMethod(filePost);17 if (status == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {18 System.out.println("上传成功");19 } else {20 System.out.println("上传失败");21 }22 } catch (Exception ex) {23 ex.printStackTrace();24 } finally {25 filePost.releaseConnection();26 }27 }
记得搞完之后,要通过releaseConnection释放连接。
2.1.2 HttpPost方式
这种方式,与上面类似,只不过变成了FileBody。上面的Part数组在这里对应HttpEntity。此处的HttpClient是org.apache.http.client.methods下的。
1 public void upload(String localFile){ 2 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null; 3 CloseableHttpResponse response = null; 4 try { 5 httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 6 7 // 把一个普通参数和文件上传给下面这个地址 是一个servlet 8 HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(URL_STR); 9 10 // 把文件转换成流对象FileBody11 FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File(localFile));12 13 StringBody userName = new StringBody("Scott", ContentType.create(14 "text/plain", Consts.UTF_8));15 StringBody password = new StringBody("123456", ContentType.create(16 "text/plain", Consts.UTF_8));17 18 HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create()19 // 相当于<input type="file" name="file"/>20 .addPart("file", bin)21 22 // 相当于<input type="text" name="userName" value=http://www.mamicode.com/userName>"userName", userName)24 .addPart("pass", password)25 .build();26 27 httpPost.setEntity(reqEntity);28 29 // 发起请求 并返回请求的响应30 response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);31 32 System.out.println("The response value of token:" + response.getFirstHeader("token"));33 34 // 获取响应对象35 HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();36 if (resEntity != null) {37 // 打印响应长度38 System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());39 // 打印响应内容40 System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, Charset.forName("UTF-8")));41 }42 43 // 销毁44 EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);45 }catch (Exception e){46 e.printStackTrace();47 }finally {48 try {49 if(response != null){50 response.close();51 }52 } catch (IOException e) {53 e.printStackTrace();54 }55 56 try {57 if(httpClient != null){58 httpClient.close();59 }60 } catch (IOException e) {61 e.printStackTrace();62 }63 }64 }
2.2 服务端处理
无论客户端是哪种上传方式,服务端的处理都是一样的。在通过HttpServletRequest获得参数之后,把得到的Item进行分类,分为普通的表单和File表单。
通过ServletFileUpload 可以设置上传文件的大小及编码格式等。
总之,服务端的处理是把得到的参数当做HTML表单进行处理的。
1 public void processUpload(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){ 2 File uploadFile = new File(uploadPath); 3 if (!uploadFile.exists()) { 4 uploadFile.mkdirs(); 5 } 6 7 System.out.println("Come on, baby ......."); 8 9 request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); 10 response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); 11 12 //检测是不是存在上传文件 13 boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request); 14 15 if(isMultipart){ 16 DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); 17 18 //指定在内存中缓存数据大小,单位为byte,这里设为1Mb 19 factory.setSizeThreshold(1024*1024); 20 21 //设置一旦文件大小超过getSizeThreshold()的值时数据存放在硬盘的目录 22 factory.setRepository(new File("D:\\temp")); 23 24 // Create a new file upload handler 25 ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); 26 27 // 指定单个上传文件的最大尺寸,单位:字节,这里设为50Mb 28 upload.setFileSizeMax(50 * 1024 * 1024); 29 30 //指定一次上传多个文件的总尺寸,单位:字节,这里设为50Mb 31 upload.setSizeMax(50 * 1024 * 1024); 32 upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8");33 34 List<FileItem> items = null; 35 36 try { 37 // 解析request请求 38 items = upload.parseRequest(request); 39 } catch (FileUploadException e) { 40 e.printStackTrace(); 41 } 42 43 if(items!=null){ 44 //解析表单项目 45 Iterator<FileItem> iter = items.iterator(); 46 while (iter.hasNext()) { 47 FileItem item = iter.next(); 48 49 //如果是普通表单属性 50 if (item.isFormField()) { 51 //相当于input的name属性 <input type="text" name="content"> 52 String name = item.getFieldName();53 54 //input的value属性 55 String value = http://www.mamicode.com/item.getString();"属性:" + name + " 属性值:" + value); 58 } 59 //如果是上传文件 60 else { 61 //属性名 62 String fieldName = item.getFieldName(); 63 64 //上传文件路径 65 String fileName = item.getName(); 66 fileName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);// 获得上传文件的文件名 67 68 try { 69 item.write(new File(uploadPath, fileName)); 70 } catch (Exception e) { 71 e.printStackTrace(); 72 } 73 } 74 } 75 } 76 } 77 78 response.addHeader("token", "hello");79 }
服务端在处理之后,可以在Header中设置返回给客户端的简单信息。如果返回客户端是一个流的话,流的大小必须提前设置!
response.setContentLength((int) file.length());
3 文件下载
文件的下载可以使用HttpClient的GetMethod实现,还可以使用HttpGet方式、原始的HttpURLConnection方式。
3.1 客户端处理
3.1.1 GetMethod方式
此处的HttpClient是org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient。
1 public void downLoad(String remoteFileName, String localFileName) { 2 HttpClient client = new HttpClient(); 3 GetMethod get = null; 4 FileOutputStream output = null; 5 6 try { 7 get = new GetMethod(URL_STR); 8 get.setRequestHeader("userName", userName); 9 get.setRequestHeader("passwd", passwd);10 get.setRequestHeader("fileName", remoteFileName);11 12 int i = client.executeMethod(get);13 14 if (SUCCESS == i) {15 System.out.println("The response value of token:" + get.getResponseHeader("token"));16 17 File storeFile = new File(localFileName);18 output = new FileOutputStream(storeFile);19 20 // 得到网络资源的字节数组,并写入文件21 output.write(get.getResponseBody());22 } else {23 System.out.println("DownLoad file occurs exception, the error code is :" + i);24 }25 } catch (Exception e) {26 e.printStackTrace();27 } finally {28 try {29 if(output != null){30 output.close();31 }32 } catch (IOException e) {33 e.printStackTrace();34 }35 36 get.releaseConnection();37 client.getHttpConnectionManager().closeIdleConnections(0);38 }39 }
3.1.2 HttpGet方式
此处的HttpClient是org.apache.http.client.methods下的。
1 public void downLoad(String remoteFileName, String localFileName) { 2 DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); 3 OutputStream out = null; 4 InputStream in = null; 5 6 try { 7 HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(URL_STR); 8 9 httpGet.addHeader("userName", userName);10 httpGet.addHeader("passwd", passwd);11 httpGet.addHeader("fileName", remoteFileName);12 13 HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);14 HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();15 in = entity.getContent();16 17 long length = entity.getContentLength();18 if (length <= 0) {19 System.out.println("下载文件不存在!");20 return;21 }22 23 System.out.println("The response value of token:" + httpResponse.getFirstHeader("token"));24 25 File file = new File(localFileName);26 if(!file.exists()){27 file.createNewFile();28 }29 30 out = new FileOutputStream(file); 31 byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];32 int readLength = 0;33 while ((readLength=in.read(buffer)) > 0) {34 byte[] bytes = new byte[readLength];35 System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, bytes, 0, readLength);36 out.write(bytes);37 }38 39 out.flush();40 41 } catch (IOException e) {42 e.printStackTrace();43 } catch (Exception e) {44 e.printStackTrace();45 }finally{46 try {47 if(in != null){48 in.close();49 }50 } catch (IOException e) {51 e.printStackTrace();52 }53 54 try {55 if(out != null){56 out.close();57 }58 } catch (IOException e) {59 e.printStackTrace();60 }61 }62 }
3.1.3 HttpURLConnection方式
1 public void download3(String remoteFileName, String localFileName) { 2 FileOutputStream out = null; 3 InputStream in = null; 4 5 try{ 6 URL url = new URL(URL_STR); 7 URLConnection urlConnection = url.openConnection(); 8 HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) urlConnection; 9 10 // true -- will setting parameters11 httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);12 // true--will allow read in from13 httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);14 // will not use caches15 httpURLConnection.setUseCaches(false);16 // setting serialized17 httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/x-java-serialized-object");18 // default is GET 19 httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");20 httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");21 httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Charsert", "UTF-8");22 // 1 min23 httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(60000);24 // 1 min25 httpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(60000);26 27 httpURLConnection.addRequestProperty("userName", userName);28 httpURLConnection.addRequestProperty("passwd", passwd);29 httpURLConnection.addRequestProperty("fileName", remoteFileName);30 31 // connect to server (tcp)32 httpURLConnection.connect();33 34 in = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();// send request to35 // server36 File file = new File(localFileName);37 if(!file.exists()){38 file.createNewFile();39 }40 41 out = new FileOutputStream(file); 42 byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];43 int readLength = 0;44 while ((readLength=in.read(buffer)) > 0) {45 byte[] bytes = new byte[readLength];46 System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, bytes, 0, readLength);47 out.write(bytes);48 }49 50 out.flush();51 }catch(Exception e){52 e.printStackTrace();53 }finally{54 try {55 if(in != null){56 in.close();57 }58 } catch (IOException e) {59 e.printStackTrace();60 }61 62 try {63 if(out != null){64 out.close();65 }66 } catch (IOException e) {67 e.printStackTrace();68 }69 }70 }
3.2 服务端处理
尽管客户端的处理方式不同,但是服务端是一样的。
1 public void processDownload(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){ 2 int BUFFER_SIZE = 4096; 3 InputStream in = null; 4 OutputStream out = null; 5 6 System.out.println("Come on, baby ......."); 7 8 try{ 9 request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); 10 response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); 11 response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");12 13 String userName = request.getHeader("userName");14 String passwd = request.getHeader("passwd");15 String fileName = request.getHeader("fileName");16 17 System.out.println("userName:" + userName);18 System.out.println("passwd:" + passwd);19 System.out.println("fileName:" + fileName);20 21 //可以根据传递来的userName和passwd做进一步处理,比如验证请求是否合法等 23 File file = new File(downloadPath + "\\" + fileName);24 response.setContentLength((int) file.length());25 response.setHeader("Accept-Ranges", "bytes");26 27 int readLength = 0;28 29 in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file), BUFFER_SIZE);30 out = new BufferedOutputStream(response.getOutputStream());31 32 byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];33 while ((readLength=in.read(buffer)) > 0) {34 byte[] bytes = new byte[readLength];35 System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, bytes, 0, readLength);36 out.write(bytes);37 }38 39 out.flush();40 41 response.addHeader("token", "hello 1");42 43 }catch(Exception e){44 e.printStackTrace();45 response.addHeader("token", "hello 2");46 }finally {47 if (in != null) {48 try {49 in.close();50 } catch (IOException e) {51 }52 }53 if (out != null) {54 try {55 out.close();56 } catch (IOException e) {57 }58 }59 }60 }
4 小结
HttpClient最基本的功能就是执行Http方法。一个Http方法的执行涉及到一个或者多个Http请求/Http响应的交互,通常这个过程都会自动被HttpClient处理,对用户透明。用户只需要提供Http请求对象,HttpClient就会将http请求发送给目标服务器,并且接收服务器的响应,如果http请求执行不成功,httpclient就会抛出异常。所以在写代码的时候注意finally的处理。
所有的Http请求都有一个请求列(request line),包括方法名、请求的URI和Http版本号。HttpClient支持HTTP/1.1这个版本定义的所有Http方法:GET,HEAD,POST,PUT,DELETE,TRACE和OPTIONS。上面的上传用到了Post,下载是Get。
目前来说,使用org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient多一些。看自己了~
使用HttpClient实现文件的上传下载