首页 > 代码库 > DOM
DOM
文档对象模型（Document Object Model，DOM）是一种用于HTML和XML文档的编程接口。它给文档提供了一种结构化的表示方法，可以改变文档的内容和呈现方式。我们最为关心的是，DOM把网页和脚本以及其他的编程语言联系了起来。DOM属于浏览器，而不是JavaScript语言规范里的规定的核心内容。
一、查找元素
1、直接查找
?
1 2 3 4 | document.getElementById 根据ID获取一个标签document.getElementsByName 根据name属性获取标签集合document.getElementsByClassName 根据class属性获取标签集合document.getElementsByTagName 根据标签名获取标签集合 |
2、间接查找
?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | parentNode // 父节点childNodes // 所有子节点firstChild // 第一个子节点lastChild // 最后一个子节点nextSibling // 下一个兄弟节点previousSibling // 上一个兄弟节点parentElement // 父节点标签元素children // 所有子标签firstElementChild // 第一个子标签元素lastElementChild // 最后一个子标签元素nextElementtSibling // 下一个兄弟标签元素previousElementSibling // 上一个兄弟标签元素 |
二、操作
1、内容
?
1 2 3 4 5 | innerText 文本outerTextinnerHTML HTML内容innerHTML value 值 |
2、属性
?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | attributes // 获取所有标签属性setAttribute(key,value) // 设置标签属性getAttribute(key) // 获取指定标签属性/*var atr = document.createAttribute("class");atr.nodeValue="http://www.mamicode.com/democlass";document.getElementById(‘n1‘).setAttributeNode(atr);*/ |
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title></head><body> <input type="button" value=http://www.mamicode.com/"全选" onclick="CheckAll();"/> <input type="button" value=http://www.mamicode.com/"取消" onclick="CancelAll();"/> <input type="button" value=http://www.mamicode.com/"反选" onclick="ReverseCheck();"/> <table border="1" > <thead> </thead> <tbody id="tb"> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" /></td> <td>111</td> <td>222</td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" /></td> <td>111</td> <td>222</td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" /></td> <td>111</td> <td>222</td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" /></td> <td>111</td> <td>222</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <script> function CheckAll(ths){ var tb = document.getElementById(‘tb‘); var trs = tb.childNodes; for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){ var current_tr = trs[i]; if(current_tr.nodeType==1){ var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName(‘input‘)[0]; inp.checked = true; } } } function CancelAll(ths){ var tb = document.getElementById(‘tb‘); var trs = tb.childNodes; for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){ var current_tr = trs[i]; if(current_tr.nodeType==1){ var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName(‘input‘)[0]; inp.checked = false; } } } function ReverseCheck(ths){ var tb = document.getElementById(‘tb‘); var trs = tb.childNodes; for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){ var current_tr = trs[i]; if(current_tr.nodeType==1){ var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName(‘input‘)[0]; if(inp.checked){ inp.checked = false; }else{ inp.checked = true; } } } } </script></body></html>3、class操作
?
1 2 3 | className // 获取所有类名classList.remove(cls) // 删除指定类classList.add(cls) // 添加类 |
4、标签操作
a.创建标签
?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | // 方式一var tag = document.createElement(‘a‘)tag.innerText = "wupeiqi"tag.className = "c1"tag.href = http://www.mamicode.com/"http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi"// 方式二var tag = "<a class=‘c1‘ href=http://www.mamicode.com/‘http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi‘>wupeiqi" |
b.操作标签
?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | // 方式一var obj = "<input type=‘text‘ />";xxx.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeEnd",obj);xxx.insertAdjacentElement(‘afterBegin‘,document.createElement(‘p‘))//注意：第一个参数只能是‘beforeBegin‘、 ‘afterBegin‘、 ‘beforeEnd‘、 ‘afterEnd‘// 方式二var tag = document.createElement(‘a‘)xxx.appendChild(tag)xxx.insertBefore(tag,xxx[1]) |
5、样式操作
?
1 2 3 4 | var obj = document.getElementById(‘i1‘)obj.style.fontSize = "32px";obj.style.backgroundColor = "red"; |
<input onfocus="Focus(this);" onblur="Blur(this);" id="search" value=http://www.mamicode.com/"请输入关键字" style="color: gray;" /> <script> function Focus(ths){ ths.style.color = "black"; if(ths.value =http://www.mamicode.com/= ‘请输入关键字‘ || ths.value.trim() == ""){ ths.value = http://www.mamicode.com/""; } } function Blur(ths){ if(ths.value.trim() == ""){ ths.value = http://www.mamicode.com/‘请输入关键字‘; ths.style.color = ‘gray‘; }else{ ths.style.color = "black"; } } </script>6、位置操作
?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 | 总文档高度document.documentElement.offsetHeight 当前文档占屏幕高度document.documentElement.clientHeight 自身高度tag.offsetHeight 距离上级定位高度tag.offsetTop 父定位标签tag.offsetParent 滚动高度tag.scrollTop/* clientHeight -> 可见区域：height + padding clientTop -> border高度 offsetHeight -> 可见区域：height + padding + border offsetTop -> 上级定位标签的高度 scrollHeight -> 全文高：height + padding scrollTop -> 滚动高度 特别的： document.documentElement代指文档根节点*/ |
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title></head><body style="margin: 0;"> <div style="height: 900px;"> </div> <div style="padding: 10px;"> <div id="i1" style="height:190px;padding: 2px;border: 1px solid red;margin: 8px;"> <p>asdf</p> <p>asdf</p> <p>asdf</p> <p>asdf</p> <p>asdf</p> </div> </div> <script> var i1 = document.getElementById(‘i1‘); console.log(i1.clientHeight); // 可见区域：height + padding console.log(i1.clientTop); // border高度 console.log(‘=====‘); console.log(i1.offsetHeight); // 可见区域：height + padding + border console.log(i1.offsetTop); // 上级定位标签的高度 console.log(‘=====‘); console.log(i1.scrollHeight); //全文高：height + padding console.log(i1.scrollTop); // 滚动高度 console.log(‘=====‘); </script></body></html><!DOCTYPE html><html><head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title></head><style> body{ margin: 0px; } img { border: 0; } ul{ padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; } .clearfix:after { content: "."; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; } .wrap{ width: 980px; margin: 0 auto; } .pg-header{ background-color: #303a40; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); } .pg-header .logo{ float: left; padding:5px 10px 5px 0px; } .pg-header .logo img{ vertical-align: middle; width: 110px; height: 40px; } .pg-header .nav{ line-height: 50px; } .pg-header .nav ul li{ float: left; } .pg-header .nav ul li a{ display: block; color: #ccc; padding: 0 20px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14px; } .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body{ } .pg-body .catalog{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 200px; background-color: #fafafa; bottom: 0px; } .pg-body .catalog.fixed{ position: fixed; top:10px; } .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body .content{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 700px; margin-left: 210px; background-color: #fafafa; overflow: auto; } .pg-body .content .section{ height: 500px; }</style><body onscroll="ScrollEvent();"><div class="pg-header"> <div class="wrap clearfix"> <div class="logo"> <a href=http://www.mamicode.com/"#"> <img src=http://www.mamicode.com/"http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn"> </a> </div> <div class="nav"> <ul> <li> <a href=http://www.mamicode.com/"#">首页</a> </li> <li> <a href=http://www.mamicode.com/"#">功能一</a> </li> <li> <a href=http://www.mamicode.com/"#">功能二</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div></div><div class="pg-body"> <div class="wrap"> <div class="catalog"> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div> </div> <div class="content"> <div menu="function1" class="section"> <h1>第一章</h1> </div> <div menu="function2" class="section"> <h1>第二章</h1> </div> <div menu="function3" class="section"> <h1>第三章</h1> </div> </div> </div></div> <script> function ScrollEvent(){ var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop; if(bodyScrollTop>50){ document.getElementsByClassName(‘catalog‘)[0].classList.add(‘fixed‘); }else{ document.getElementsByClassName(‘catalog‘)[0].classList.remove(‘fixed‘); } } </script></body></html><!DOCTYPE html><html><head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title></head><style> body{ margin: 0px; } img { border: 0; } ul{ padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; } h1{ padding: 0; margin: 0; } .clearfix:after { content: "."; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; } .wrap{ width: 980px; margin: 0 auto; } .pg-header{ background-color: #303a40; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); } .pg-header .logo{ float: left; padding:5px 10px 5px 0px; } .pg-header .logo img{ vertical-align: middle; width: 110px; height: 40px; } .pg-header .nav{ line-height: 50px; } .pg-header .nav ul li{ float: left; } .pg-header .nav ul li a{ display: block; color: #ccc; padding: 0 20px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14px; } .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body{ } .pg-body .catalog{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 200px; background-color: #fafafa; bottom: 0px; } .pg-body .catalog.fixed{ position: fixed; top:10px; } .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body .content{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 700px; margin-left: 210px; background-color: #fafafa; overflow: auto; } .pg-body .content .section{ height: 500px; border: 1px solid red; }</style><body onscroll="ScrollEvent();"><div class="pg-header"> <div class="wrap clearfix"> <div class="logo"> <a href=http://www.mamicode.com/"#"> <img src=http://www.mamicode.com/"http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn"> </a> </div> <div class="nav"> <ul> <li> <a href=http://www.mamicode.com/"#">首页</a> </li> <li> <a href=http://www.mamicode.com/"#">功能一</a> </li> <li> <a href=http://www.mamicode.com/"#">功能二</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div></div><div class="pg-body"> <div class="wrap"> <div class="catalog" id="catalog"> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div> </div> <div class="content" id="content"> <div menu="function1" class="section"> <h1>第一章</h1> </div> <div menu="function2" class="section"> <h1>第二章</h1> </div> <div menu="function3" class="section"> <h1>第三章</h1> </div> </div> </div></div> <script> function ScrollEvent(){ var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop; if(bodyScrollTop>50){ document.getElementsByClassName(‘catalog‘)[0].classList.add(‘fixed‘); }else{ document.getElementsByClassName(‘catalog‘)[0].classList.remove(‘fixed‘); } var content = document.getElementById(‘content‘); var sections = content.children; for(var i=0;i<sections.length;i++){ var current_section = sections[i]; // 当前标签距离顶部绝对高度 var scOffTop = current_section.offsetTop + 60; // 当前标签距离顶部，相对高度 var offTop = scOffTop - bodyScrollTop; // 当前标签高度 var height = current_section.scrollHeight; if(offTop<0 && -offTop < height){ // 当前标签添加active // 其他移除 active var menus = document.getElementById(‘catalog‘).children; var current_menu = menus[i]; current_menu.classList.add(‘active‘); for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){ if(menus[j] == current_menu){ }else{ menus[j].classList.remove(‘active‘); } } break; } } } </script></body></html><!DOCTYPE html><html><head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title></head><style> body{ margin: 0px; } img { border: 0; } ul{ padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; } h1{ padding: 0; margin: 0; } .clearfix:after { content: "."; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; } .wrap{ width: 980px; margin: 0 auto; } .pg-header{ background-color: #303a40; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); } .pg-header .logo{ float: left; padding:5px 10px 5px 0px; } .pg-header .logo img{ vertical-align: middle; width: 110px; height: 40px; } .pg-header .nav{ line-height: 50px; } .pg-header .nav ul li{ float: left; } .pg-header .nav ul li a{ display: block; color: #ccc; padding: 0 20px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14px; } .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body{ } .pg-body .catalog{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 200px; background-color: #fafafa; bottom: 0px; } .pg-body .catalog.fixed{ position: fixed; top:10px; } .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body .content{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 700px; margin-left: 210px; background-color: #fafafa; overflow: auto; } .pg-body .content .section{ height: 500px; border: 1px solid red; }</style><body onscroll="ScrollEvent();"><div class="pg-header"> <div class="wrap clearfix"> <div class="logo"> <a href=http://www.mamicode.com/"#"> <img src=http://www.mamicode.com/"http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn"> </a> </div> <div class="nav"> <ul> <li> <a href=http://www.mamicode.com/"#">首页</a> </li> <li> <a href=http://www.mamicode.com/"#">功能一</a> </li> <li> <a href=http://www.mamicode.com/"#">功能二</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div></div><div class="pg-body"> <div class="wrap"> <div class="catalog" id="catalog"> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1张</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2张</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3张</a></div> </div> <div class="content" id="content"> <div menu="function1" class="section"> <h1>第一章</h1> </div> <div menu="function2" class="section"> <h1>第二章</h1> </div> <div menu="function3" class="section" style="height: 200px;"> <h1>第三章</h1> </div> </div> </div></div> <script> function ScrollEvent(){ var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop; if(bodyScrollTop>50){ document.getElementsByClassName(‘catalog‘)[0].classList.add(‘fixed‘); }else{ document.getElementsByClassName(‘catalog‘)[0].classList.remove(‘fixed‘); } var content = document.getElementById(‘content‘); var sections = content.children; for(var i=0;i<sections.length;i++){ var current_section = sections[i]; // 当前标签距离顶部绝对高度 var scOffTop = current_section.offsetTop + 60; // 当前标签距离顶部，相对高度 var offTop = scOffTop - bodyScrollTop; // 当前标签高度 var height = current_section.scrollHeight; if(offTop<0 && -offTop < height){ // 当前标签添加active // 其他移除 active // 如果已经到底部，现实第三个菜单 // 文档高度 ＝ 滚动高度 + 视口高度 var a = document.getElementsByClassName(‘content‘)[0].offsetHeight + 60; var b = bodyScrollTop + document.documentElement.clientHeight; console.log(a+60,b); if(a == b){ var menus = document.getElementById(‘catalog‘).children; var current_menu = document.getElementById(‘catalog‘).lastElementChild; current_menu.classList.add(‘active‘); for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){ if(menus[j] == current_menu){ }else{ menus[j].classList.remove(‘active‘); } } }else{ var menus = document.getElementById(‘catalog‘).children; var current_menu = menus[i]; current_menu.classList.add(‘active‘); for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){ if(menus[j] == current_menu){ }else{ menus[j].classList.remove(‘active‘