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cf 710 E Generate a String

题意:

开始你有数字$0$,你可以用代价$x$将该数字加$1$或减$1$(当$x > 0$时),或用代价$y$将该数字变为$2x$,那么问得到数字$n$所需的最少代价是多少。

数据范围$1 \leq x, y \leq 10^9$,$1 \leq n \leq 10^7$。

分析:

记得到数字$n$的代价为$f(n)$。

不加证明地给出如下结论:

注:可以通过观察数的二进制表达形式归纳证明下面的结论。

若$x = y$,则

$1^{\circ}$若$n$为偶数,则$f(n) = f(\frac{n}{2}) + y$ $(*)$

$2^{\circ}$若$n$为奇数,则$f(n) = min(f(n - 1), f(n + 1)) + x$ $(\#)$

把$(*)$当作主式,用$(\#)$式作为递推中间项,很容易计算出所有偶数位置对应的$f$值,从而计算出所有$f$值。

当$x, y$大小关系不确定时,我们只需修改偶数情况的更新规则。当$n$为偶数时,为了计算$f(n)$,需要归约到$f(1) = x$,在此过程中如果用到加倍操作,那么在当前位置

用效果必然最好(直观上如此,实际也可证明),否则就不用加倍操作。使用加倍操作后转移到$f(n / 2)$,代价为$y$,而不用加倍操作转移到$f(n / 2)$时代价为$x \cdot \frac{n}{2}$,使用加倍操作当且仅当$y <= x \cdot \frac{n}{2}$,因此将$(*)$更新为:

若$y <= x \cdot \frac{n}{2}$,$f(n) =  f(\frac{n}{2}) + y$

否则$f(n) = n \cdot x$

可以用记忆话搜索来处理答案,空间复杂度$O(n)$,时间复杂度$O(log(n))$。

此外,还可以通过使用队列首先更新花费代价较小的位置来寻找答案,时间复杂度是$O(n)$,类似于$\text{bfs}$的过程。

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#include <algorithm>#include <cstdio>#include <cstring>#include <string>#include <queue>#include <map>#include <set>#include <stack>#include <ctime>#include <functional>#include <cmath>#include <iostream>#include <assert.h>#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:102400000,102400000")#define max(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))#define min(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))#define mp std :: make_pair#define st first#define nd second#define keyn (root->ch[1]->ch[0])#define lson (u << 1)#define rson (u << 1 | 1)#define pii std :: pair<int, int>#define pll pair<ll, ll>#define pb push_back#define type(x) __typeof(x.begin())#define foreach(i, j) for(type(j)i = j.begin(); i != j.end(); i++)#define FOR(i, s, t) for(int i = (s); i <= (t); i++)#define ROF(i, t, s) for(int i = (t); i >= (s); i--)#define dbg(x) std::cout << x << std::endl#define dbg2(x, y) std::cout << x << " " << y << std::endl#define clr(x, i) memset(x, (i), sizeof(x))#define maximize(x, y) x = max((x), (y))#define minimize(x, y) x = min((x), (y))using namespace std;typedef long long ll;const int int_inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;const ll ll_inf = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;const int INT_INF = (int)((1ll << 31) - 1);const double double_inf = 1e30;const double eps = 1e-14;typedef unsigned long long ul;typedef unsigned int ui;inline int readint() {    int x;    scanf("%d", &x);    return x;}inline int readstr(char *s) {    scanf("%s", s);    return strlen(s);}class cmpt {public:    bool operator () (const int &x, const int &y) const {        return x > y;    }};int Rand(int x, int o) {    //if o set, return [1, x], else return [0, x - 1]    if (!x) return 0;    int tem = (int)((double)rand() / RAND_MAX * x) % x;    return o ? tem + 1 : tem;}ll ll_rand(ll x, int o) {    if (!x) return 0;    ll tem = (ll)((double)rand() / RAND_MAX * x) % x;    return o ? tem + 1 : tem;}void data_gen() {    srand(time(0));    freopen("in.txt", "w", stdout);    int kases = 1;    //printf("%d\n", kases);    while (kases--) {        ll sz = 100000;        printf("%d\n", sz);        FOR(i, 1, sz) {            int o = Rand(2, 0);            int O = Rand(26, 0);            putchar(O + (o ? a : A));        }        putchar(\n);    }}const int maxn = 1e7 + 10;ll n, x, y;ll dp[maxn];ll cal(ll num) {    if (dp[num] != -1) return dp[num];    if (num == 1) return dp[num] = x;    if (num & 1) return dp[num] = x + min(cal(num - 1), cal(num + 1));    if ((num >> 1) * x >= y) return dp[num] = y + cal(num >> 1);    else return dp[num] = num * x;}int main() {    //data_gen(); return 0;    //C(); return 0;    int debug = 0;    if (debug) freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);    //freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout);    while (~scanf("%lld%lld%lld", &n, &x, &y)) {        clr(dp, -1);        ll ans = cal(n);        printf("%lld\n", ans);    }    return 0;}//382 81437847 324871127
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cf 710 E Generate a String