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使用TDD理解views.py与urls.py的关系
首先必须对MVC的概念有初步的认识，django也遵循这样一套规范，views.py相当于视图函数，是整个架构中的处理引擎，而urls.py的作用就是将用户请求送入这样的引擎。
项目结构：
urls.py:
from django.conf.urls import include, url from django.contrib import admin urlpatterns = [ # Examples: #url(r‘^$‘, ‘mysite.views.home‘, name=‘home‘), # url(r‘^blog/‘, include(‘blog.urls‘)), url(r‘^admin/‘, include(admin.site.urls)), ]
views.py:
from django.shortcuts import render
单元测试代码片段：tests.py
from django.test import TestCase from django.core.urlresolvers import resolve from list.views import home_page class testcase(TestCase): def test_resolve(self): found = resolve("/") self.assertEqual(found.func,home_page)
使用命令执行单元测试：python3 manage.py test
输出如下：
1 reating test database for alias ‘default‘... 2 E 3 ====================================================================== 4 ERROR: list.tests (unittest.loader.ModuleImportFailure) 5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Traceback (most recent call last): 7 File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py", line 58, in testPartExecutor 8 yield 9 File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py", line 577, in run 10 testMethod() 11 File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 32, in testFailure 12 raise exception 13 ImportError: Failed to import test module: list.tests 14 Traceback (most recent call last): 15 File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 312, in _find_tests 16 module = self._get_module_from_name(name) 17 File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 290, in _get_module_from_name 18 __import__(name) 19 File "/home/django/mysite3/list/tests.py", line 3, in <module> 20 from list.views import home_page 21 ImportError: cannot import name ‘home_page‘ 22 23 24 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 Ran 1 test in 0.001s 26 27 FAILED (errors=1) 28 Destroying test database for alias ‘default‘...
根据提示，20～21行显示没有home_page 对象，所以改写views.py,如下：
1 root@Pad:/home/django/mysite3# python3 manage.py test 2 Creating test database for alias ‘default‘... 3 E 4 ====================================================================== 5 ERROR: test_resolve (list.tests.testcase) 6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Traceback (most recent call last): 8 File "/home/django/mysite3/list/tests.py", line 7, in test_resolve 9 found = resolve("/") 10 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 522, in resolve 11 return get_resolver(urlconf).resolve(path) 12 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 388, in resolve 13 raise Resolver404({‘tried‘: tried, ‘path‘: new_path}) 14 django.core.urlresolvers.Resolver404: {‘path‘: ‘‘, ‘tried‘: [[<RegexURLResolver <RegexURLPattern list> (admin:admin) ^admin/>]]} 15 16 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 Ran 1 test in 0.005s 18 19 FAILED (errors=1) 20 Destroying test database for alias ‘default‘...
根据19行提示，路径问题，没有正确将请求如果到指定的应用，改写urls.py:
1 from django.conf.urls import include, url 2 from django.contrib import admin 3 4 urlpatterns = [ 5 # Examples: 6 url(r‘^$‘, ‘mysite.views.home‘, name=‘home‘), 7 # url(r‘^blog/‘, include(‘blog.urls‘)), 8 9 url(r‘^admin/‘, include(admin.site.urls)), 10 ]
进行单元测试：
1 root@Pad:/home/django/mysite3# python3 manage.py test 2 Creating test database for alias ‘default‘... 3 E 4 ====================================================================== 5 ERROR: test_resolve (list.tests.testcase) 6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Traceback (most recent call last): 8 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 106, in get_callable 9 mod = import_module(mod_name) 10 File "/usr/lib/python3.4/importlib/__init__.py", line 109, in import_module 11 return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level) 12 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2254, in _gcd_import 13 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2237, in _find_and_load 14 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2212, in _find_and_load_unlocked 15 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 321, in _call_with_frames_removed 16 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2254, in _gcd_import 17 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2237, in _find_and_load 18 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2224, in _find_and_load_unlocked 19 ImportError: No module named ‘mysite‘ 20 21 During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: 22 23 Traceback (most recent call last): 24 File "/home/django/mysite3/list/tests.py", line 7, in test_resolve 25 found = resolve("/") 26 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 522, in resolve 27 return get_resolver(urlconf).resolve(path) 28 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 368, in resolve 29 sub_match = pattern.resolve(new_path) 30 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 240, in resolve 31 return ResolverMatch(self.callback, args, kwargs, self.name) 32 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 247, in callback 33 self._callback = get_callable(self._callback_str) 34 File "/usr/lib/python3.4/functools.py", line 448, in wrapper 35 result = user_function(*args, **kwds) 36 File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 112, in get_callable 37 if submod and not module_has_submodule(import_module(parentmod), submod): 38 File "/usr/lib/python3.4/importlib/__init__.py", line 109, in import_module 39 return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level) 40 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2254, in _gcd_import 41 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2237, in _find_and_load 42 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2224, in _find_and_load_unlocked 43 ImportError: No module named ‘mysite‘ 44 45 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 Ran 1 test in 0.031s 47 48 FAILED (errors=1) 49 Destroying test database for alias ‘default‘...
43行提示，不是正确的module，根据时间环境修改urls.py如下：
1 from django.conf.urls import include, url 2 from django.contrib import admin 3 4 urlpatterns = [ 5 # Examples: 6 url(r‘^$‘, ‘list.views.home_page‘, name=‘home‘), 7 # url(r‘^blog/‘, include(‘blog.urls‘)), 8 9 url(r‘^admin/‘, include(admin.site.urls)), 10 ]
进行单元测试：
1 root@Pad:/home/django/mysite3# python3 manage.py test 2 Creating test database for alias ‘default‘... 3 . 4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 Ran 1 test in 0.003s 6 7 OK 8 Destroying test database for alias ‘default‘...
7行显示，成功。
所以，可以看出，此案中，测试函数用于查找“/”目录下的home_page对象，urls.py接受用户请求后，根据正则进行匹配，定向到list应用的views模块的home_page对象
reating test database for alias ‘default‘...E======================================================================ERROR: list.tests (unittest.loader.ModuleImportFailure)----------------------------------------------------------------------Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py", line 58, in testPartExecutor yield File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/case.py", line 577, in run testMethod() File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 32, in testFailure raise exceptionImportError: Failed to import test module: list.testsTraceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 312, in _find_tests module = self._get_module_from_name(name) File "/usr/lib/python3.4/unittest/loader.py", line 290, in _get_module_from_name __import__(name) File "/home/django/mysite3/list/tests.py", line 3, in <module> from list.views import home_pageImportError: cannot import name ‘home_page‘
----------------------------------------------------------------------Ran 1 test in 0.001s
FAILED (errors=1)Destroying test database for alias ‘default‘...
使用TDD理解views.py与urls.py的关系
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